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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ergebnisqualität ; Kopfschmerz ; Ambulante Versorgung ; Vertragsärztliche Versorgung ; Keywords Outcome quality ; Efficacy ; Headache ; Community medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background. Little is known about the outcome-quality of treatment for headache on primary care conditions in Germany. Methods. All physicians (2100) of middle franconia, a bavarian greater district with 1,6 Mio. inhabitants, involved in outpatient management were asked to include consecutively patients in the study which suffer from migraine (at least 2 attacks/month) and/or tension type headache (at least 8 days/month) of at least 4 weeks duration. Before and after a 6 months interval patients documented the following outcome data in a questionnaire: pain intensity during the last attack (numeric rating scale), pain dependent disability (Brief Pain Inventory, German version), health related quality of life (SF-36, German version) and depressivity (Allgemeine Depressionsskala). The pain chronification state (Mainz Pain Staging System) has been assessed by the physician. Therapy was not standardized and included the natural spectrum of medicamental and non-medicamental therapy of headache. Agreement of therapy with recommendations of the “Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Aerzteschaft” has been assessed. Results. 24 physicians participated in the study. Pre-post-data of 80 patients (46±14 y) could be analysed. Initially 67% were classified in pain chronification state I, 27% in state II and 6% in state III. Medicamental therapy agreed with recommendations in approximately 50% of patients, non-medicamental therapy has been used rarely. The pain intensity, pain dependent disability, depression and quality of life improved significantly. 45% and 55% of patients improved in at least 2 of 6 outcome-parameters by 30% of baseline value or by half standard deviation of the corresponding pre-post-differences, respectively. The latter outcome-measure reflects a medium effect size. Conclusions. On primary care conditions about 50% of patients suffering from migraine and/or tension type headache (predominantly low chronification stae) perceive a therapy effect that corresponds to a medium effect size.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Studiendesign. Um erstmals Daten zur Behandlungseffektivität von Patienten mit Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerzen unter vertragsärztlichen Bedingungen zu erhalten, dokumentierten in der Modellregion Mittelfranken (etwa 1.6 Mio. Einwohner) 24 von 2100 angeschriebenen ambulant tätige Kollegen und deren Patienten am Anfang und Ende eines 6 Monate dauernden Intervalls Daten zur Ergebnisqualität der Behandlung. Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, die seit mindestens 4 Wochen über mindestens 2 Migräneattacken pro Monat oder an mindestens 8 Tagen pro Monat über dauernde oder rezidivierende Kopfschmerzen nicht symptomatischer Genese klagten. Ergebnisse. Ausgewertet wurden 80 Patientenverläufe. 67% der Patienten gehörten bei Studienaufnahme dem Chronifizierungsstadium I nach Gerbershagen an, 27% dem Stadium II und 6% dem Stadium III. Die medikamentöse Behandlung entsprach in etwa der Hälfte aller Patienten den Empfehlungen der Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen Ärzteschaft, eine nichtmedikamentöse Behandlung wurde kaum eingesetzt. Die Schmerzintensität (numerische Ratingskala), schmerzbedingte Beeinträchtigung im Alltag (deutsche Fassung des Brief Pain Inventory), Depressivität (Allgemeine Depressionsskala) und Lebensqualität (SF-36 Fragebogen zum Gesundheitszustand) verbesserten sich statistisch signifikant. 45% bzw. 55% der Patienten besserten sich in mindestens 2 von 6 Ergebnisparametern um mindestens 30% vom Ausgangswert bzw. eine halbe Standardabweichung der Prä-post-Differenzen des jeweiligen Parameters. Schlussfolgerung. In der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung von Patienten mit Migräne und/oder Spannungskopfschmerzen, die vorwiegend eine niedrige Schmerzchronifizierung aufwiesen, wird bei etwa der Hälfte der Patienten ein mittlerer Behandlungseffekt erzielt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 50 (2000), S. 381-390 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Branch length — Divergence time — Confidence interval — Relative rate — Molecular clock — Fractal model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Many tests of the lineage dependence of substitution rates, computations of the error of evolutionary distances, and simulations of molecular evolution assume that the rate of evolution is constant in time within each lineage descended from a common ancestor. However, estimates of the index of dispersion of numbers of mammalian substitutions suggest that the rate has time-dependent variations consistent with a fractal-Gaussian-rate Poisson process, which assumes common descent without assuming rate constancy. While this model does not affect certain relative-rate tests, it substantially increases the uncertainty of branch lengths. Thus, fluctuations in the rate of substitution cannot be neglected in calculations that rely on evolutionary distances, such as the confidence intervals of divergence times and certain phylogenetic reconstructions. The fractal-Gaussian-rate Poisson process is compared and contrasted with previous models of molecular evolution, including other Poisson processes, the fractal renewal process, a Lévy-stable process, a fractional-difference process, and a log-Brownian process. The fractal models are more compatible with mammalian data than the nonfractal models considered, and they may also be better supported by Darwinian theory. Although the fractal-Gaussian-rate Poisson process has not been proven to have better agreement with data or theory than the other fractal models, its Gaussian nature simplifies the exploration of its impact on evolutionary distance errors and relative-rate tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells. Although the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain, insulin initiates its actions by binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor, leading to the phosphorylation of intracellular substrates. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Quantum dots or rings are artificial nanometre-sized clusters that confine electrons in all three directions. They can be fabricated in a semiconductor system by embedding an island of low-bandgap material in a sea of material with a higher bandgap. Quantum dots are often referred to as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of medical humanities 21 (2000), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 1573-3645
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of angiology 9 (2000), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 1615-5939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thrombolytic therapy (TT) is now established as the main treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Spontaneous breast hematoma, usually a rare complication of anticoagulant therapy, has been described in the last five decades, but not after thrombolytic therapy. We present three patients who developed the rare complication of breast hematoma after TT, out of 495 women treated with TT in ICCU in our hospital, because of acute MI in the last 12 years. One patient needed blood transfusion and in another patient, atypical ductal nuclei were observed in fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast hematoma, needing further evaluation. As thrombolytic therapy becomes more wide-spread and essential in treating patients suffering acute occlusion of coronary, retinal, pulmonary or peripheral arteries, it is expected that more women will present with breast hematoma following such treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ; Psychiatrische Morbidität ; Somatoforme Störungen ; Keywords Multiple chemical sensitivity ; Psychiatric morbidity ; Somatoform disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) or idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) is understood as an acquired disorder with multiple recurrent symptoms that cannot be traced to any well-known medical or psychiatric condition and is associated with diverse environmental influences that are well tolerated by the majority of people. In a prospective study, we investigated 120 consecutive patients admitted a university-based outpatient department for environmental medicine during 1 year. Apart from routine medical examination and special toxicological diagnostic procedures, a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was performed with every patient. At least one psychiatric diagnosis was found in 100 patients. The diagnostic criteria for somatoform disorders were filled by 53 patients. We found lifetime or current affective disorders in 39 patients, anxiety disorders in 29, and substance dependency or abuse in 25. In 16 patients, personality disorders were diagnosed. Nine suffered from psychotic disorders. This is the largest prospective study with standardized psychiatric diagnostic methods concerning psychiatric morbidity and MCS. The data show that many patients with environmental health problems obviously suffer from somatoform disorders but also from other, well-known psychiatric conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unter Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) oder auch Idiopathic Environmental Intolerances (IEI) versteht man eine erworbene Störung mit multiplen rezidivierenden Symptomen, die im Zusammenhang steht mit vielfältigen Umwelteinflüssen, die von der Mehrheit der Bevölkerung gut vertragen werden, und deren Symptomatik durch keine bekannte medizinische oder psychische Störung erklärbar ist. Wir untersuchten prospektiv 120 Patienten, die sich innerhalb eines Jahres konsekutiv unter dem Verdacht auf MCS bzw. umweltbedingte Beschwerden in einer umweltmedizinischen Universitäts-ambulanz vorstellten, mit einem strukturierten psychiatrischen Interview (SKID). Daneben wurden internistische Routine- und toxikologische Spezialdiagnostik durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten bei 100 Patienten eine oder mehrere psychiatrische Diagnosen gestellt werden. 53 Patienten erfüllten die diagnostischen Kriterien für somatoforme Störungen nach DSM-IV. Bei 39 Patienten wurden affektive Störungen in der Vorgeschichte bzw. aktuell diagnostiziert, bei 29 Patienten Angststörungen. In 25 Fällen lagen Substanzabhängigkeit oder -missbrauch (in der Vorgeschichte oder aktuell) vor. 16 Patienten wiesen Persönlichkeitsstörungen auf; bei 9 Patienten waren psychotische Störungen vorhanden. Dies ist die größte prospektive Studie zum Thema psychiatrische Morbidität und MCS unter der Verwendung eines standardisierten diagnostischen Interviews. Sie zeigt, dass viele Patienten mit umweltbezogenen Beschwerden offenbar an somatoformen Störungen, oftmals aber auch an anderen bekannten psychischen Erkrankungen leiden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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