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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 30 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We report 14 biopsy cases of granular cell tumours (GCT) of the central nervous system (CNS) outside the pituitary gland. In six cases the granular cells determined the morphology (actual GCT), the other eight consisted of different CNS tumours with a varying granular cell component. Pronounced immunoreactivity for ubiquitin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin could be found in all investigated tumours, while GFAP, neuron specific enolase, von Willebrand factor, vimentin, S-100 protein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, actin, and the neurofilaments 68 kDa and 160 kDa showed mostly weak positivity in some cases. Four out of eight GCT showed no immunoreactivity for MIB1; the other four cases had a proliferation index between 0.5% and 15%. Six out of nine cases were positive for p53. We consider granular cells to originate from different cell types. Thus, although morphologically identical, GCT are actually biologically heterogeneous. GCT of the CNS may represent gliomas of mostly astrocytic origin with a metabolically induced transformation of some tumour cells into granular cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 379-379 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 394-399 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Lissencephaly ; Agyria ; Neuronal migration ; Miller-Dieker syndrome ; Walker-Warburg syndrome ; Congenital muscular dystrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The neuropathological findings at autopsy in four cases of type I and three of type II lissencephaly are presented. Type I lissencephaly is characterized by agyriapachygyria with a markedly thickened cerebral cortex with four coarse histological layers. The normally myelinated white matter, often with neuronal heterotopias, is very narrow, and the gray-to-white matter ratio is inverted (about 4:1); there are no white-gray interdigitations. Claustrum and capsula extrema are absent. Ventricular dilatation is present, especially of the occipital horns. In the hypoplastic brain stem large olivary heterotopias can often be observed. Severe cerebellar malformations, obstructive hydrocephalus, severe eye abnormalities, and congenital muscular dystrophy are not seen. Clinically, type I lissencephaly presents as “isolated lissencephaly sequence” or as “Miller-Dieker syndrome” with characteristic facial dysmorphism. The long survival of 20 years achieved by one of our patients is very uncommon. Type II lissencephaly is characterized by widespread agyria. Usually, obstructive hydrocephalus is present with a thin cerebral mantle showing a slightly thickened cortex and a narrow, hypomyelinated white matter often with neuronal heterotopias (gray-to-white matter ratio about 1:1). The border between gray and white matter is blurred. Claustrum and capsula extrema are absent. Histologically, the cortex appears disorganized without layering; widespread leptomeningeal gliomesenchymal proliferations and glioneuronal heterotopias are present. Hydrocephalus is caused by obstruction of the subarachnoid space, aqueductal stenosis, and Dandy-Walker malformation. The latter is a typical finding in type II lissencephaly together with severe cerebellar cortical dysplasias. Aplasia of the olfactory nerves, gliotic fusion of the frontal lobes, and an occipital cephalocele may be found. Type II lissencephaly occurs in clinical syndromes with severe eye abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophy (the so-called “Walker-Warburg syndrome”). The congenital muscular dystrophies have no dystrophin deficiency, as we were able to show immunohistochemically in the muscle biopsies of two further patients with this syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 421-421 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Walker-Warburg syndrome ; Ophthalmological findings ; Retinal dysplasia ; Rieger's anomaly ; Peters' anomaly ; Pseudoglioma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ocular symptoms are frequently observed in Walker-Warburg (WWS) and associated syndromes. The majority of patients present with malformations of the anterior segment and severe retinal dysplasia. We report on the findings in a female patient with WWS who died at the age of 9 months. Major ocular findings were: severe iridocorneal malformation, a membran-like structure of the lens and funnel-shaped retinal dysplasia. The retina presented various grades of differentiation with rosettes and atypical sequences of cells, e.g. ganglion cells intermingled between granular layers. The anterior part of the retina presented as a primitive homogeneous layer with a cell-free space that might be interpreted as the primary optic