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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 38 (1976), S. 46-68 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 44 (1993), S. 27-37 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 94 (1986), S. 205-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Na,K-ATPase ; vanadate ; rubidium ; shark rectal gland ; ouabain ; cAMP ; theophylline ; furosemide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Scatchard analysis of3H ouabain bound to isolated rectal gland cells as a function of increasing ouabain concentrations produced a concave curvilinear plot that was resolved into two specific sites with either a high (I) or low (II) affinity for ouabain. Cyclic cAMP/theophylline (±furosemide, 10−4 m) increased the amount of3H ouabain bound to the high-affinity site I. Vanadate, a phosphate congener which promotes formation of the ouabain-binding state of the enzyme, mimicked the effects of cAMP/theophylline at low concentrations of ouabain, suggesting that cAMP/theophylline increases binding to site I by enhancing the rate of turnover of resident enzyme. Enhanced86Rb uptake seen following cAMP/theophylline administration was primarily associated with increased flux through the high-affinity ouabain site, and this stimulation was not obliterated by the co-administration of furosemide. A model was presented which suggested the presence of two noninteracting pools of enzyme or isozymes which exhibit either a high or low affinity for ouabain. Cyclic AMP both stimulated turnover via site I, and modified the kinetics of binding of3H ouabain to site II. The (ave)K d of3H ouabain for site II was increased from 3.6 μm (controls) to 0.5 μm (cAMP/theophylline) and the Hill coefficient was modified from 0.45 (controls) to 1.12 (caMP/theophylline), suggesting a transition from a negative- to a noncooperative binding state. While furosemide reversed the effects of cAMP/theophylline on site II kinetics, it did not obliterate cAMP/theophylline effects on site I. This suggests that cAMP may alter the intrinsic turnover rate of this particular pool of Na,K-ATPase in shark rectal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Essential hypertension ; Renin angiotensin aldosterone system ; Bodyweight ; Blood pressure in childhood ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System ; Körpergewicht ; Blut-druck beim Kind
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden 294 Nachkommen (5–34 Jahre) essentieller Hypertoniker bezüglich Blutdruck, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System and anderer kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren wie Glukose, Cholesterin und Triglyzeride untersucht und mit 122 Nachkommen (5–34 Jahre) normotoner Eltern verglichen. Dabei zeigte sich, daß Nachkommen essentieller Hypertoniker im Mittel statistisch signifikant höhere systolische und diastolische Blutdruckwerte zeigten als solche normotoner Eltern (p〈0,003 bzw. 0,005). Weiter ließ sich bei Kindern hypertoner Eltern im Mittel ein signifikant höheres Körpergewicht und ein größerer Body-Mass-Index beobachten als im Kontrollkollektiv (p〈0,006 bzw. 0,001). Mit Ausnahme statistisch signifikant niedrigerer Ruhe-Plasma-Aldosteronwerte (p〈0,002) bei Kindern essentieller Hypertoniker ließen sich zwischen beiden Kollektiven keine Unterschiede im Stimulationsaldosteron, in der Ruhe- und Stimulations-Plasma-Renin-Aktivität und im Plasmacortisol nachweisen. Ebenfalls zeigten die beiden Kollektive bezüglich der anderen untersuchten Parametern wie Kreatinin, Glukose, Cholesterin und Triglyzeride keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. Weiterhin wurden in der vorliegenden Untersuchung 41 hypertone Elternteile, 65 (normotone) Ehepartner von Hypertonikern und 47 (normotone) Eltern von Kontrollkindern untersucht. Erwarungsgemäß zeigten Hypertoniker statistisch signifikant höhere Blutdruckwerte als ihre Ehepartner und die Kontrolleltern (p〈0,001). Interessanterweise zeigten die hypertonen Eltern nicht nur einen höheren Body-Mass-Index als Kontrolleltern sondeern auch als Ehepartner (p〈0,01 bzw. 〈0,02). Diese Befunde stützen eine vorwiegend genetische Disposition als zugrundeliegende Ursache des höheren Körpergewichtsverhaltens und lassen eine vermehrte Nahrungsmittelaufnahme in Hypertonikerfamilien eher als unwahrscheinlich erscheinen. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie legen es nahe, daß durch eine möglichst frühzeitige Kontrolle des Körpergewichtsverhaltens bei Nachkommen essentieller Hypertoniker ein Beitrag zur Primärprävention der Hochdruckkrankheit geleistet werden kann.
