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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal stability of cobalt silicide stripes on Si (001) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3089-3095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The effect of lateral scaling on the thermal stability of cobalt disilicide has been investigated on Si (001) substrates. Resistance measurements on four terminal resistors, with linewidth dimensions ranging from 1.3 to 0.5 μm, have been performed after annealing in the range between 900 and 1000 °C. The resistance increases faster in the stripes than in blanket regions. This degradation process has been correlated to the morphological change in the strip cross section, as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Grain growth, degradation processes at the line edge, and surface and interface roughness have been observed. These analyses show that the lateral constraints of the silicide lines are mainly responsible for the lowering of the silicide thermal stability compared with blanket regions. Moreover, from measurements of agglomerated silicide grains in equilibrium with the substrate, the silicide surface free energy is 2.3 times the free energy of the CoSi2/Si interface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371172
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural relationship of polycrystalline cobalt silicide lines to (001) silicon substrate (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2924-2926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A local investigation of the structural properties of polycrystalline CoSi2 strips onto (001) Si wafers has been performed by transmission electron microscopy. CoSi2 crystal grains exhibit different behavior depending upon their position within the line. Grains close to the center of the strip are randomly oriented, while most of the grains at the edge of the strip grow epitaxially, obeying three different epitaxial relationships. Some of these grains maintain the substrate orientation with the presence of twin defects. High-resolution analysis demonstrates the presence of misfit dislocations at the CoSi2/Si interface, which accommodates the lattice mismatch. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125191
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Improvement of CoSi2 thermal stability by cavity formation (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3419-3421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We propose a method to improve the thermal stability of thin CoSi2 layers on polycrystalline silicon substrates. Nitrogen atoms have been implanted at 55 keV to a dose of 5×1015/cm2 through a 70 nm silicide layer in order to locate the implanted peak near the silicide/silicon interface. The large band of cavities created at the interface has extended the thermal stability window by 125 °C with respect to the standard process. The improvement has been related to the silicide grain-boundary pinning due to the increase of the interface free energy contribution. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1420785
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of N-induced heterogeneous nucleation and growth of cavities at the CoSi2/polycrystalline–silicon interface (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: N-induced cavity nucleation at the CoSi2/Si interface has been investigated for different doses and its influence on improving the thermal stability of the silicide layer up to 1075 °C has been detailed. The N-implant energy and doses have been chosen in such a way that the projected range (Rp) was near the interface and the underlying polycrystalline silicon substrate was completely amorphized. After a thermal treatment of 975 °C, it has been found that the cavity density depends on the dose, but the cavity size is dose independent. The cavity density should be enough to saturate the silicide grain boundaries but not so high to neglect ripening and coalescence. A density of 2.5×1010 cavities/cm2 has been measured at a nitrogen dose of 7×1015/cm2 corresponding to a partial saturation of the silicide grain boundaries and to the higher stability gain (150 °C). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1488697
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reactions of triplet carbenes with sulfides and disulfides: ylide vs. radical formation (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 3024-3028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a035
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in the natural course of HCV-related disease in patients with haemophilia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary.  Patients with haemophilia show high prevalence of hepatitis C infection but low rate of progressive liver disease when they are not co-infected with HIV. The balance between host immune system and hepatitis C virus (HCV) variability seems to play a major role in the evolution of the HCV-related disease. To address this point we have studied, in a group of selected patients with haemophilia, the composition and in some cases the evolution, of the highest variable envelope gene within the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the HCV, which is the region more directly exposed to the host immune response. Five of 12 patients show a very high homogeneity of the HVR1 and four of those had severe progressive liver disease. These results seem to confirm the major role of the immunity in driving the variability of the HCV rather than the high degree of different HCV strains to which haemophiliacs have been in touch with, during their long-term replacement therapy. Our results seem in keeping with other studies on different type of patients, where a low degree of quasispecies variability has been demonstrated in relationship with the progression and the severity of their liver disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00846.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Review article: chronic hepatitis C – natural history and cofactors (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Chronic hepatitis C is highly heterogeneous in clinical presentation and outcomes.This heterogeneity is largely related to host factors that have been clearly proven to affect the severity and rapidity of disease progression. The most relevant factors that have been shown to accelerate progression to cirrhosis include age at infection, alcohol abuse and the metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance, obesity and hepatic steatosis.Co-infection with HIV and/or HBV also increases the risk of progression to cirrhosis and to hepatocellular carcinoma.Surprisingly enough, viral related factors appear as less important and neither the virus genotype and load have been found to exert a clear influence on disease severity and progression, although more data in this field, and particularly on the role of different viral proteins in causing cytopathic effects, are awaited and may change this view in the near future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02602.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the crystal structure of pumpellyite (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 25 (1969), S. 2276-2281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740869005565
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal structure of rinkite (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 27 (1971), S. 1277-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056774087100387X
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of structure factors in the refinement of unit-cell parameters from powder diffraction data (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is described for the least-squares refinement of lattice constants from powder diffraction data. This method differs from the other analogous methods mainly because it takes into account, for the indexing of the observed peaks, also the structure factors of the reflexions hkl. The refinement is carried out on the weighted observed peaks where the weight wO depends on (1) an individual standard error which takes into account the peculiarities of the peak, and (2) a parabolic function of the &thgr;O value. The description of a computer program based on this method is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011643
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