ventricle. This finding suggests that we are dealing with a primary dysplastic non-attachment rather than a real detachment of the retina in WWS. The malformation of the anterior segment was not typical of the Peters' anomaly, as usually described in WWS, but of Rieger's syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Malignant Hyperthermia ; Latent Myopathy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die maligne Hyperthermie ist charakterisiert durch einen rapiden Anstieg der Körpertemperatur, Muskelkontraktionen und zunehmende Hypoxie. Sie ist eine moderne Narkosekomplikation mit einem sehr hohen Letalitätsrisiko von über 60%. Da über die morphologischen Veränderungen bei maligner Hyperthermie sehr wenig bekannt ist, wurden an Muskelbiopsien von 3 Patienten mit maligner Hyperthermie und einem sog. Risikopatienten histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Histologisch zeigten sich akute Muskelfasernekrosen, außerdem wurden Hinweise für eine latente Myopathie erhoben. Histochemisch ergab sich, daß beide Muskelfasertypen I und II befallen waren. Mit der Phosphorylase-Reaktion konnten auch bei Fasern, die bei üblicher histologischer Bearbeitung unauffällig waren, pathologische Veränderungen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch konnten neben einer akuten Rhabdomyolyse eine Erweiterung der Zisternen des sarkoplasmatischen Beticulums und eine eigentümliche Einrollung bzw. Wucherung des Sarkolemms beobachtet werden. Die Befunde unterstützen die pathogenetische Vorstellung anderer Autoren, daß dieses Syndrom, das durch Inhalationsnarcotica und Muskelrelaxantien (Halothan bzw. Succinylcholin) ausgelöst wird, auf der Grundlage eines Defektes caloiumspeichernder Membranen des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums beruht. Wegen des familiären Auftretens dieser Komplikation sollte angestrebt werden, klinische, laborchemische und morphologische Untersuchungen auch bei den Verwandten solcher Patienten zum Ausschluß einer derartigen latenten Myopathie durchzuführen.
    Notizen: Summary Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but severe complication of modern anesthesia, induced by halothane and succinylcholine. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid sustained and extreme rise in body temperature associated with muscular rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnoea and cyanosis. The lethality is about 60%. The present paper describes the histological, histochemical and electron microscopical findings performed on muscle biopsies of 3 patients with malignant hyperthermia (1 patient died) and a so called risk patient. In all patients morphological findings consistent with a pre-existent myopathy were found. Histologioally there were acute necrotic muscular fibers as well as in types I and II, variations in the fiber diameter and centralization of the nuclei. In two cases even fibers that had a normal aspect in HE slides, showed a pathologic pattern after phosphorylase reaction. In addition to acute rhabdomyolysis, electron-microscopic investigations revealed cystic expansion of the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar proliferation of the sarcolemma. In a degenerating mitochondrium, a crystalline inclusion was identified. These findings support the pathogenetic concept of Britt and coworkers of a functional defect in the calcium release or binding mechanism of sareoplasmic reticulum. Since it is known that malignant hyperthermia has a familial predilection, it seems very important that clinical, biochemical, and morphological investigations be performed such as CPK estimations and muscular biopsies not only of the patients but also of the relatives in order to rule out this type of latent myopathy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 263-275 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): GFAP ; Medulloblastoma ; Pineoblastoma ; Cerebral Neuroblastoma ; Medulloepithelioma ; Small-cell Glioma of Cerebellum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Investigation of GFAP in 50 medulloblastomas showed a few GFAP-positive tumour cells in 5 cases only; 17 tumours were negative, and 28 showed a “pseudopositivity”, i.e. GFAP-bearing cells were identified as reactive or degenerating astrocytes, intermingled with tumour elements. A high GFAP content was seen in 2 small-cell gliomas of the cerebellum, whereas 3 pineoblastomas, 2 neuroblastomas of CNS, and one medulloepithelioma were negative. GFAP is a very good method for identificating astrocytes, but does not seem to be reliable for identifying the origin of undifferentiated tumours such as medulloblastomas. In these neoplasms glial differentiation is lacking or extremely rare, GFAP-positivity being mostly an artifact. The investigation of small tumour samples or the positivity of a single cell are inadequate data for