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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two new experimental approaches were established to analyse the influence of the thymus on tolerance induction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens: The aim of the first experiment was to perform successful transplantation of adult allogeneic thymus tissue into nude mice, an attempt that has been unsuccessful in the past. Tolerance for the MHC genotype of a prospective thymus graft recipient (A) was induced in mice of strain B by injection of (AxB) splenocytes during the neonatal period. Adult thymic tissue obtained from these allogeneic donors (B) were grafted into the nude mice of strain A. The allogeneic thymus was accepted by the nude mice and immunoreconstitution was achieved. Subsequently the recipients developed tolerance to the MHC antigens of the allogeneic thymus donor as proved by mixed lymphocyte cultures and the acceptance of skin grafts. The second experiment was designed to determine which la-positive thymic compartment participates in confering tolerance to MHC antigens in maturing T lymphocytes. Chimaeric thymus grafts were created by transplantation of neonatal thymus (A) into allogeneic nude mice (B) for a period of 8 weeks. The graft was populated with host bone marrow-derived la antigen-positive cells. The chimaeric thymuses consisting of type A epithelium but populated with both type A and B lymphocytes and non-lymphoid cells (i.e. la-positive maerophages and dendritic cells), were newly transplanted into nude mice of strain A. The engraftment led to immunological reconstitution and the nude mice acquired tolerance to the MHC antigens expressed by the allogeneic ta-positive cells populating the chimaeric graft. Irradiation ofthe chimacric thymus prior to transplantation allowed transplantation of chimaeric thymus devoid of living thymocytes but still populated with functionally intact la-positive non-lymphoid cells. Transplantation of irradiated chimaeric thymuses resulted in immunoreconstitution and induced exactly the same allotolerance pattern as described above. The results demonstrate that not thymus epithelial cells but a bone-marow-derived non-lymphoid thymus cell, most likely the la-antigen-positive thymic macrophage of dendritic cell, is responsible for the induction of tolerance to MHC antigens in developing T lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thymic fragments were maintained in organ culture until egress or deterioration of the leucocyte component was near completion. These depopulated cultured thymic fragments were then implanted into immunologically competent mouse recipients. Acute immunologic rejection was not observed in mice given cultured thymic allografts. If the organ culture period was approximately 2 weeks, lymphoid repopulation and newly developed Hassall's corpuscles were observed 7–10 weeks after implantation. If the initial culture period was extended to 3 weeks, transplanted fragments developed an unusual repopulation pattern, characterized by eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells. This finding could be interpreted as a protracted allograft rejection or, more likely, a loss of ability of the thymic epithelium 10 attract or differentiate the types of precursors usually attracted to the normal gland. When cultured and non-cultured tissues were simultaneously transplanted in a single recipient, the non-cultured tissue was acutely rejected and became fibrous, while the cultured thymus assumed the appearance of a normal lymphoid organ without any neighbouring inflammatory reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human thymus epithelium, depleted of thymocytes and macrophages by means of organ culture, was used in chemotaxis experiments with peripheral blood cells. Such cultured thymus epithelium can attract specifically macrophages and basophils. T-lymphocytes were attracted only by short-term (8 day) cultured thymus tissue which still retains some of the original macrophage population. Thymic macrophages formed rosette structures with thymocytes. In other experiments ‘activated’ rabbit macrophages had the capability to destroy thymocytes, whether autochthonous or allogeneic. The possible role of macrophages and basophils in thymus function is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Dansyl cadaverine ; Granulocyte ; Lymphocyte ; MeGbG ; Polyamine ; Transglutaminase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Sublimat-Vergiftung (i.S. eines experimentellen Modells für das akute Nierenversagen mit Sprague-Dawley-Ratten als Versuchstiere) büßen die Epithelzellen des proximalen Tubulus das Speicherungsvermögen für Trypanblau (Intravitalfärbung), deren quantitative Bestimmung als äußerst empfindliche Methode zur Feststellung der resorptiven Kapazität dienen kann, zu einem erheblichen Teil und anhaltend ein. Unter der — erst nach Abschluß der HgCl2-Intoxikation eingeleiteten — L-Thyroxin-Behandlung gleicht sich dieser funktionelle Defekt rasch und vollständig aus. Gesunde Tiere zeigen eine gegenüber der Norm deutlich gesteigerte tubulo-epitheliale Aufnahme und Ablagerung des Farbstoffs unter der L-Thyroxin-Applikation. Die Befunde werden in Beziehung zu Ergebnissen gesetzt, wonach die L-Thyroxin-Therapie verschiedene Nierenpartialfunktionen stimuliert und den Verlauf des akuten Nierenversagens günstig beeinflußt.
