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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 668-670 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We employed deep-level transient spectroscopy to determine the electrical properties of defects introduced in epitaxially grown n-GaAs during dry etching in a SiCl4 plasma at different rf powers and plasma pressures. We found that SiCl4 etching introduced two prominent defects, one of which is metastable. Current–voltage measurements demonstrated that high barrier Schottky barrier diodes can be fabricated on SiCl4-etched n-GaAs surfaces for all power and plasma pressure conditions investigated. The defect concentration decreased and the diode quality improved when etching at lower rf power and higher plasma pressure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 47 (1997), S. 67-109 
    ISSN: 0163-8998
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The development, in the early 1960s, of the dynamic nuclear polarization process in solid diamagnetic materials, doped with paramagnetic radicals, led to the use of solid polarized targets in numerous nuclear and particle physics experiments. Since then steady progress has been made in all contributing subsystems so that proton polarizations near 100% and deuteron polarizations higher than 50% have been achieved in various materials. More radiation-resistant materials, such as ammonia, have made it possible to perform experiments with high beam intensities and experiments that benefit from 4He cooling at 1K and high magnetic fields. The development of dilution refrigerators have allowed frozen spin operation so that experiments with large angular acceptance for the scattered particles have become routine. Many experiments have taken advantage of these developments and many more are being planned, especially with electromagnetic probes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 365-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Restriktive Dermopathie ; Autosomal rezessive Genodermatose ; Fetale Akinesie/Hypokinesie-Deformationssequenz ; Arthrogryposis ; Polyhydramnion ; Key words Restrictive dermopathy ; Autosomal recessive genodermatosis ; Fetal akinesia/hypokinesia deformation sequence ; Arthrogryposis ; Polyhydramnios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Restrictive dermopathy is a rare, fatal, autosomal recessive, congenital skin disease. Rigidity of translucent thin skin, which is thus highly vulnerable and tears, spontaneously causes intra-uterine fetal akinesia or hypokinesia deformation sequence (FADS), characteristic dysmorphic facies with fixed open mouth in O position, and generalized joint contractures (arthrogryposis). Polyhydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia are distinctive manifestations, leading to respiratory insufficiency and premature delivery at about 31 weeks of gestation. We report on a case of a prematurely born infant who presented with the typical morphological features and describe the light- and electronmicroscopical findings as described in the literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die restriktive Dermopathie ist eine seltene autosomal rezessive letal verlaufende Genodermatose. Die Straffheit der dünnen, durchscheinenden, leicht einreißenden Haut bewirkt intrauterin Die „Fetale Akinesie bzw. Hypokinesie Deformation Sequenz” (FADS), eine charakteristische Fazies mit fixierter Gesichtsmorphe und O-förmig offenem Mund sowie Gelenkkontrakturen (Arthrogryposis). Dem Polyhydramnion folgt die stets vorzeitige Geburt etwa in der 31. SSW sowie pulmonale Hypoplasie und respiratorische Insuffizienz. Wir berichten über einen weiteren Fall eines Frühgeborenen mit den typischen klinisch-morphologischen Stigmata, beschreiben die licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde und diskutieren das Leiden vor dem Hintergrund der vorliegenden Literatur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 242-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter APAAP-Methode ; ABC-Methode ; Envision-Methode ; Immuno-Max-Methode ; Kosten ; Key words APAAP-method ; ABC-method ; EnVision-method ; ImmunoMax-method ; Costs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Immunohistochemical staining techniques, such as the APAAP, ABC, EnVision and ImmunoMax methods, play a leading role in the search to solve the questions arising in clinical diagnosis. With the increase in number of techniques for diagnostic examination, the sarch for suitable method is becoming more and more important. The goal of this study was to compare these different treatments with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, an analysis of time and cost was made. The primary antibodies used were CD20, CD30 and IgM, as well as receptor antibodies estrogen and progesterone. The variable costs of each technique were calculated based on selected examples. The APAAP method required the most time and was, at the same time, by far the most expensive treatment. The EnVision method required the least time and showed very good staining results, which