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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 551-560 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Brain ; Circumventricular organs ; Choroid plexus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aβ colocalization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Amyloid deposits in cerebral vessels are common in β-amyloid diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, congophilic amyloid angiopathy, Down’s syndrome and hereditary cerebral amyloidosis with haemorrhage of the Dutch type). We report of 20 autopsies on patients who had died with systemic amyloidosis of the AA, Aλ and Aκ types: the brains were examined for the occurrence of amyloid. Vascular amyloid was detected in choroid plexus (in 17 of 20 cases), infundibulum (5 of 8), area postrema (6 of 11), pineal body (3 of 7) and subfornical organ (2 of 3), but not in cortical and leptomeningeal vessels. Immunohistochemical classification of the cerebral amyloid and the systemic amyloid syndrome showed identity proving the same origin of both. The distribution is indicative of a haematogenic pattern of amyloid deposition in systemic amyloidosis and is different from that in Alzheimer’s, prion, ATTR and cystatin C diseases. It corresponds to areas of the brain with a ”leaky” blood–brain barrier. Additionally, all the cases with AA amyloidosis exhibited an Aβ coreactivity in choroid plexus vessels. In one exceptional case, Aβ reactivity of AA amyloid also occurred outside of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Brain tumors ; Proliferation kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ki-67 is a marker for the growth fraction (GF) of tumor cells. The exact relationship between the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and the conventional diagnostic criterion of the proliferative activity of brain tumors, the mitotic index (MI), is unknown except for some general references. On serial frozen sections Ki-67 LI and MI were determined in nearly identical areas of 32 glioblastomas, 20 grade III astrocytomas, 21 grade II astrocytomas and 20 selected cases of meningioma. The data not only clearly showed different median values of LI and MI for the various malignancy grades, but also similar regression coefficients for each glioma type. A non-linear relationship between the two indices was found for all glioma cases with high significance and high correlation coefficient; (LI)=5.6 (MI)0.59. This results from differing intermitotic cycle times, the variability of which can be estimated from the data given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Natural killer cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leu-19 antigen ; Brain tumors ; Neuroendocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leu-19 antigen is a 200–220 kDa surface glycoprotein, initially detected on natural killer (NK) cells exhibiting non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxity. Using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the Leu-19 molecule, we were unable to identify NK cells immunohistologically in cryostat sections of neuroectodermal tumors. Instead, mAb Leu-19 cross-reacted with the surfaces of the tumor cells, except for melanomas. It stained mesodermal tumor cells less intensely and did not stain those of carcinoma metastases. In three plasmocytomas, cells were observed, most likely NK cells, which extend Leu-19-positive cell processes towards to the unstained tumor cells. Furthermore, the Leu-19 antigen was identified on physiological tissues, especially on all neuroendocrine cells analyzed. The cross-reactions observed with Leu-19 mAb were confirmed using mAb NKH-1, which is also directed against the Leu-19 molecule. Thus, the expression of Leu-19 on neuroectodermal cells is another example of antigen sharing between specialized immune cells and the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 709-711 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Aλ amyloid ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rare multiple sclerosis cases amyloid is deposited in demyelinated plaques. In one such case amyloid was examined immunohistochemically with a panel of antibodies directed against different amyloid types. The amyloid was classified as the Aλ type produced by a local monoclonal B cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Dopamine ; congestive heart failure ; hemodynamics ; renal blood flow ; arterial pO2 ; Dopamin ; Herzinsuffizienz ; Hämodynamik ; Nierenfunktion ; Nierendurchblutung ; arterieller Sauerstoffdruck
