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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (25)
  • 1990-1994  (25)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6241-6243 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The crystallization process and magnetic properties of Fe–P–C–Cu–Ge–Si amorphous alloys were investigated. After annealing above the crystallization temperature, the bcc Fe particles, with nanoscale grain size, precipitated in the amorphous alloy for a wide P concentration range. The volume ratio of the bcc Fe phase to amorphous was about 30%. The mixed phase of these alloys shows a drastic decrease of coercive force (Hc) and particle diameter (d) as P concentration increases. The lowest Hc was obtained for Fe78P16C2Cu0.5Ge3Si0.5, and Hc and d were 1.8 A/m and 16 nm, respectively. Observation by in situ Lorentz scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the width of magnetic domains were 0.01 or 0.1 mm and the domain walls with smaller bcc Fe particles moved in a weaker magnetic field than those with larger ones. So the low Hc is attributed to the decrease of magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by fine structures. The core loss of fine crystalline Fe–P–C–Cu–Si–Mo alloy, W14/50, was 0.22 W/kg after annealing under a magnetic field of 2.4 kA/m.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Elastic and thermal properties of Au/Ni superlattices have been investigated by x-ray diffraction on a synchrotron radiation source at the Photon Factory. An elastic response of [Au(10 A(ring))/Ni(10 A(ring))]50 to hydrostatic pressure generated by a diamond anvil cell has been measured in the layer-stacking direction. Its compressibility obtained from the pressure dependence of its superlattice period (Λ vs P) shows an anomalously small value compared with either bulk Au or Ni metal. Linear thermal expansions has also been measured by a similar method (Λ vs T). A significant anisotropic behavior between the layer-stacking and in-plane direction was found in both [Au(10 A(ring))/Ni(10 A(ring))]50 and [Au(4 A(ring))/Ni(4 A(ring))]210.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1952-1955 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A CuO/MgO epitaxial artificially superstructured film [CuO(50 A(ring))/MgO(40 A(ring))]40 was successfully grown and its structure was studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The film was found to have a texture in which the (111) planes of monoclinic CuO and the (001) planes of cubic MgO were layered perpendicular to the film plane. Its lateral structure was revealed by precession photographs where the CuO [101¯] axis is oriented approximately along the MgO [100] axis in the film plane. The XRD pattern, observed over a wide range of scattering vectors perpendicular to the film plane, was carefully analyzed by an extended step model. The fluctuation of the superlattice period was estimated to be as small as 1 A(ring).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: In order to obtain reliable data on d values and integrated intensities, an imaging plate (IP) has been applied to high-pressure diffraction experiments with a diamond anvil cell using synchrotron radiation. The IP was found to be more effective than a conventional x-ray film by a factor of 30, and more effective than an energy dispersive method by several times. In order to integrate the intensity data on the IP, a histogram method was successfully developed. This combination proved to give a lattice constant with relative accuracy of 2×10−4, and observed integrated intensities which excellently agree with calculated ones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1401-1403 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A ZnSe/ZnSSe blue semiconductor laser was demonstrated to show very low threshold by direct photopumping of the ZnSe active layer. The lowest threshold at the excitation wavelength of 445 nm was 10 kW/cm2 at 300 K which is equivalent to the current density of 3.6 kA/cm2. This is the lowest threshold ever reported in II-VI photopumped lasers and is approaching the theoretically calculated threshold. The characteristic temperature of the threshold, which characterizes the temperature dependence of the threshold in the exponential form, was 124 K up to the measured 400 K and was comparable to III-V double-heterostructure lasers. The differential quantum efficiency remained the similar level up to 400 K and its decrease observed at 400 K was within 23% of the efficiency at 300 K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computing 44 (1990), S. 47-57 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Schlagwort(e): 65G10 ; 65K10 ; Interval analysis ; multicriterion optimization ; multiobjective optimization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei der Bestimmung des globalen Optimums werden in der Vektoroptimierung intervallanalytische Methoden angewendet. Hier diskutieren wir Optimierungsprobleme, bei denen mehrere Zielfunktionen in Konfliktsituationen optimiert werden müssen.
    Notizen: Abstract Interval Analysis methods have been applied for obtaining the global optimum of the multimodal multivariable functions. We discuss here the multicriterion optimization problem, where several objective functions must be optimized in conflicting situations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 81 (1994), S. 502-505 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Although calcium is the most abundant inorganic constituent of the bone, indispensable for the maintenance of its physical strength, the role of calcium nutrition in the development of osteoporosis and the preventive and therapeutic significance of calcium supplementation in osteoporosis have been matters of intense controversy. The wide difference in the baseline nutritional intake of calcium among different groups and the variation in age of the patients studied may have been contributory factors. Emphasis has so far been placed on the rapid bone loss in the immediate postmenopausal period predominantly influenced by estrogen deficiency which has overshadowed the effect of calcium. The strong dependence of the effect of calcium preparation used tends to be forgotten. In the present study employing oyster shell electrolysate as the calcium source in patients with a mean age of approximately 80 years, bone mineral density was kept significantly higher than in age-matched, non-supplemented patients over a period of 2 years. In separate experimental studies, rats maintained on 2% calcium showed higher bone mineral content and lived longer than did controls maintained on 1% calcium. Age-associated deterioration of renal function and hyperlipidemia were also prevented by calcium supplementation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Mast cell ; Quick-freezing ; Compound 48/80 ; X-ray microanalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract X-ray microanalysis was performed on rat mast cells prepared by quick-freezing, cryosectioning and freeze-drying (QF-FD) method, or quick-freezing and freeze-substitution (QF-FS) method. Peritoneal cells including mast cells were stimulated with compound 48/80 for 0, 10 or 30 s at 17° C, and the mast cells stimulated for 30 s started exocytosis. In X-ray spectra of the QF-FD specimen, mast cells stimulated for 10 s increased their levels of phosphorus, sodium and chlorine in the intergranular cytoplasm prior to exocytosis, and kept this increase until 30 s after stimulation. In the QF-FS specimen, where soluble elements were removed, peaks of phosphorus, sulphur and potassium could be detected as elements in X-ray spectra. Phosphorus increased and potassium decreased in intergranular cytoplasm of mast cells stimulated for 10 s, and these changes became more obvious after 30 s. However, supplemental increase of other cations such as sodium could not be detected in the QF-FS specimens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Mast cell ; Compound 48/80 ; Ultrastructure ; Quick-freezing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The ultrastructure of mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 was examined by quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) or freeze-substitution (QF-FS) methods. Peritoneal cells including mast cells of adult male rats were stimulated in vitro with compound 48/80 at 17° C for 0, 10, 30, 60 or 180 s. The QF-DE replicas revealed that the mast cells stimulated with compound 48/80 for 30 s decreased filamentous actin around secretory granules. In the QF-FS specimens, perigranular membranes in mast cells stimulated for 60 s formed pentalaminar structures between adjacent granules in their cytoplasm prior to degranulation. These findings suggest that preparatory states for degranulation occur in the whole cytoplasm of stimulated mast cells at early stages. Moreover, both QF-FS specimens and QF-DE replicas revealed a compact morphological appearance of discharged granules in the extra-cellular space, indicating the existence of considerable content within the granules. Skeletal structures in the granules were also demonstrated on QF-DE replicas prepared after extracting soluble elements from the cytoplasm. It is suggested that the granular contents associated with the skeletal structures are gradually detached from the discharged granules to ensure local concentration in the tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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