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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • cholesterol  (3)
  • diabetes  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in diabetes (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; Non-insulin-dependent ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the intestine in cholesterol metabolism in human diabetes is unclear, although abnormalities have been demonstrated in cholesterol synthesis and absorption in diabetic animals. This study examines the relationship between fasting and post-prandial apolipoprotein B-48 in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Eight type 2 diabetic patients and ten healthy non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal), and the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g/ml) from fasting and post-prandial plasma. Apolipoprotein B-48 and apo B-100 were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified by densitometric scanning with reference to a purified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apo B-100 preparation. Diabetic patients had significantly higher concentrations of apo B-48 and apo B-100 in both the fasting (P〈0.05) and post-prandial (P〈0.001) triglyceride-rich lipoprotein samples compared with non-diabetic subjects. The diabetic patients also exhibited a significantly different post-prandial profile for apo B-48 and apo B-100, with a prolonged increase and a later post-prandial peak, than the non-diabetic subjects (P〈0.01). These results suggest that the raised fasting triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, often found in diabetes, are associated with apo B-48 and may be derived from increased intestinal chylomicron production. The post-prandial pattern suggests an abnormality in intestinal production as well as hepatic clearance of apo B-48 in type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048544
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-A2 and Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: An association of allele frequency with age (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 460-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes ; HLA-A2 ; age association ; Pima Indians ; diabetes ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Pima Indians with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus, HLA-A2 allele frequencies were inversely associated with age, (0.72, 0.59, and 0.52 in those less than 35, 35 to 54, and 55 years old and over, respectively). This suggests that there may be a gene closely linked with the HLA-A locus which plays a role in the expression of diabetes in the Pimas by contributing to an earlier age of onset. HLA-A2 was found in 65% of 69 non-diabetic and 81% of 191 diabetic subjects (relative risk = 2.2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257786
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Rabbits ; diabetes ; hypercholesterolaemia ; lipoproteins ; cholesterol metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum lipoproteins and key hepatic and intestinal enzymes regulating cholesterol synthesis, esterification and catabolism, namely 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol-o-acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase respectively, were compared in two hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models — the cholesterol-fed animal and the hypercholesterolaemic diabetic animal. Hypercholesterolaemia in the cholesterol-fed animals was reflected in the VLDL and LDL fractions, whereas VLDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels were elevated in the diabetic animals. The lipoproteins of the cholesterol-fed animals were enriched with cholesterol but the lipoprotein fractions in the diabetic animals were enriched with triacylglycerol. While hepatic HMGCoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in both groups, the activities of hepatic ACAT and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase were significantly increased in the cholesterol-fed animals and significantly reduced in the diabetic animals compared with controls. In the intestine, the activity of HMGCoA reductase was increased and ACAT reduced in the diabetic animals. By contrast, in the cholesterol-fed group, HMGCoA reductase activity was lower and ACAT activity was higher in comparison with the control group. These differences in lipoproteins and cellular cholesterol metabolism between the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit models may explain the differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis, previously reported in these two animal models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418266
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial state in NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein B-48 ; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; NIDDM ; cholesterol ; triglyceride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestine is a major site of cholesterol synthesis and produces apolipoprotein B-48, which is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption and secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine postprandial changes in apolipoprotein B-48 in diabetes. Six non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and six non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal) and blood samples were taken pre- and postprandially, from which the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (density〈1.006 g/ml). Apolipoprotein B-48 was separated on 4–15% gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction, blood glucose, and serum insulin were also measured. Diabetic patients exhibited a postprandial triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-48 profile significantly different from that of control subjects (p〈0.05). The triglyceride and total protein concentration in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction mirrored the post-prandial profile and apolipoprotein B-48 in both groups. Significantly different patterns for triglyceride (p〈0.02) and total protein (p〈0.05) following the fat-rich meal were observed in the two groups. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and total apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p〈0.05). Since apolipoprotein B-48 is the structural protein of intestinally-derived lipoprotein particles, these studies suggest an abnormality in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399800