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 8 Patienten mit schwerer ausgeprägter Herzinsuffizienz wurde der Einfluß von Dopamin in Dosierungen zwischen 90 und 350 µg/min auf Hämodynamik, Nierendurchblutung und Nierenfunktion untersucht. Wie beim Gesunden führt Dopamin dosisabhängig zu einer deutlichen Steigerung des Herzzeitvolumens bei gleichbleibendem arteriellen Druck. Allerdings führen Dopamindosen über 175 µg/min am insuffizienten Ventrikel zu einer Frequenzsteigerung und zu einer Zunahme des enddiastolischen linken Ventrikeldruckes. Bereits unter Dopamindosierungen bis 175 µg/min steigt die Nierendurchblutung weit über das Ausmaß der Systemflußsteigerung an. Ausgeprägte Natriurese und Erhöhung des Harnflusses sowie Anstieg des Natrium-Kalium-Quotienten im Urin sind regelmäßig nachweisbar. Dopamin führt dosisabhängig zu einem Abfall des arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckes, wahrscheinlich durch eine erhöhte venöse Beimischung in der Lungenstrombahn. Dopamin sollte auf Grund seiner spezifischen, von anderen Katecholaminen abweichenden Eigenschaften bei der Behandlung von Schockformen mit primär erniedrigtem Herzzeitvolumen, für die keine Indikation zur Volumengabe besteht, eingesetzt werden. Herzzeitvolumensteigerung ohne Frequenzanstieg, maximale Steigerung der Nierendurchblutung und Natriurese werden bereits unter 175 µg/min beobachtet, Dosiserhöhung kann infolge einer Erhöhung des enddiastolischen linken Ventrikeldruckes zu einer stärkeren Lungenstauung mit Verschlechterung der kontraktilen Funktion führen. Die Dopamindosierung sollte deshalb 200 bis max. 300 µg/min nicht übersteigen.
    Notes: Summary In eight patients with severe congestive heart failure investigations were made concerning the influence of Dopamine (between 90 and 350 µg/min) on hemodynamics and renal function as well as on the renal blood flow. As in normal volunteers, depending on the dosis given, Dopamine distinctly increased the cardiac output at unchanged arterial pressure. Doses exceeding 175 µg/min, however, caused a rise in heart rate, and increased end-diastolic left ventricular pressure in patients with cardiac failure. Already with doses below 175 µg/min the renal blood flow increased far beyond the extent of general systemic flow increase. Distinct sodium diuresis and increased urine flow as well as an increase of the sodium-potassium-urine ratio could be proven regularly. Depending on the dosis given, Dopamine induces a decrease of arterial pO2, probably due to an increased pulmonary venous admixture. It is suggested that Dopamine, on account of its specific qualities differing from other catecholamines, should be chosen in shock syndrome with primarily lowered cardiac output where no volume substitution is indicated. Already with doses below 175 µg/min an increase of cardiac output without rise of heart rate, maximal increase of the renal blood flow, and sodium excretion can be observed; higher doses, increasing the end-diastolic left ventricular pressure, may result in more severe lung congestion with deterioration of the contractile state. Therefore, Dopamine should not exceed doses of 200 to max. 300 µg/min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 571-573 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: dopamine ; haloperidol ; arterial pO2 ; pulmonary arterio-venous anastomoses ; dopamine-receptor ; Dopamin ; Haloperidol ; arterieller Sauerstoffdruck ; pulmonale arteriovenöse Anastomosen ; Dopaminreceptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dopamininfusion bewirkt eine deutliche Abnahme des arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckes. Diese Entwicklung einer arteriellen Hypoxämie muß am ehesten durch Eröffnung pulmonaler arteriovenöser Anastomosen erklärt werden. Wie die Dopamin-bedingte Vasodilatation im Nieren-und Coronargefäßsystem, kann die Dopamin-bedingte arterielle Hypoxämie durch Vorbehandlung mit Haloperidol blockiert werden. Somit sind auch in der Lungenstrombahn Dopaminspezifische Receptoren anzunehmen, die möglicherweise die Öffnung arteriovenöser Anastomosen regulieren.
    Notes: Summary Dopamine infusion regularly is accompanied by a distinct decrease of arterial pO2. An opening of pulmonary arterio-venous anastomoses is suggested to be the cause of this arterial hypoxaemia. This dopamine effect is attenuated by pretreatment with haloperidol, thus resembling the dopamine-induced vasodilatation seen in the coronary and renal vascular bed. These results support the hypothesis that dopamine is also acting upon a specific receptor in the pulmonary vascular bed which probably regulates the opening of arterio-venous anastomoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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