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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential Effects of Differential Day-Night Warming in Global Climate Change on Crop Production (1998)
    Springer
    Climatic change 40 (1998), S. 647-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies on the nature of global warming indicate the likelihood of an asymmetric change in temperature, where night-time minimum temperature increases more rapidly than the day-time maximum temperature. We used a physically based scenario of asymmetric warming combined with climate change scenarios from General Circulation Models (GCMs) outputs and the EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) plant process model to examine the effects of asymmetric temperature change on crop productivity. Our results indicated that the potential effects of global change on crop productivity may be less severe with asymmetric day-night warming than with equal day-night warming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005339800665
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of phosphorus in soil aggregate fractions and its significance with regard to phosphorus transport in agricultural runoff (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 83 (1995), S. 69-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Surface runoff is the major way of P transport from agricultural land to surface waters. To assess the potential of P loss in runoff in relation to soil P status, the chemical nature and distribution of soil P in different size classes of water-stable aggregates were quantified for two distinctive soil types. For both soils unfertilized areas under pasture and well-fertilized arable soils were sampled. The content of total P, organic P and microbial biomass P (Pmic) decreased in the aggregate size order 〈0.1, 1–2, and 0.1–1.0 mm respectively. In contrast available P (extracted by Bray I reagent) was lowest in the 〈0.1 mm aggregate size. Cultivation decreased the percentage of 1–2 mm aggregates but increased that of the 〈0.1 mm aggregates. Fertilization increased markedly both total P and organic P in the 〈0.1 mm fraction of arable soils compared to the corresponding samples from unfertilized grassland soils. During aggregate separation, most of P loss was in the form of particulate P and less than 1% in solution. More organic P and Pmic were lost from the grassland soils than from the arable soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482594
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 277-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nutrient cycling ; socioeconomic constraints ; sustainable agriculture ; temperate/boreal ecosystems ; tropical ecosystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper discusses the influence of N resources (fertilizer, legume, soil) on sustainable agriculture in temperate/boreal ecosystems (exemplified by the Canadian prairies), and in the humid, subhumid and semi-arid tropic (exemplified by southeast Asia and central and south America). A sustainable agricultural system is one that is economically viable, provides safe, nutritious food, and. conserves or enhances the environment. Consequently, we discuss the impact of N on crop yields, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), food quality, environmental quality and on socioeconomic factors. Considerably more long-term research has been conducted in the temperate regions, consequently this was where most information was available. However, the principles governing the behaviour of N are very similar in all ecosystems. It is mainly the rates of nutrient cycling and the socioeconomic constraints that differ. Legumes and N fertilizers, used in a responsible manner, will increase crop production, provide quality food, increase net returns, reduce risk of monetary loss, improve soil quality, and reduce N loss via leaching and gaseous means. The key to sustainable management of N is to synchronize N supply with N use by the crop. Because societies in most temperate ecosystems are more affluent they are better positioned to encourage adoption of management techniques that promote sustainability. In contrast, most producers in the tropics are, subsistence farmers; consequently, their immediate goal is economic survival, not preservation of the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750521
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I–II study of bi-weekly paclitaxel as first-line treatment in metastatic breast cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 9 (1998), S. 1247-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: metastatic breast cancer ; paclitaxel ; scheduling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Single-agent bi-weekly paclitaxel was studied as first-line metastatic treatment for breast cancer in a phase I–II trial. Patients and methods: Thirty-eight women with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled. Thirty-seven are evaluable for toxicity, 35 for response. Results: The MTD was defined at 160 mg/m2 q two weeks with dose limiting toxicity in two patients consisting of hematological toxicity (1) and neurotoxicity (2). Twenty patients were treated at 150 mg/m2, the recommended dose. Response rates were two CRs and nine PRs (overall 61%) at the RD of 150 mg/m2 and three CRs and 11 PRs for an overall RR of 67% for the two top doses. Conclusions: The good drug tolerance, response rates, and convenience over weekly treatment suggest this may be a worthwhile regimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008445123416