    Notes: Summary Quantitative analysis of the Trypan blue reabsorption rate is a very sensitive method of determining the overall reabsorptive capacity of the renal tubules. The ability of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule to take up and store the dye following intra-vitam administration was lost to a considerable extent in Sprague-Dawley rats with acute mercury-induced tubular lesions. If L-thyroxine is given after experimental induction of sublimate poisoning, this functional defect is promptly and completely returned to normal. Healthy rats treated with L-thyroxine show an increased Trypan blue content in the proximal tubular cells compared with control groups. These findings are discussed with reference to the favorable effect of L-thyroxine therapy in acute renal failure; this treatment stimulates various renal partial functions and therefore increases the survival rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 352 (1971), S. 122-129 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zum Zweck der Carcinomsuche wurden Ausstriche von Patienten untersucht, die mit einer modifizierten rectalen Aspirationsbiopsie der Prostata gewonnen wurden. Dabei ergaben sich richtig positive Resultate (klinisch und cytologisch Krebs) in 82,3%, falsch positive (klinisch kein, cytologisch doch Krebs) in keinem Fall. Falsch negative Ergebnisse (klinisch Carcinom, cytologisch nicht) traten in 17,7% auf, gingen aber hauptsächlich zu Lasten der Gruppe hormonell behandelter Krebspatienten (unbehandelte Fälle=10%). Die cytologische Diagnose derart gewonnener Ausstriche zeichnet sich durch große Treffsicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit aus. Sie stützt sich nicht nur auf Einzelzellen, sondern auf Zellverbände, welche die Beurteilung erleichtern. Die Papanicolaou-Färbung ist besonders geeignet, da die Krebszellen außer morphologischen Besonderheiten auch bestimmte färberische Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die größere Fehlerquote bei Hormontherapie scheint durch eine bessere Ausreifung der Krebszellen bedingt zu sein. Damit ergibt sich eine Möglichkeit, die cytologischen Befunde zu einer Aussage über die Wirkung der Behandlung und über die Prognose heranzuziehen.
    Notes: Summary In the search for prostatic cancer an investigation of smears was undertaken which were made from material aspirated from the prostate through the rectum. The results were as follows: correct positive (clinical and cytological cancer) 82.3%, false positive (no clinical but cytological cancer) in no case, false negative (clinical cancer but no cytological cancer) 17.7% which were from a group of hormonally treated patients. The cytological diagnosis from such smears is very reliable and precise. It does not depend only on single cells but also on tissue fragments which help in evaluation. The Papanicolaou stain is especially suitable because the cancer cells show besides their morphological particularities also distinctive staining qualities. The large proportion of faulty diagnoses made after hormone therapy seems to depend on the better maturation of the cancer cells. It is possible, therefore, to use the cytological findings for evaluating the efficacy of therapy and the prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Uroepithelial defense mechanism ; Membranous signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. It has been shown previously that the interaction between uroepithelial cells (UEC) from healthy donors and adherent Escherichia coli suppresses bacterial growth in vitro. The following study was performed to investigate the nature of membrane signal transduction mechanisms involved in this process. UEC/E. coli cocultures were established in the presence of substances known to modulate transmembranous signals. Inhibition of calcium flux, either by calcium channel-blocking substances or by a calmodulin antagonist, depressed the antibacterial UEC function of “healthy” UEC. In contrast, receptor/ligand-induced stimulation of G-proteins, activation of the adenylate cyclase, and the increase of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by cytoplasmatic phosphodiesterase did not increase the antibacterial capacity of healthy UEC. However, the antibacterial function of defense-deficient UEC from patients with recurrent idiopathic urinary tract infection could be reconstituted by this treatment to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the antibacterial UEC defense function is activated by transmembranous signals from bacteria attached to the host cell surface. Activation involves the adenylate cyclase pathway. Activation of the phosphoinositol pathway may contribute to intracellular calcium fluxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Urinary tract infection ; Bacterial adhesion ; Uroepithelial defense mechanism ; Ligand-receptor interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Uroepithelial defense has been suggested to contribute to the local host resistance against ascending urinary tract infection. The cellular mechanism, however, is not known. In this study, bacterial growth was measured under the direct and indirect influence of uroepithelial cells. To study if a specific ligand-receptor interaction is required for uroepithelial cell (UEC) activation, isogenic Escherichia coli mutants expressing either mannose-sensitive, mannose-resistant (p), or mannose resistant (s) pili were tested for their capacity to induce the UEC defense mechanism. The antibacterial effect of UEC was abolished either by performing coculture in chambers with a fluid-permeable membrane which separates UEC from bacteria or by inhibiting membrane contact using the antiadherence factor pentosane polysulfate. No difference between the various types of pili could be shown. All E. coli strains adhered comparably to the UEC and were subsequently suppressed in their growth. Even a “naked” mutant without expression of common pili showed a similar behavior. In conclusion, bacterial growth suppression depends on direct contact between the UEC and bacteria, but is independent of common pili expressed on E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 912-919 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Vesico-renal reflux ; Classification of reflux ; Diagnostic procedures ; Surgical techniques ; Vesiko-renaler Reflux ; Refluxklassifizierung ; Diagnostische Verfahren ; Operationstechniken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Abklärung und Klassifizierung des vesiko-renalen Refluxes stehen eine Reihe diagnostischer Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, deren Aussagekraft nicht unumstritten ist. Aus diesen Gründen müssen therapeutische Entscheidungen bei der Refluxerkrankung häufig vom klinischen Verlauf abhängig gemacht werden. Durch die operative Refluxkorrektur kann mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit und geringer Komplikationsrate der vesiko-renale Reflux unabhängig vom präoperativ nachgewiesenen Refluxgrad beseitigt werden.
    Notes: Summary Detection and accurate grading of vesico-renal reflux is rendered difficult by the limited realiability of the different diagnostic procedures. Therapeutic decisions are therefore to a large extent influenced by the clinical situation. Properly performed antireflux surgery combines a high cure rate with a low complication rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 927-929 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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