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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and endogenous hydrocortisone levels in cushingoid and non-cushingoid patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; hydrocortisone ; cushingoid syndrome ; pharmacokinetics ; renal transplant ; oral disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To establish if the appearance of cushingoid side effects in patients taking exogenous glucocorticoids is related to the disposition and metabolism of these steroids and endogenous hydrocortisone, 15 stable renal transplant patients and 12 patients treated with prednisone for oral mucocutaneous vesiculo-erosive diseases were investigated. All 27 patients were given their usual prednisone dose orally on one occasion, and 24 were given the same amount of prednisolone intravenously on another occasion. Following dosing, plasma samples were obtained for determination of the areas under the plasma concentration time curves of total prednisolone, prednisone and hydrocortisone by high performance liquid chromatography, and of unbound prednisolone by equilibrium dialysis. The bioavailability of prednisone, the interconversion of prednisone into prednisolone, the clearance of total and unbound prednisolone, the prednisolone binding capacity of albumin and transcortin, and the affinity of albumin for prednisolone did not differ between the 14 patients without cushingoid side effects and the 13 cushingoid patients. Compared to those who had cushingoid features, patients who developed no side effects had a higher affinity constant for prednisolone binding to transcortin − 2.04±0.27 × 107 L/M vs. 1.34±0.16×107 (X±SE;P〈0.05), more frequently exhibited peak hydrocortisone levels within the normal range (6/14 vs 1/13), more often had measurable (〉10ng/ml) hydrocortisone in the plasma samples collected during the kinetic studies (123/291 vs 74/325;P〈0.001) and had higher areas under the plasma concentration time curve of hydrocortisone (median, range), i.e. 8081 ng/ml · min (0–21 637 ng/ml · min) vs 386 ng/ml · min (0–16 329 ng/ml · min;P〈0.005). The data suggest that endogenous hydrocortisone production is not as suppressed in patients with visible cushingoid signs as in noncushingoid patients, and that there is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of exogenous glucocorticoids between patients with and without cushingoid side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627926
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetic interaction of contraceptive steroids with prednisone and prednisolone (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 505-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisolone ; prednisone ; oral contraceptives ; 6β-hydroxylase ; transcortin ; protein-binding ; steroid metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oestrogenic component of oral contraceptives affects the activity of liver enzymes and the concentrations of plasma proteins implicated in steroid metabolism and transport. The present study was designed to determine these effects on the kinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. After an oral dose of prednisone, women on oral contraceptive steroids (n=10) had higher mean (±SD) area under the plasma concentration versus time curves of total (428±67 µg/ml/min vs 188±28 µg/ml/min, p〈0.001) and unbound prednisolone (64±10 µg/ml/min vs 41±10 µg/ml/min, p〈0.001) than women not taking oral contraceptive steroids (n=10). The differences were attributable to a lower non-renal clearance of prednisolone and to a higher apparent systemic availability of the drug in contraceptive users than in the controls. The affinity of albumin and transcortin for prednisolone was lower in women on oral contraceptives than in controls (p〈0.001). Thus, altered kinetics and protein binding may account for the known increase in glucocorticoid efficacy by oestrogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542149
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single dose of azathioprine does not affect the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following oral prednisone (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 19 (1981), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prednisone ; prednisolone ; azathioprine ; 11 β-hydroxydehydrogenase ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and pharmacokinetic observations suggest that azathioprine may diminish the plasma level of prednisolone. To study the extent of this possible interaction, and to define the underlying mechanism, total and unbound prednisolone and total prednisone concentrations were assessed in 11 subjects following an oral dose of prednisone once with and once without concomitant oral administration of azathioprine. Azathioprine did not affect the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of total and unbound prednisolone; furthermore, the interconversion of prednisone into prednisolone was not influenced by azathioprine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561951
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: Clinical and pathophysiological implications (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 609-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefoperazone ; peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; terminal renal failure ; peritonitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone after i.p. and/or i.v. administration were studied in 12 CAPD patients. After i.v. injection, the plasma half-life was 2.65±0.4 h, the total clearance amounting to 70.1±19.2 ml/min. Peritoneal clearance was calculated to be 6.9±1 ml/min. After peritoneal instillation, the bioavailability was 63.9±5%. After repeated i.p. administration, no accumulation of the drug in the body was observed. Thus, cefoperazone can be safely administered for the treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543494