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 in the postprandial state in NIDDM (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Apolipoprotein B-48 ; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; NIDDM ; cholesterol ; triglyceride.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestine is a major site of cholesterol synthesis and produces apolipoprotein B-48, which is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption and secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine postprandial changes in apolipoprotein B-48 in diabetes. Six non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and six non-diabetic control subjects were given a high-fat meal (1300 kcal) and blood samples were taken pre- and postprandially, from which the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (density 〈 1.006 g/ml). Apolipoprotein B-48 was separated on 4–15 % gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction, blood glucose, and serum insulin were also measured. Diabetic patients exhibited a postprandial triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B-48 profile significantly different from that of control subjects (p 〈 0.05). The triglyceride and total protein concentration in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction mirrored the post-prandial profile and apolipoprotein B-48 in both groups. Significantly different patterns for triglyceride (p 〈 0.02) and total protein (p 〈 0.05) following the fat-rich meal were observed in the two groups. Fasting and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol and total apolipoprotein B were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (p 〈 0.05). Since apolipoprotein B-48 is the structural protein of intestinally-derived lipoprotein particles, these studies suggest an abnormality in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 1259–1264]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399800
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular cholesterol regulation — A defect in the Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patient in poor metabolic control (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; LDL ; cholesterol ; esterification ; glycosylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study investigates the relationship between Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia with regard to delivery of cholesterol to cells and regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. The ability of LDL, from hypercholesterolaemic and Type 2 diabetic patients, to suppress cellular cholesterologenesis and to enhance mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was compared. Cholesterol synthesis was estimated by measuring [14C]-acetate incorporation into cholesterol and lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation into mitogen-stimulated normal lymphocytes. The results indicate that LDL from both Type 2 diabetic patients in poor metabolic control and hypercholesterolaemic patients was significantly less effective (p 〈 0.001) than LDL from non-diabetic normocholesterolaemic subjects in suppressing cholesterol synthesis in lymphocytes. LDL from all hypercholesterolaemic patients enhanced lymphocyte proliferation to a greater extent than LDL from normocholesterolaemic subjects and this effect was significantly increased using LDL from Type 2 diabetic, hypercholesterolaemic patients. Both suppression of [14C]-acetate incorporation and enhancement of [3H]-thymidine uptake could be related to an increased esterified/free cholesterol ratio in the LDL particle. The fact that cholesterol synthesis and cell proliferation were markedly altered by the above changes in LDL composition suggests a mechanism for cellular cholesterol accumulation in the Type 2 diabetic patient, even in the absence of elevated serum cholesterol levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectroscopic determination of the dissociation constants of an acetonitrile-zinc complex in aqueous solution and the enthalpy and entropy of complex dissociation (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dissociation constants for an acetonitrile-zinc complex, (CH3CN)Zn2+, were measured in aqueous solutions containing zinc salts (40-80%, w/w) and acetonitrile by Raman spectroscopy. Quantitative measurements of the intensity of the free and complexed ν(CN) Raman bands at 2264 and 2320 cm-1, respectively, were used to determine the average enthalpy and entropy of the complex dissociation to free acetonitrile in the temperature range 293-343 K for a 70% (w/w) solution of zinc chloride (0.052 mol) in an aqueous solution containing acetonitrile (0.024 mol); δH° and δS° values of 8.4 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1, respectively, were determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250221110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding in 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole using an environmental chamberThis paper is dedicated to Professor D. A. Long on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 26 (1995), S. 617-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The bands at 2485 and 940 cm-1 observed in the Raman spectra of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole represent the hydrogen-bonded ν(SH) stretching and δ(C-SH) in-plane bending modes, respectively. A quantitative study of the hydrogen bonding was carried out using intensity measurements of the bands assigned to the hydrogen-bonded and the free δ(C-SH) in-plane deformations at 940 and 919 cm-1, respectively, as a function of temperature. The Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectra were recorded over the temperature range 303-403 K using an environmental chamber fitted into the FT Raman sample compartment. The equilibrium constants between the free and the hydrogen-bonded molecules were determined over this temperature range and the average enthalpy for hydrogen-bond formation was obtained (ΔH° = -3.35 ± 0.2 kJ mol-1).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250260806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of Raman spectroscopy to the study of polymers and polymerization processes (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The application of Raman spectroscopy to polymers and polymerization processes is surveyed and the advent of recent advances in instrumental techniques to polymer analysis is highlighted. Some of the problems of the more widely-used infrared spectroscopic methods, for example in microstructural analysis of polydienes and copolymers, are discussed and the advantages of the Raman spectroscopic technique are explained. The use of near-infrared excitation and Fourier-transform Raman instrumentation for process monitoring and polymer composite studies is discussed. Raman microscopic and waveguide spectroscopic studies of small samples and polymer coatings on substrates are considered. Other applications are mentioned in the areas of polymer orientation, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, conducting polymers, biopolymers and time-resolved studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and vibrational spectroscopic characterization of copolymers of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and methyl methacrylate (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation and vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the hitherto unreported products of the copolymerization of 2,3-dimethylbutadiene and methyl methacrylate are presented. The polymers were prepared by free radical polymerization using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic information on the 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-methyl methacrylate copolymer is presented for a range of copolymers differing in the 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to methyl methacrylate ratio. Quantitative information of the microstructure of the polymer and copolymer using the C=C stretching vibrations is provided by Raman spectroscopy. Evidence is presented for the splitting of the C=O stretching vibration, ascribed to aggregated syndiotactic and unaggregated syndio- and isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) at 1734 and 1724 cm-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240805
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