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  • Dietetic treatment  (2)
  • Plasma  (2)
  • Vitamin B12  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Supplementation ; Plasma ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione S-transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was measured in normal adults and children and in patients with reduced selenium state because of dietary treatment of metabolic diseases (phenylketonuria or maple-syrup-urine disease) before and after selenium supplementation. Besides GSHPx (measured with t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide as acceptor substrates) the activity of glutathione S-transferase was estimated in plasma. Plasma GSHPx activity in healthy children was significantly lower than in healthy adults. In 11 dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria or maple-syrup-urine disease the plasma GSHPx was reduced to about 17% of the values of healthy children of the same age. No glutathione S-transferase activity could be found in plasma of children in normal or reduced Se state. During administration of yeast rich in Se (200μg Se/d) for 90 days 2 healthy adults showed no significant change of plasma GSHPx activity. During Se supplementation (75–100μg Se/d) for 120–163 days 5 dietetically treated patients with PKU or MSUD exhibited a significant increase of plasma GSHPx activity within 2 days. The values reached a plateau after 1 to 3 weeks of supplementation and remained at this level within the following 4 to 5 months. Therefore, the activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase can be used as an indicator of short-term changes of selenium intake in selenium deficient individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Methylmalonic ; aciduria ; Vitamin B12 ; GABA ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Encephalomyelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on two siblings, a girl of 7 years and a boy of 2 years, who presented in infancy with hypotonia, athetoid movements, myopathy and severe developmental delay. The progressive clinical course was characterized by ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal tract signs, loss of visual contact and failure to thrive. The older sister died at the age of 7 years. The younger brother followed an almost identical clinical course. MRI of the brain revealed bilateral hypodensities and atrophy of the putamen. Neurophysiological investigations were consistent with peripheral neuropathy. Investigations for neurometabolic disorders in urine, plasma and CSF of both patients revealed a consistent increase of methylmalonic acid in urine, plasma and CSF as well as borderline low free GABA in CSF. Except for an inconstant elevation of lactate in the boy, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia, episodic ketoacidosis, or hyperammonaemia, the usual concomitants of organoacidopathies, were absent in both children. Homocystinuria was excluded. Methylmalonic aciduria did not respond to antibiotic treatment, vitamin B12 therapy nor dietary protein restriction. Incorporation of [14C]propionate into protein in cultured fibroblasts was pathologically but inconsistently decreased. Both patients’ cell lines showed only minimal response to hydroxocobalamin and normal methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity. Conclusion Even though the definitive underlying enzymatic defect in this sibship remains obscure our results suggest a new genetic disorder. This report illustrates that hitherto undescribed metabolic disorders remain to be elucidated even in long investigated areas of intermediary metabolism such as methylmalonic aciduria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 116 (1974), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia ; Dietetic treatment ; Histologic changes of brain ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Patientin mit einer nichtketotischen Hyperglycinämie berichtet, die 2 Jahre lang mit einer vollsynthetischen Kost aus einem Aminosäurengemisch, Mineralien, Glucose, Fett und Vitaminzusätzen behandelt wurde. Die diätetische Behandlung sowie Zusatz von Natrium-Benzoat zur Nahrung führten nur kurzfristig zu einem Absinken der Plasma-Glycin-Konzentrationen. Nach Anreicherung der Nahrung mit L-Methionin in einer Dosierung von 300 mg/kg KG/die zeigten sich zwar deutlich niedrigere Glycinspiegel, gleichzeitig kam es aber zu einer exzessiven Hypermethioninämie. L-Methionin-Gabe in Dosierungen von 150–200 mg/kg KG hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Höhe des Plasma-Glycin-Spiegels. Die körperliche Entwicklung des Kindes unter Diätbehandlung war altersentsprechend. Ein Einfluß auf die geistige Entwicklung wurde nicht bemerkt, es bestand aber bereits zu Beginn der Behandlung das Bild einer Decrebrierung. Pathologisch-histologisch zeigten sich Veränderungen des ZNS in Form von Markscheidenreifungshemmung und einer spongiösen Degeneration der weißen Substanz in Großhirn, Kleinhirn und Rückenmark sowie Einlagerungen von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen. In der grauen Substanz waren keine groben Alterationen nachweisbar. Im Bereich des peripheren Nervensystems fanden sich keine Markscheidenausfälle und keine doppeltbrechenden Kristalle. Die Leber zeigte eine leichte Vacuolisierung der Leberzellen und eine starke Einlagerung von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen in Parenchymzellen und Makrophagen.
