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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of fatigue failure in ultralong life regime (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue fracture surfaces of specimens of heat treated hard steels which failed in the regime of N = 105 to 5 × 108 cycles, were investigated by optical microscopy and SEM. Specimens having a longer fatigue life had a particular morphology beside the inclusion at the fracture origin. The particular morphology looked optically dark and in the previous paper it was named the Optically Dark Area, ODA. The roughness inside ODA is larger than outside ODA. The relative size of the ODA to the size of the inclusion at the fracture origin increases with increase in fatigue life. Thus, the ODA is considered to have a crucial role in the mechanism of ultra long life fatigue failure. Direct evidences of existence of hydrogen at the inclusion at fracture origin are presented. It is presumed that the ODA is made by the cyclic stress coupled with the hydrogen which is trapped by the inclusion at the fracture origin. To verify the influence of hydrogen, specimens containing different levels of hydrogen were prepared by different heat treatments. The results obtained by fatigue tests of these specimens suggest that the hydrogen trapped by inclusions is a crucial factor which causes the ultra long fatigue failure of high strength steels. Aspects of the double S–N curve are also discussed in terms of experimental methods, specimen size and statistical distribution of inclusions sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00576.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffractometer with a cylindrical imaging plate (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 1241-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffractometer for samples of very small amount has been developed to collect high-quality diffraction patterns under extreme conditions, i.e. at low temperature and/or high pressure. A new cylindrical imaging plate (CIP) is used as a detector, in addition to a conventional flat-type imaging plate (FIP). By using the CIP system, the diffraction data in a diffraction angle range −44 ≤ 2θ ≤ 122° are collected with a dynamic range of about 106. The alignment of the diffractometer, measurement and analysis are automatically operated by a workstation. A performance test shows that the CIP system has spatial resolution of about 0.07° with a dynamic range of 106. The diffraction pattern of a standard sample of Si measured by the CIP system has high quality; the refinement of the structure reaches Rw = 3.68% even in the case of a small amount of sample (about 2 µg) and a short exposure time (60 s). Examples of experiments at low temperatures under ambient and high pressures are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800009286
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological properties of the calcimimetic compound NPS R-568 in vitro and in vivo (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Calcium receptor ; HEK293 ; NPS R-568 ; Calcimimetics ; Intracellular Ca2+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The Ca2+ receptor (CaR) plays a key role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis by its presence in the parathyroid gland and kidney. NPS R-568 (referred to as KRN568 in Japan) is a phenylalkylamine compound that activates the CaR. It has been difficult to study Ca2+-sensing mechanisms because of the lack of cell model systems that express reasonable numbers of CaR coupled to downstream effectors and physiological responses. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of NPS R-568 on the CaR both in vitro and in vivo. Methods. Western blotting analysis of CaR was performed to confirm the existence of CaR in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing human CaR (HuCaR-HEK293). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) content were measured in HuCaR-HEK293 after the addition of NPS R-568 and other agonists. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NPS R-568 orally, and plasma Ca2+ levels and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were determined. Results. Western blotting analysis of the crude plasma membrane fraction prepared from HuCaR-HEK293 identified bands immunoreactive with a human CaR-specific antibody. NPS R-568 dose-dependently and stereoselectively increased [Ca2+]i in HuCaR-HEK293, whereas NPS R-568 had no effects in wild-type HEK293 cells. These effects of NPS R-568 were associated with an increase in cytoplasmic IP3 levels and were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Single oral administration of NPS R-568 suppressed PTH secretion, followed by decreased plasma Ca2+ levels, in normal rats. Conclusions. These results suggest that NPS R-568 activates CaR and suppresses PTH secretion in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570070004
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of human–rodent hybrid cells containing single transferable fragments of human chromosome 10p (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 45 (2000), S. 370-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: Key words Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer ; Chromosome 10p ; Rodent–human hybrid ; Single transferable fragment ; Tumor suppressor gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The introduction of chromosome 10p into human glioblastoma or prostate cancer cells has been demonstrated to suppress their malignant phenotype, suggesting the presence of glioma or prostate tumor suppressor genes on 10p. As a resource for the fine mapping of these genes, a series of human-rodent hybrid cell lines containing single transferable fragments (STFs) of 10p were constructed. Normal chromosome 10 tagged with a neomycin-resistance gene on its short arm was fragmented by gamma-irradiation of 5–10 krad, transferred into mouse L cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), and then selected against G418. Thirty-three independent rodent-human hybrids carrying various-sized STFs were obtained. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping revealed that these STFs contained the whole, or portions, of a 43-cM region on 10p14-pter and could be defined by 19 sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers. Using this panel of hybrids as donors for further MMCT, genes on the refined fragments could be transferred into other cells. This hybrid panel would therefore be a useful resource for the fine mapping of the genes on 10p14-pter to segments of about 2.4 cM by functional complementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100380070011
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