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High haemodialysis clearance of ornidazole in the presence of a negligible renal clearance (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ornidazole ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; renal function ; metabolism ; urine concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ornidazole was studied in 6 patients treated by haemodialysis and in 8 subjects with a creatinine clearance between 4 and 99 ml/min × 1.73 m2. Blood and urine collections were performed for 72 h after i.v. and oral administration of 1.0 g ornidazole. Total body clearance, half-life, volume of distribution and systemic availability were independent of renal function and did not differ from previously reported values in normal volunteers. The haemodialysis clearance of ornidazole was 〉100% higher than the total body clearance. The renal clearance of ornidazole accounted for less than 7% of the total body clearance. The percentage of the dose of ornidazole recovered in urine as parent compound or as the biologically active metabolites [α-(chloromethyl)-2 hydroxymethyl-5 nitroimidazole-1 ethanol and 3-(2 methyl-5 nitroimidazole-1-yl)1,2 propanediol] decreased linearly with decreasing renal function. Although the sum of those three compounds recovered in urine accounted for less than 10% of the total dose of ornidazole administered, they yielded therapeutic concentrations (〉4 µg/ml) in urine over 24 h after dosing. Due to the peculiar pharmacokinetic behaviour of ornidazole, i.e. high haemodialysis clearance in the absence of significant renal clearance, no dosage adjustment is necessary while renal function declines, but an increased dose is mandatory while patients are on dialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558301
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in patients with impaired renal function (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1986), S. 697-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tenoxicam ; renal insufficiency ; non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents ; protein binding ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam after a single oral dose of 20 mg has been studied in 12 patients with various degrees of decreased renal function. Unchanged tenoxicam and its 5′OH-metabolite in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (138±53 µg/ml·h) and terminal half-lives in patients with impaired renal function did not differ from values previously reported in normal volunteers, nor did the peak concentration of tenoxicam. The half-life of 5′OH-tenoxicam and unchanged tenoxicam where the same. The urinary excretion of 5′OH-tenoxicam fell with decreasing renal function. Thus no dosage adjustment should be necessary and the usual daily dose of tenoxicam may be administered once daily also to patients with renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615961
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeatability of regression stability indexes for grain yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; regression stability index ; repeatability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two lines of descent were established from an F3 bulk lot of oats (Avena sativa L.) initiated by mixing seeds from approximately 250 crosses. For one line of descent, seeds were radiated with thermal neutrons or X-rays from F3 through F6, followed by five generations of bulk propagation. The second was propagated for 10 generations. No artificial selection was practiced in either line of descent. Grain yield data from 20 random strains from each of four generations from the radiated (F7, F8, F9, and F11) and five from the nonradiated (F3, F6, F7, F8, and F12) line of descent and 20 check cultivars tested in 14 environments were used for estimating regression stability indexes of oat strains. The 14 environments were assigned randomly to two sets of seven, and regression stability indexes were computed for the 180 experimental oat strains for both sets. Intrageneration correlations between regression stability indexes from the two sets of environments ranged from −0.35 to 0.64 (18 d.f.), and only one of nine was significant, indicating poor repeatability for estimates of this statistic computed from different sets of environments. Correlations between regression stability indexes from two sets of environments, one in which the environments varied by soil nitrogen levels and a second in which they varied by soil phosphorus levels, ranged from −0.01 to 0.28, none of which was significant. The relative magnitudes and ranking of the regression stability index values for the oat genotypes were nearly identical when environmental productivity indexes were assessed with any number of check cultivars from 2 to 20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041525