    Notes: Abstract A girl with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia was treated for 2 years with a synthetic diet consisting of a glycine- and serine-free amino-acid mixture, glucose, fat, minerals, and vitamins. The addition of sodium benzoate to this diet resulted in only a temporary decrease of the plasma glycine concentration. Addition of 300 mg methionine/kg/day led to a marked reduction of glycine in the plasma but also to an excessive increase of the methionine plasma concentration. L-methionine at a lower dose did not influence the plasma glycine level. During the dietary treatment an almost normal gain of body weight was observed, though the psychomotor development was not influenced. Post mortem the following changes were noted: 1. reduced myelination of the white matter; 2. spongiform alterations of the white matter of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord; 3. inclusions of birefringent crystals in liver and brain. The grey matter of the cerebrum did not show any marked alterations. In peripheral nerves no areas of demyelination or inclusions of crystals were found.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Essential fatty acids ; Plasma ; Developing countries ; Africa ; Child nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fatty acid status of an unselected group of 84 Congolese children was determined by estimating the fatty acid composition of the plasma phospholipid (PL) and cholesterolester (CE) fractions using capillary gas chromatography. In comparison with North American and European children a wide range of values and low mean percentages (related to the fatty acids of a chain length of 14–24 carbon atoms) were found for the following fatty acids (mean±SD): linoleic acid (LA) (PL: 17.19±3.85; CE: 40.13±7.72); arachidonic acid (AA) (PL: 6.60±2.28; CE 4.32±1.71); dihomo-gammalinolenic acid (DHLA) (PL: 1.80±0.68; CE 0.41±0.22). On average, ω3 fatty acids were higher than in reference groups, while similar values were found for the monoenoic and ω9 fatty acids. No sample contained eicosatrienoic acid, 20:3ω9 (ETA) which, dependent on analytical methods, may be difficult to separate from behenic acid (22:0). Changes in the relation between the two lipid fractions occurred when the LA content in CE was less than 35%. Also the correlation between LA and AA in CE, which was significant below 35% LA (r=0.84), changed with higher values for LA (r=0.01). These findings may indicate that alterations in fatty acid metabolism occur when LA values in CE — which are supposed to be directly related to the dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids — fall below 35% of all fatty acids in this lipid fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Protein quality ; Dietetic treatment ; Phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The protein quality of the diets of phenylketonuria (PKU) children of different ages (3 months, 10 months, 3 years, 8 years, 12 years, 16 years) with low or high phenylalanine (Phe) tolerance was assessed according to the recommendations of the FAO/WHO consultation group [13]. The amount of each essential amino acid (AA) per gram dietary protein was calculated and compared to the reference. The resultant amino acid score (AAS) indicated a limited to inadequate biological protein quality of the diets in 3-month-old infants (2.2 g protein/kg body weight/day) and 10-month-old infants (2.0 g protein/kg body weight/day) with a “high” Phe tolerance. In all other age groups the AAS was 〉 100%. However remarkable imbalances in the AA pattern were apparent. Beginning with the age of 3 years (1.7 g protein/kg body weight/day) the intake of the AA lysine and isoleucine was three or two times higher than recommended. At the age of 8 years (1.4 g protein/kg body weight/day) the intake of three AA (valine, isoleucine, lysine) was – related to the WHO recommendations – 217%, 229% and 291%. Similar results could be found in the age groups of 12 years (1.1 g protein/kg body weight/day) and 16 years (0.9 g protein/kg body weight/day), respectively. These calculations might help to reconsider the composition of the AA mixtures used in the dietetic treatment of PKU patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Methylmalonic aciduria ; Vitamin B12 ; GABA ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Encephalomyelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on two siblings, a girl of 7 years and a boy of 2 years, who presented in infancy with hypotonia, athetoid movements, myopathy and severe developmental delay. The progressive clinical course was characterized by ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal tract signs, loss of visual contanct and failure to thrive. The older sister died at the age of 7 years. The younger brother followed an almost identical clinical course. MRI of the brain revealed bilateral hypodensities and atrophy of the putamen. Neurophysiological investigations were consistent with peripheral neuropathy. Investigations for neurometabolic disorders in urine, plasma and CSF of both patients revealed a consistent increase of methylmalonic acid in urine, plasma and CSF as well as borderline low free GABA in CSF. Except for an inconstant elevation of lactate in the boy, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycaemia, episodic ketoacidosis, or hyperammonaemia, the usual concomitants of organoacidopathies, were absent in both children. Homocystinuria was excluded. Methylmalonic aciduria did not respond to antibiotic treatment, vitamin B12 therapy nor dietary protein restriction. Incorporation of [14C]propionate into protein in cultured fibroblasts was pathologically but inconsistently decreased. Both patients' cell lines showed only minimal response to hydroxocobalamin and normal methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity. Conclusion Even though the definitive undorlying enzymatic defect in this sibship remains obscure our results suggest a new genetic disorder. This report illustrates that hitherto undescribed metabolic disorders remain to be elucidated even in long investigated areas of intermediary metabolism such as methylmalonic aciduria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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