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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of citalopram, a synthetic serotonin uptake inhibitor, on indoleamine and catecholamine concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of freely moving rats (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Citalopram ; serotonin ; cerebrospinal fluid ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studied changes in the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), other indoleamines, and catecholamines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of freely-moving rats that had been administered citalopram, ±1-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-5-isobenzofurancarbonitrile hydrobromide), a selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake. In a microdialysis experiment, the intracerebral extracellular free 5-HT increased significantly, peaking 60 to 90 min after citalopram (30 mg/kg p.o.) was administerd. The 5-HT concentrations in CSF from the cisterna magna increased significantly, reaching a maximum 6 hours after a single dose of citalopram (30 mg/kg p.o.) was given. Six hours after this dose, the CSF 5-HT concentration in the cisterna magna was significantly increased, and the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration was significantly decreased. There were non-significant changes in the other indoleamines (tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and kynurenine) and in the catecholamines (dopamine, homovanillic acid, normetanephrine, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethyleneglycol). The 5-HT/tryptophan ratio was correlated significantly with the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio before treatment with citalopram (r=0.81, p=0.051), indicative that there is coordination of the serotonin and kynurenine pathways in normal rats. In the animals posttreatment there was no such correlation, suggesting that the changes in 5-HT are independent of the kynurenine system at least within the 6 hours postreatment. These CSF results appear to reflect selective inhibition of 5-HT uptake in brain tissues by citalopram that is not associated with changes in catecholamines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259653
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Congenital absence and aberrant course of the internal carotid artery (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 650-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Aberrant internal carotid artery ; Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery ; CT ; MRI ; MR angiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We retrospectively reviewed the imaging features of an aberrant course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in one patient and its unilateral absence in four. Absence of the ICA was initially detected by MRI and MR angiography in both patients who underwent these examinations. CT revealed an abnormal or absent carotid canal in all cases. Radiological diagnosis by MRI and MR angiography could play an important role in the diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187666
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CT and MR imaging of craniopharyngioma (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 464-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Craniopharyngioma ; MR ; CT
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We reviewed imaging findings of CT and MR imaging in 20 cases of surgically confirmed craniopharyngioma in an attempt to determine their relation to patterns of tumor extent. The relationship between these patterns and the frequency of preoperative CT diagnosis and MR imaging diagnosis according to the surgical diagnosis were determined. The CT technique was superior to MR imaging in the detection of calcification. The MR imaging technique was superior to CT for determining tumor extent and provided valuable information about the relationships of the tumor to surrounding structures. Thus, CT and MR imaging have complementary roles in the diagnosis of craniopharyngiomas. In cases of possible craniopharyngioma, noncontrast sagittal T1-weighted images may enable the identification of the normal pituitary, possibly leading to the correct diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050184
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and choline in vascular dementia of Binswanger and multiple small infarct types as compared with Alzheimer-type dementia (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 1211-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Acetylcholine ; choline ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Alzheimer-type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; multi-infarct dementia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were investigated in patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type (VDBT) or multiple small infarct type (MSID) as compared with patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). The ACh concentration in patients with ATD was found to be significantly lower than in controls (73%, p 〈 0.0001), and showed a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.63, p 〈 0.03). The Ch concentration in the CSF of ATD patients was approximately the same as in controls. In VDBT/MSID patients, the ACh concentration was significantly lower than in controls (p 〈 0.001), also showing a significant positive correlation with dementia scale scores (rs=0.62, p 〈 0.02), but was significantly higher than in ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). Moreover, the Ch concentration in VDBT/MSID patients was significantly higher than in controls (p 〈 0.001) or ATD patients (p 〈 0.001). These results suggest that simultaneous determination of ACh and Ch concentrations in CSF may be useful for differentiating VDBT/MSID from ATD and that increasing the ACh level using cholinergic agents may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ATD as well as VDBT/MSIT, and is worthy of further investigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271206
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Indoleamine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer type and Binswanger type dementias before and after administration of citalopram, a synthetic serotonin uptake inhibitor (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 9 (1995), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer type dementia ; vascular dementia of the Binswanger type ; serotonin ; kynurenine ; citalopram ; cerebrospinal fluid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studied changes in the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), kynurenine, and other indoleamines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) and those with Binswanger type vascular dementia (VDBT), and changes in these indoleamine concentrations 2 weeks after administration of citalopram, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor. The concentrations of total 5-HT (p〈0.005) and kynurenine (p〈0.005) were significantly decreased in ATD patients in comparison to those of the controls. After citalopram administration, there was a remarkable increase in 5-HT concentration (249%, p〈0.0001) and a significant decrease in 5-HIAA concentration (22%, p〈0.02). In the VDBT patients, only 5-HT showed a significant decrease (p〈0.005) in comparison to the control values. It also increased significantly (214%) after citalopram administration. The 5-HT/tryptophan and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios were not correlated for the controls, but did significantly for the ATD and VDBT patients; after citalopram treatment, the increase in 5-HT/tryptophan was correlated significantly with that of kynurenine/tryptophan for ATD, but not for VDBT. These results suggest that both the serotonin and kynurenine pathways are impaired in ATD; whereas, the serotonin pathway alone is in VDBT, and that these impairments are ameliorated by the administration of citalopram.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259654
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