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grain yield response and stability for oat lines with low-, medium-, and high-yielding ability (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; yield response ; yield stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Relationships that exist among grain yielding ability and response and stability of grain yields when tested over variable environments were examined. Two sets of oats lines were tested over many environments that had wide ranges in productivities. The lines in each set were divided into high-, medium-, and low-yielding groups on the basis of means across all environments, and variance components for genotype × environment interactions and means of regression responses and coefficients of determination were computed for the three yield categories in each set. Mean grain yields for the high-, medium-, and low-yielding groups across both sets of oats lines were 2.7, 2.3, and 1.9 Mg ha-1, respectively. Coefficients of variability for the genotype × environment interaction were 18%, 16%, and 12% for the high-, medium-, and low-yielding categories, respectively. Means for regression responses were 1.22 for the high group, 0.99 for the medium, and 0.78 for the low. Most responses for the high and low groups were significantly different from 1.0. Means for coefficients of contingency were 0.63, 0.56, and 0.51 for the high-, medium-, and lowyielding groups, respectively. There was a positive relationship between mean grain yield and response of grain yield to improving environments. Thus, high yielding lines are also the responsive lines. Our study gave conflicting results about stability of production for the three yield groups. Coefficients of variation for genotype × environment interaction indicated that the high-yielding group was more interactive with environments than were the medium- and low-yielding ones: However, the means for coefficients of contingency indicated that the high yielding group was the most stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00730655
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct and indirect selection for grain yield in oats (avena sativa L.) (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 407-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; grain yield ; direct selection for yield ; indirect selection for yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Direct and indirect selection for increased grain yield were carried out on a population of 678 F2-derived lines of oats. A selection intensity of 10% was used with direct selection (selection for grain yield itself) and with indirect selection using three criteria, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and the index of harvest index + vegetative growth rate. Expected gains from 1978 evaluations were compared to actual gains measured in 1980. Actual grain yield increases were 4, 8, 7, and 6% from selection via harvest index, vegetative growth rate, grain yield, and harvest index + vegetative growth rate, respectively. Thus, indirect selection via vegetative growth rate gave a greater increase in grain yield than did direct selection. Heritability values computed via components of variance ranged from 0.50 to0.57 for the three traits, harvest index, vegetative growth rate, and grain yield, whereas regression heritabilities ranged from 0.41 to 0.55. Realized heritabilities were 0.33, 1.00 and 0.89 for the three traits, respectively. Selection via all criteria caused significant changes in nearly all agronomic traits except weight per volume. Vegetative growth rate, which gave the greatest gain in grain yield, caused less drastic changes in days to anthesis, plant height, biological yield, and vegetative yield than did direct selection for grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021449
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of S1-recurrent selection for protein yield on seven agronomic traits of oat (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 70 (1993), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; grain yield ; straw yield ; test weight ; groat percent ; heading date ; oat ; protein yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three S1-recurrent selection programs (designated HG, HP, and HGP) for increasing protein yield of oat (Avena sativa L.) were conducted for five cycles of selection. The selection criteria in each program (line of descent) emphasized different components of protein yield; high grain yield in HG, both high protein concentration of the groats (caryopsis) and high grain yield in HP, and high protein yield per se in HGP. Heading date and height were restricted to no net change. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic performance of these three lines of descent and the correlated responses in agronomic traits due to selection. Thirty to sixty random S0-derived lines from each cycle and ten check lines were grown in hill-plot experiments at two locations in 1989. Grain yield increased in all three lines of descent; HG showed the greatest rate of gain followed by HGP and then HP (0.20, 0.10, and 0.07 Mg ha-1 per cycle, respectively). Test weight decreased in HGP by 2.6 kg m-3 per cycle and in HP by 4.0 kg m-3 per cycle, but remained constant in HG. Cycle 5 (C5) means for straw yield, height, and seed weight were not significantly different from the C0 means for any line of descent. Groat percent remained unchanged in HGP, increased from 70.1 to 71.7% in HG, and decreased from 69.9 to 67.6% in HP. Heading date decreased by 3 d in HG and HGP, but remained unchanged in HP. HG compares most favorably with commercial cultivars because of its high yield and acceptable agronomic traits, while HP tends to be low in test weight, seed weight, and groat percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029651
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