    Notes: Summary In the present study, blood pressure, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and other cardiovascular risk factors, such as glucose, cholesterine, and triglycerides, were investigated in 294 offspring of essential hypertensives (5–34 years) and in 122 children of normotensive parents (5–34 years). Offspring of essential hypertensives showed statistically significant higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure values than those of normotensive parents (p〈0.003, 〈0.005, respectively). Furthermore, in children of hypertensive parents a statistically significant higher body weight and body mass index than in controls could be observed (p〈0.006, 〈0.001, respectively). With the exception of statistically significant, lower mean supine plasma aldosterone values (p〈0.02) in children of hypertensive parents, no major differences between the two groups were seen in stimulated aldosterone, supine and stimulated plasma renin activity, and plasma cortisol. Furthermore, in the present study, 41 hypertensive parents, 65 (normotensive) spouses of hypertensives, and 47 (normotensive) parents of control children were investigated. As expected, hypertensive parents showed statistically significant higher blood pressure values than parents of control children and their spouses (p〈0.001). Interestingly, hypertensive parents had not only a higher body mass index than control parents but also than their spouses (p〈0.01 and 〈0.02, respectively). These findings support a genetic disposition as being the underlying cause of higher body weight in hypertensives and make it less probable that a higher food intake in hypertensive families is responsible for this phenomenon. The results of the present study indicate that early body weight control in children of hypertensive parents may be an important contribution to the prevention of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 570-572 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Anoxic injury ; mitochondrial respiration ; renal medulla ; acute renal failure ; renal metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In brain1, heart2 and kidney3, cell work in the absence of oxygen has been thought to precipitate anoxic damage by increasing the rate of depletion of cellular energy stores. In the medullary thick ascending limb of isolated perfused rat kidneys, however, reduction of ATP synthesis by a variety of mitochondrial or metabolic inhibitors caused ATP depletion comparable to that produced by oxygen deprivation but did not reproduce the lesions of anoxia. In these cells, unrestrained mitochondrial activity may be an important source of anoxic injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 30 (1985), S. 193-194 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 30 (1985), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Coronary heart disease and the risk factors which predispose to it aggregate in families. How much of this clustering of disease is “explained” by the familial resemblance in predisposing factors? The published reports which bear on this question fall into six distinct study designs: prospective studies, persons at high or low risk or persons with and without a positive family history as points of departure, case-control studies, studies of patients who had a coronary angiogram and studies in different ethnic groups. The findings of the 16 investigations reviewed suggest that there are as yet unidentified factors — genetic, environmental or both — which are responsible for familial clustering of coronary heart disease, apart from the three main risk factors (serum lipids, blood pressure, smoking) and diabetes. Future research must put greater emphasis on studies of families rather than individuals and on closer collaboration between epidemiogists and geneticists, in order to fill these gaps in knowledge. It is likely that the individual predisposition to coronary heart disease is due in part to genetic influences which remain to be discovered in the course of such studies. They would help in identifying susceptible persons in the population with greater precision than is now possible. The “high-risk strategy” of coronary heart disease prevention will become more efficient as more specific and sensitive tests of disease prediction are developed. In the meantime, preventive programmes must be put into action on the basis of what is already known, on the level of both the high-risk and the community-wide mass strategy.
    Notes: Resumé Les cardiopathies coronariennes et leurs facteurs prédisposants présentent une aggrégation familiale. Dans quelle mesure cette aggrégation est-elle expliqué par les similitudes familiales à l'égard prédisposants? Les travaux publiés traitant cette question présentent six designs différents: étude prospective, personne à haut ou bas risque, personne avec et sans histoire familiale positive, étude cas-contrôle, étude de patients ayant eu une angiographie coronarienne, étude de différents groupes ethniques. Les résultats de seize recherches examinées suggèrent qu'il existe des facteurs non encore identifiés (génétiques, environnementaux ou les deux) qui sont responsables de l'aggrégation familiale des cardiopathies coronariennes, s'ajoutant aux trois facteurs de risque principaux (lipides sériques, pression sanguine, tabagisme) et au diabète. De façon à compléter nos connaissances dans ce domaine, les travaux futurs devront porter plus d'attention à l'étude des familles (plutôt qu'à celle des individus), et accroître la collaboration entre épidémiologues et généticiens. Il est vraisemblable que la prédisposition individuelle aux cardiopathies coronariennes est partiellement due à un facteur génétique, celui-ci restant à découvrir. L'identification des personnes à risque dans la population pourrait être faite avec une meilleure précision qu'aujourd'hui. La “stratégie du haut risque” de la prévention des cardiopathies deviendrait plus efficace par le développement de tests prédictifs plus sensibles et plus spécifiques. Dans l'entre-temps, des programmes de prévention doivent être implantés sur la base de ce que l'on sait déjà, en utilisant à la fois une stratégie du “haut risque” et une stratégie axée sur la population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 22 (1977), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 24 (1979), S. 296-296 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary and Conclusions 1) Height, weight and body mass are strong determinants of BP in children. In children of same height, there is no correlation between BP and age. In contrast, BP correlates strongly with both weight and body mass, but only weakly with triceps skinfold thickness. 2) Tracking of BP is detectable in childhood. 3) Severe elevation of BP in childhood is rare and screening studies for detection of hypertension are not warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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