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the Condition of Agricultural Lands in Five Mid-Atlantic States (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 51 (1998), S. 317-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Indicators of the condition and sustainability of agricultural lands in five Mid-Atlantic states were measured in 1994. Indicators were selected to reflect crop productivity and land stewardship on annually harvested herbaceous crop (AHHC) land, which covers almost 10% of the land area in this region. Overall, condition of agricultural lands in the region is good. Crops generally yielded more than those grown in the 1980s, with a mean observed/expected yield index greater than 1. The mean soil quality index was slightly better than a "moderate" rating for crop growth. Almost 2/3 of the AHHC land is covered by crop rotation plans, with the remaining land mostly in hay fields. Insecticides were applied to less than 20% of AHHC land, and less than 20% of the land where pesticides were applied has high to moderately high potential for pesticides leaching into groundwater. However, integrated pest management (IPM) is practiced on less than 20% of AHHC land. Hay showed more efficient use of nitrogen than seed crops, and non-tilled sites, which are mostly hay, had more microbial biomass (suggesting more nutrient cycling) than tilled sites. This information could provide a baseline for a long-term monitoring program for agroecosystems in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005955807061
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiocaesium in an organic soil and the effect of treatment with the fungicide ‘Captan’ (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 170 (1995), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Captan ; ergosterol ; fungi ; plant availability ; organic soil ; radiocaesium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil fungi accumulate radiocaesium from contaminated soil and it has been hypothesised that this may alter the plant availability and movement of the radionuclide in soil. The effect of twice-monthly addition of an aqueous suspension of the fungicide ‘Captan’ on the changes in a peaty podzol soil at 2 sites, contaminated 2 or 3 years earlier by the injection of 134Cs, has been quantified. The sites had different soil acidity and vegetation cover. The less acid soil (pHwater 5.0) had been improved by the addition of lime and fertilizer and was reseeded with grass and clover. The more acid soil (pHwater 3.8) was under hill grasses, herbs and heather. On both sites the addition of fungicide did not alter the amount or concentration of radiocaesium in plant material sampled monthly or the depth distribution of radiocaesium in the soil profile. The concentration of the fungal constituent, ergosterol, in the soil, measured monthly, was unaffected by the fungicide treatment but evidence was obtained from a pot experiment to show that ergosterol decomposes slowly in cold, wet soils. On the more acid soil, two weeks after the last application of fungicide, there was a decline in active fungi as measured by fluorescein diacetate staining. Chloroform fumigation of the more acid soil resulted in a small increase in the amount of 134Cs exchangeable with 1 M ammonium acetate. Radiocaesium in seven different fungi grown in pure culture was found to be almost entirely extractable (〉 95%) with 1 M ammonium acetate. Another, Amanita rubescens, showed some retention and 88% was extractable. These findings do not preclude the fungal biomass as an important soil component controlling plant availability of radiocaesium from acid, organic soils by maintaining radiocaesium in a biological cycle, but make it unlikely that any fixation by fungi in a chemical sense is involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010484
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrosynthetic immobilisation of proteins for bioanalysis (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 8 (1998), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: biosensor ; protein immobilisation ; protein modification ; electrochemistry ; nitrotyrosine ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Use of electrosynthetic methodology allows the production of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) either mononitrated at tyrosine 23 or bisnitrated at tyrosines 20 and 23, but never nitrated at tyrosine 53. This is a different sequence from that obtained by the chemical nitrating agent tetranitromethane, and when reduced by dithionite, the selectively modified enzyme can be anchored at pH 5 via the unique aromatic amino group to magnetic beads or other suitable matrices. HEWL so immobilised loses less than 10% of cell-wall lytic activity compared with the approximately 50% loss of activity when immobilised by conventional methodology at pH 9 via essentially random reaction at lysine residues and other functionalities which are nucleophilic at this pH. This result offers promise as a general method for selective protein immobilisation in biosensors and similar applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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