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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words HIV-1 ; T-cells ; CD69 ; Activation ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the use of a whole-blood assay that measures spontaneous and activation-induced CD69 expression on peripheral blood T-cells in vitro for assessment of T-cell function in HIV-1-infected paediatric patients. Heparinized venous blood from 28 HIV-1 positive children and adolescents and 23 healthy controls was incubated for 4 h with or without 5 μg/ml phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Thereafter, analysis of CD69 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells was done by flow cytometry; simultaneously we determined CD4+ T-cell counts and plasma HIV-1 viral load. Neither spontaneous nor PHA-induced CD69 expression differed significantly between HIV-1 positive patients and healthy controls. However, T-cells from HIV-1 positive patients with plasma HIV-1 viral load levels above 70 × 103 copies/ml showed a higher spontaneous CD69 expression than T-cells from patients with lower plasma viral load levels in different stages of the disease. Antiretroviral treatment in four patients reduced spontaneous CD69 expression in CD4+ T-cells and PHA-induced CD69 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells significantly after 8 weeks of therapy. Conclusion Spontaneous and activation-induced expression of the early (activation) antigen CD69 on peripheral blood T-cells does not distinguish HIV-1 positive patients from HIV-1 negative healthy controls and is not correlated with peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell counts. This test may not be a reliable marker for functional T-cell deficiency during early stages of HIV disease. Increased spontaneous as well as PHA-induced CD69 expression on T-cells from HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in vitro may rather reflect HIV-induced pre-activation of T-cells in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 411-418 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Core-fibrils ; crystallization models ; fiber morphology ; X-ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Crystallization models for the formation of core-fibrils crystallized from the oriented melt are discussed by comparing results from X-ray experiments with theoretical predictions. Two sets of polymer blends, the systems iPP/PB-1 and iPP/aPP have been measured. From wide angle X-ray scattering, the thicknesses of the core-fibrils, lattice distortions, and unit-cell parameters have been determined. Interface distribution functions have been used to evaluate the axial morphology of the fibers from meridional small angle X-ray scattering curves. It appears that the morphological predictions made by the crystallization models of Pennings and of Hoffman cannot be confirmed by the experimental findings. The diffusion model proposed by Petermann partially describes the morphological properties of the core-fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 227-234 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyoctenamer ; microstructure ; X-ray analysis ; electron microscopy ; interface distribution function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of trans-polyoctenamer has been investigated as a function of the trans double bond concentration and the type of regulator. The samples were characterized using GPC, DSC and X-ray wide and small angle scattering. The small angle scattering was analyzed by calculating interface distribution functions and by Guinier and Porod analysis. It was found that the microstructure is primarily determined by the trans content. The type of regulator has a minor influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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