a correct evaluation of the findings, especially taking in mind that GFAP of degenerated astrocytes can be phagocytised by cells other than glial (e.g., macrophages, epithelial and meningioma cells). The importance of carefully checking the whole structure of the tumour is stressed, GFAP positivity or negativity being not a sufficient criterion for its nosological classification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 8 (1967), S. 76-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The lack of evidence of neuroectodermal differentiation in medulloblastomas as well as comparative morphological investigations of these tumors and all other non-teratomatous embryonic tumors of children, suggest the mesenchymal nature of medulloblastoma. This hypothesis is confirmed by the occurrence of authochtone reticulin fibers, of pseudoxanthomatous cells, of haemangio- and reticulosarcomatous areas, of cross-striated muscle fibers as well as the results of in vitro cultivation. The so-called “circumscribed arachnoidal sarcoma of cerebellum” is regarded as a differentiated medulloblastoma. The matrix of these tumors is the mesenchyma of the meninx primitiva, that, according toWeed, in rhomboencephalon shows no further differentiation in pia mater and arachnoidea, but remains of embryonic type. Finally, the relations between medulloblastomas and other “local-specific mesenchymal tumors of CNS” (lipomas, haemangioblastomas, microgliomas, et.) are briefly discussed.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende morphologische Untersuchungen zwischen den Medulloblastomen und den embryonalen Geschwülsten des Kindesalters erlauben die Feststellung, daß es sich beim Medulloblastom nicht um einen neuroektodermalen, sondern um einen mesenchymalen Tumor handelt. Diese Hypothese wird u. a. durch folgende Tatsache unterstützt: 1. endgültge Beweise einer neuroektodermalen Differenzierung der neoplastischen “Medulloblasten” fehlen; 2. bei vielen solcher Geschwülste sind autochtone Retikulinfasern, Pseudoxanthomzellen, Hämangio- und Reticulosarkomanteile sowie quergestreifte Muskelfasern vorhanden; 3. die Ergebnisse der Gewebezüchtung sprechen nicht für die neuroektodermale Herkunft der Geschwulstzellen. Das sogenannte “umschriebene Arachnoidealsarkom des Kleinhirns” (Foerster u.Gagel) ist nichts anderes als ein differenziertes, reifes Medulloblastom. Die Matrix dieser Geschwülste ist das embryonale Mesenchym der Meninx primitiva, das, nachWeed, im Rhombencephalon embryonal bleibt, ohne sich zu Pia mater und Arachnoidea weiter zu differenzieren. Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Medulloblastom und den übrigen “ortspezifischen mesenchymalen Geschwülsten des ZNS” (Lipome, Hämangioblastome, Mikrogliome usw.) sowie die zu den Meningeomen werden schlie\lich kurz erörtert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 105-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Pallido-luysio-nigral atrophy ; Motor neuron disease ; Ubiquitin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of motor neuron disease (MND) with pallido-luysio-nigral atrophy (PLNA) is reported. The 45-year-old male patient presented with lower motor neuron symptoms and signs of basal ganglia disturbance. He died after a progressive course of 7 months. Neuropathological examination revealed motor neuron loss at all spinal cord levels with sparing of Onuf's nucleus. Nerve cell loss and gliosis were also present in substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus. The presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions, a hallmark of most variants of MND, confirms this case as an example of MND. At immunoelectron microscopy the granules were distributed on filamentous material. The combination of clinically apparent PLNA with MND has only been described twice previously. The relationship of this syndrome to other forms of MND and its nosological placement are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Leukodystrophy ; Very long chain fatty acids ; Phytanic acid ; Peroxisomal disease ; Adrenoleukodystrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) were found to be markedly increased and phytanic acid was borderline above normal in formalin-fixed brain white matter of case with an unusual type of familial leukodystrophy with epitheloid cells as described previously by Gullotta et al. [Neuropädiatrie (1970) 2: 173–186]. Increased VLCFA in brain clearly demonstrate that the patient had suffered from a peroxisomal disease. This diagnosis is corroborated by ultrastructural findings in brain showing typical lamellar inclusions. The particular type of peroxisomal disorder present in case (heterozygote of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy?) remains speculative.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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