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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 67-70 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; propranolol ; metoprolol ; atenolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacodynamic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and three β-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol was investigated in healthy volunteers given diltiazem 30 mg or placebo t.d.s. for 3 days, followed by a single dose of propranolol 20 mg, metoprolol 40 mg or atenolol 50 mg. The AUCs of propranolol and metoprolol were significantly increased after diltiazem and it significantly prolonged the elimination half-life of metoprolol. In contrast, it did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of atenolol. Propranolol significantly decreased the resting pulse rate after diltiazem pretreatment as compared to placebo. The results indicate that diltiazem impaired the clearance of propranolol and metoprolol, which are principally metabolized by an oxidative pathway, and that the kinetic interaction between diltiazem and propranolol may partly be related to the significant reduction in the pulse rate produced by the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; chronopharmacology ; exercise-induced tachycardia ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers ; gastio-intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a cross-over design propranolol 20 mg p.o. was given to 7 healthy subjects at 09.00 h and 21.00 h at an interval of 1 week. Heart rate (HR) during submaximal ergometer exercise was measured at four intervals during 10 h after treatment. Plasma propranolol concentrations were also determined. The suppressive effect (%R) of propranolol on the rise in HR during exercise after the morning dosage was significantly greater at 1.5 h and tended to be greater 3 h after administration than at comparable times in the evening trial. Mean plasma propranolol concentrations during the early phase were higher after the morning than the evening dose. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC (0–10)) and absorption rate constant (ka) were significantly greater after the morning dose. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of the morning and evening dosages did not differ. A significant correlation was observed between plasma propranolol concentration and %R in HR during exercise in the morning (r=0.74) and evening (r=0.63) trials, and the regression lines of the morning and evening treatments did not differ. The data indicate that the suppressive effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia was relatively greater after a morning than an evening dose; that propranolol was more rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after the morning than the evening dosage; that diurnal changes in the activity of propranolol depend in part on the time of administration and its subsequent effect on plasma concentrations of the drug; and that the antagonist activity of propranolol relative to a given drug concentration may not differ between morning and evening treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 3 (1983), S. 173-184 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: moving ring reactor ; tritium breeding ratio ; blanket ; heating rate ; first wall ; Monte Carlo calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Monte Carlo calculations on the tritium breeding ratio in the blanket and the heating rate in the first wall were carried out for moving ring reactor, KARIN-1. The blanket adopted in this calculation consists of a 2-cm thick silicon carbide (SiC) first wall, a 25-cm thick lithium (Li) layer, and a 10-cm thick lithium oxide (Li2O) layer. It was found that the tritium breeding ratio in the blanket and the heating rate in the first wall are changing cyclically with a 1 s period. The maximum tritium breeding ratio obtained is 1.12, the minimum is 1.01, and the average value over a 1 s period is 1.10. As for the heating rate at the center of the burning section, the maximum is ∼26 W/cc, the minimum ∼10 W/cc, the average ∼ 15 W/cc, and the ratio of the maximum to the minimum is ∼2.6. The corresponding values at the entrance of the burning section are ∼24 W/cc, ∼4 W/cc, ∼12 W/cc, and ∼6.7, respectively. These results provide the basic information for thermal and mechanical design of the reactor system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 4 (1985), S. 289-314 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: SENRI-I ; pellet ; blanket ; tritium breeding ratio ; energy deposition ; radiation damage ; activity ; streaming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A neutronic analysis of the laser-driven inertial-confinement fusion reactor SENRI-I is presented. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculations were performed to examine the effects of laser beam ports on the flux distribution, tritium breeding ratio, thermal energy deposition in the blanket, and radiation streaming. A Monte Carlo code was also used for the time-dependent radiation-damage analysis accounting for the time of the flight spread of neutrons and the results are compared to the analysis for the HIBALL design. Induced radioactivity was estimated, based on the one-dimensional transport calculation and depletion analysis. The calculated results reveal the advantages of the SENRI-I design with a thick Li layer compared to other reactor systems employing a dry-wall scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 4 (1985), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: heliotron-H ; blanket ; shield ; superconducting magnet ; tritium breeding ratio ; atomic displacement ; dose rate ; shutdown ; Monte Carlo calculation ; THIDA code system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear analysis was carried out for the heliotron-H fusion power reactor employing anl=2 helical heliotron field. The neutronics aspects examined were (a) tritium breeding capability, (b) shielding effectiveness for the superconducting magnet (SCM), and (c) induced activity after shutdown. In this reactor design of the heliotron-H, the space available for the blanket and shield is limited due to the reactor geometry. Thus, some parametric survey calculations were performed to satisfy the design requirements. The nucleonic design features of the heliotron-H are as follows. An adequate tritium breeding ratio of 1.17 is obtained when a 10-cm thick Pb neutron multiplier and a 40-cm thick Li2O breeding blanket are used. In this case, the total nuclear energy deposition is 16.10 MeV per 14.06 MeV incident neutron. The performance of the SCM is assured during ∼2 yr of continuous operation using a 20-cm thick tungsten shield. Biological dose rate behind the SCM at 1 day after shutdown is too high for hands-on maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 4 (1985), S. 315-319 
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: optimization ; SENRI ; blanket ; tritium ; breeding ; energy multiplication ; molten salt ; nonbreeding ; hybrid ; support ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Neutronic calculations were performed to optimize the SENRI blanket in terms of energy multiplication as well as tritium breeding ratio. The blanket employs a thick (∼ 64-cm) Li layer as breeder/coolant. Three approaches were taken here to achieve the goal: (1) reduction of6Li in the lithium, (ii) replacement of the Li layer by a molten-salt (flibe) layer, and (iii) shipment of excess tritium to a nonbreeding blanket. It was found that the excess tritium produced in the SENRI blanket could be used effectively to obtain additional power by fueling a nonbreeding D-T reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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