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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: stanozolol ; porphyria ; aplastic anaemia ; anabolic steroids ; haem biosynthesis ; monooxygenases ; cytochrome P 450 ; vascular thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stanozolol is an anabolic steroid which is used in the treatment of aplastic anaemia and has been recently advocated for the prophylaxis of vascular thrombosis. Similar steroid substances stimulate the activity of δ-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA S), the rate limiting enzyme of haem biosynthesis, in rat hepatocytes and chick embryo liver cell cultures and activate acute hepatic porphyria. In the present study stanozolol (10 mg daily for 14 days) has been shown to increase significantly leucocyte ALA S activity in 9 healthy male subjects. There was a concomitant rise in urinary ALA and total porphyrin excretion but no change in antipyrine kinetics or urinary 6 B hydroxycortisol excretion. In a complementary study in male Sprague Dawley rats, stanozolol administered intraperitoneally, produced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic ALA S activity without changing hepatic cytochrome P 450 content. Stanozolol has been clearly shown to elevate ALA S activity, probably directly, and, thereby, porphyrin production without affecting hepatic monooxygenase activity. This porphyrinogenic effect may be relevant to the successful treatment of aplastic anaemia with anabolic steroids. Leucocyte ALA S activity may provide a human system for the study of drug porphyrinogenicity in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Retinopathy ; insulin treated diabetes ; blood viscosity ; plasma viscosity ; haematocrit ; fibrinogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood viscosity (shear rates 100s-1 and 0.94 s-1) and several of its major determinants (haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen and plasma viscosity) have been measured in 38 male insulin-treated diabetics, aged 18–50 years, and in 38 non-diabetic control subjects matched for age and smoking habit. Diabetics without fundoscopic retinopathy (n=20) had higher mean blood viscosity than controls at the high shear rate (7.07 cP vs 6.75 cP, p〈0.05) and the low shear rate (21.2 cP vs 18.7 cP, p〈0.025). These differences persisted after correction of blood viscosity to a standard haematocrit, and were associated with increased plasma viscosity (1.41 cP vs 1.34 cP, p〈0.025) and plasma fibrinogen (2.9 g/L vs. 2.5 g/L, p〈0.025). Diabetics with retinopathy (n=18) had higher mean blood viscosity than diabetics without retinopathy at the high shear rate (7.53 cP vs 7.07 cP, p〈0.05) and the low shear rate (24.3 cP vs. 21.2 cP, p〈0.05), associated with a higher haematocrit (p〈0.05). Blood viscosity and haematocrit correlated with the duration of diabetes (r〉0.32, p〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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