were comparable to those of the ABC and ImmunoMax techniques. The staining costs could be reduced by about 95% and the staining intensity improved substantially by using expensive receptor antibodies in combination with the Immuno-Max method. This study illustrates the importance of knowing different examination techniques, as well as the costs arising by their usage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Immunhistochemische Färbetechniken, wie die APAAP- und ABC-Methode stellen heute in der pathologischen Routinediagnostik ein weit verbreitetes und akzeptiertes Verfahren zur Darstellung definierter antigener Strukturen dar. Neuere Techniken, wie die EnVision- und ImmunoMax-Methode (Biotinyl-Tyramin-Enhancement), stellen Weiterentwicklungen dar, die eine technische Erleichterung, eine Beschleunigung bzw. eine Steigerung der Sensitivität des immunhistochemischen Verfahrens ermöglichen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung und Erweiterung diagnostischer Untersuchungstechniken führen zu der Frage, welche Methoden stellen für welche Fragestellungen und Anwendungen die geeigneten Verfahren dar? Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, für diese unterschiedlichen Verfahren eine vergleichende Zeit- und Kostenanalyse anzustellen und dabei wichtige Parameter wie Sensitivität und Spezifität zu berücksichtigen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden relevante und häufig verwendete Primärantikörper wie CD20, CD30, IgM sowie die Antikörper gegen Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptor verwendet. Um eine Vergleichbarkeit der Methoden bezüglich Arbeitsaufwand und -kosten zu ermöglichen, wurden die Techniken zunächst in ihrer Empfindlichkeit aufeinander abgestimmt. An ausgewählten Färbebeispielen wurden die sich stark unterscheidenden Kosten für jede Technik errechnet und der technische Zeitaufwand für jedes Verfahren ermittelt. Die weit verbreitete und etablierte APAAP-Methode stellt die zeitaufwendigste Technik und auch gleichzeitig das mit Abstand kostenintensivste Verfahren dar. Den geringsten Zeitaufwand benötigt man für die EnVision-Detektionsmethode. Die ABC-Methode nimmt eine intermediäre Stellung ein; sie stellt die kostengünstigste Methode für die meisten Anwendungen dar und bedarf eines mittelhohen Zeitaufwandes. Die ImmunoMax-Methode stellt eine relativ zeitaufwendige und für viele paraffingängige Standardantikörper nicht notwendige Methode dar; jedoch führt sie zu dramatischen Kostenersparnissen bei der Verwendung teurer Primärantikörper. Darüber hinaus erhält man dabei eine bemerkenswerte Sensitivitässteigerung, was für jene Anwendungen bedeutsam sein kann, die mit Standardtechniken zu keinen oder zu unzureichenden Ergebnissen führen (z.B. viele niedrig exprimierte Antigene). Dieses wurde hier am Beispiel der kostenintensiven und diagnostisch/therapeutisch bedeutsamen Hormon-Rezeptor-Antikörper aufgezeigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht, wie wichtig es ist, neben der Vielzahl verschiedener Untersuchungsverfahren, die entstehenden Kosten einerseits und die potentiellen Möglichkeiten der Techniken andererseits zu kennen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 57-80 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Fog prediction, radiation fog, numerical fog modeling.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A simple one-dimensional numerical-analytical model was developed by Meyer and Rao (1995) to predict the onset of radiation fog. The model computes radiative cooling and turbulent diffusion of heat and vapor through the lower boundary layer and produces heat and vapor fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface. The model is designed for Air Force forecasters who have access to a personal computer, an early evening surface observation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperature, wind speed, the lapse rate in the upper boundary layer, and the previous 24-h precipitation amount. These initial data are used to predict the diurnal variation of the dry bulb and dewpoint temperatures at 10 m above the surface. In accordance with conventional synoptic observing practices, fog is defined as a restriction of the surface visibility generally to less than 1000 m. Fog is assumed to occur in the model predictions when the dewpoint depression falls to less than 1°C. Observations, from several Air Force bases for selected days when fog was observed to occur, were used to test the model. The present model with default parameters appears to predict the onset of fog slightly ahead of its occurrence. Better verification results are expected when site-relevant parameters are used in model predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The structure of, and transitions between, liquids, crystals and glasses have commonly been studied with the hard-sphere model, in which the atoms are modelled as spheres that interact only through an infinite repulsion on contact. Suspensions of uniform colloidal polymer particles are good ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Eisenia fetida breeding ; