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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 402-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: implantation ; assessed ; gradings ; improve ; irregularities ; equivalent ; comparing ; categories ; ablation ; deteriorate ; declined ; effective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent une méthode d'évaluation de la rétinopathie diabétique utilisant des photographies prises dans les conditions standard. — Cinq lésions caractéristiques de la rétinopathie diabétique, soit les micro-anévrysmes et hémorragies, les exsudats, les néovaisseaux et la rétinite proliférante, sont considérés séparément. Quatre photographies standard permettent une classification en cinq degrés de gravité. L'ensemble de ces photographies standard utilise un film de 20 diapositives de 35 mm Kodachrome. — Cette technique a fourni des résultats comparables durant une période d'essai, particulièrement lorsque les clichés étaient soumis à des observateurs familiers de ce procédé.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die mit Hilfe von Standard-Photographien des Augenhintergrundes eine zuverlässige Einstufung verschiedener Schweregrade der diabetogenen Retinopathie ermöglicht. — Dabei werden fünf ophthalmoskopische Besonderheiten diabetischer Fundusveränderungen (Mikroaneurysmen und Netzhautblutungen, Exsudatherde, Gefäßneubildungen, Veränderungen an den Netzhautvenen und Retinitis proliferans) voneinander unabhängig bewertet und jeweils in fünf Schweregrade eingeteilt. — Die Anwendung des beschriebenen Auswertungsmodus durch verschiedene erfahrene Untersucher ergab weitgehend übereinstimmende Beurteilungsergebnisse.
    Notes: Summary A method for grading diabetic retinopathy using standard photographs is described. — Five retinopathy components — microaneurysms and haemorrhages, exudates, new vessels, venous irregularities and retinitis proliferans — are treated independently and for each component, four standard photographs allow grading into five grades of severity. The whole set of standard photographs consists of twenty 35 mm Kodachrome transparencies. — During a trial the method gave consistent results, particularly in the hands of observers familiar with the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: implantation ; assessed ; gradings ; improve ; irregularities ; equivalent ; comparing ; categories ; ablation ; deteriorate declined ; effective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'évolution de la rétinopathie après implantation hypophysaire d'yttrium radioactif a été suivie pendant 1 à 7 ans (moyenne 2 ans) chez 60 diabétiques et évaluée à partir de photographies de la rétine et de mesures de l'acuité visuelle. — 2. Le degré d'hypopituitarisme provoqué (par trois doses différentes d'yttrium90) a varié et a été estimé par des tests de la fonction thyroïdienne et surrénale, en trois degrés de destruction: «maximale», «intermédiaire» et «légère». — 3. Dans tout le groupe, alors que les exsudats, la rétinite proliférante et l'acuité visuelle ne se sont pas améliorés, les hémorragies et les micro-anévrysmes, les néo-vaisseaux et les irrégularités veineuses se sont améliorés au bout d'un an et ont continué à s'améliorer jusqu'au dernier contrôle. — 4. En comparant les résultats, soit après un an, soit au contrôle final, les effets de la destruction «maximale» ou «intermédiaire» de l'hypophyse se montrèrent équivalents, mais nettement supérieurs à ceux de la destruction «légère». En particulier les hémorragies et les microanévrysmes ont montré une amélioration égale après l'implantation, dans les trois catégories de destruction. Les néo-vaisseaux se sont améliorés également dans les catégories de destruction «maximale» et «intermédiaire», mais non dans la catégorie «légère». Les irrégularités veineuses se sont améliorées de manière perceptible seulement après la destruction «maximale». La rétinite proliférante s'est aggravée dans les trois catégories de destruction, bien que la destruction «maximale» fut plus efficace que la «légère» pour la prévention de nouvelles lésions. L'acuité visuelle a décliné seulement dans la catégorie «légère».
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 60 Patienten wurde der Verlauf der diabetischen Retinopathie nach Implantation von Yttrium90 1–7 Jahre lang (im Mittel 2 Jahre) verfolgt. Die Beurteilung wurde nach der Sehschärfenmessung und Photographien des Augenhintergrundes vorgenommen. — 2. Der Grad der therapeutisch erzeugten Hypophysenunterfunktion (durch 3 verschiedene Yttrium90 Dosen) war unterschiedlich. Durch Prüfung der Schilddrüsenund Nebennierenfunktion wurde der Grad der Schädigung als „maximal“, „mittel“ und „leicht“ eingestuft. — 3. Während sich bei der Gesamtgruppe die Exsudate, die Retinitis proliferans und die Sehschärfe nicht besserten, kam es zu einer Besserung der Blutungen und Mikroaneurysmen, der Gefäßneubildungen und Venenunregelmäßigkeiten nach einem Jahr. Diese Besserung nahm bis zu der letzten Nachuntersuchung noch zu. — 4. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse nach einem Jahr oder auch bei der letzten Untersuchung, schienen die Effekte der „maximalen“ und „mittleren“ Hypophysenschädigung gleich zu sein, doch waren sie deutlich ausgeprägter gegenüber der „leichten“ Schädigung. Im einzelnen betrachtet zeigten die Blutungen und Mikroaneurysmen nach der Implantation bei allen drei Gruppen die gleiche Besserung. Die Gefäßneubildungen besserten sich in der „maximalen“ und „mittleren“ Schädigungsgruppe gleich, jedoch nicht in der „leichten“ Gruppe. Die Venenunregelmäßigkeiten besserten sich erkennbar nur nach „maximaler“ Schädigung der Hypophyse. Die Retinitis proliferans verschlechterte sich in allen drei Gruppen, obwohl die „maximale“ Gruppe weniger neue Schäden erkennen ließ als die „leichte“. Die Sehschärfe nahm nur in der „leichten“ Gruppe weiter ab.
    Notes: Summary 1. The progress of the retinopathy after pituitary implantation has been followed for 1–7 years (mean 2 years) in 60 diabetic patients and assessed from gradings of the retinal photographs and visual acuity measurements. — 2. The degree of hypopituitarism induced (by three different yttrium90 dosages) had varied and has been assessed by tests of thyroid and adrenal function into three grades of ablation, “maximal”, “intermediate” and “slight”. — 3. In the whole group, while exudates, retinitis proliferans and visual acuity did not improve, haemorrhages and microaneurysms, new vessels and venous irregularities had improved after 1 year, and these continued improving up to the latest assessment. — 4. On comparing the outcome at either 1 year or the final assessment, the effects of “maximal” or “intermediate” pituitary ablation appeared equivalent, but clearly superior to “slight” ablation. In particular, haemorrhages and microaneurysms showed equal improvement postimplant in all three ablation categories. New vessels improved in the “maximal” and “intermediate” ablation categories equally, but not in the “slight” category. Venous irregularities improved discernibly only after “maximal” ablation. Retinitis proliferans deteriorated in all three ablation categories, although “maximal” was more effective than “slight” in preventing new lesions. Visual acuity declined only in the “slight” category.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: millimeter-wave radiation ; BHK-21/C13 cells in monolayer culture ; quantitative autoradiography ; ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis ; protein synthesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A method has been devised whereby both the thermal and possible athermal biological effects resulting from microwave radiation can be assessed. Monolayer cultures of BHK-21/C13 cells were grown on microwave-transparent polystyrene coverslips, placed directly on the open end of a wave guide, and irradiated for 1 hour. In experiments seeking athermal biological effects of millimeter waves, culture medium was continuously recirculated over the cells to prevent temperature increases greater than 0.1 °C. Incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA and of 3H-methionine into protein was quantified by measurement of optical densities of the autoradiographs in contiguous rectangular regions corresponding to portions of the cell monolayer immediately above the wave guide aperture and lying along its longer axis. Since power density was shown to vary with position along this axis according to a cosine2 relationship, it was possible to assess the extent of microwave effects on macromolecular synthesis at power densities ranging from zero at each edge to twice the average power density at the center of the waveguide.Monolayer cultures maintained at 37.2 °C by recirculation of the medium did not show microwave-induced changes in synthesis of RNA and protein (41.8 or 74.0 GHz at average power densities of 320 or 450 mW/cm2, respectively). Since macromolecular synthesis was examined both during and after irradiation, our results exclude both transient and persistent athermal biological effects of acute exposure to millimeter waves. In contrast, irradiation of cultures incubated in a small volume of nonrecirculated medium resulted in 1) marked heating of the monolayer, 2) a graded decline in macromolecular synthesis with increasing incident power, and 3), in some cases, destruction of the cell monolayer in the region immediately above the center of the waveguide aperture.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: protein synthesis ; quantitative autoradiography ; BHK-21/C13 cells ; millimeter-wave radiation ; frequency-specific biological effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A method recently developed in this laboratory has been used to directly expose BHK-21/C13 cells to high levels of microwave radiation without significant microwave-induced heating (≤ 0.1 °C). Monolayer cultures were grown on microwave-transparent polystyrene coverslips, placed on the open end of a wave guide, and maintained at 37.2 °C during irradiation at frequencies in both the E- and U-bands (average power densities 292 and 177 mW/cm2, respectively). Effects of microwave radiation were assessed at 0.1 GHz increments in the ranges of 38-48 GHz and 65-75 GHz. Protein synthesis was measured in quadruplicate cultures that were allowed to incorporate labeled methionine during the 15-minute period of microwave irradiation. Autoradiographs of each monolayer culture were scanned along the region corresponding to the longer axis of the wave guide aperture using a microdensitometer to quantify incorporation. Since microwave power incident on the cells was previously shown to vary along this axis according to a cosine2 relationship from zero at each edge of the wave guide to twice the average power density at the center of the wave guide, this technique should reveal biological effects that might only be manifested in narrow amplitude domains or “power windows.” Observations of protein synthesis in monolayer cultures irradiated at 202 closely spaced frequencies in the E- and U-bands failed to reveal changes associated with microwave exposure. Thus no evidence was obtained in support of the existence of frequency-specific athermal biological effects of microwaves. In addition, no support was found for the existence of amplitude-specific “power windows”.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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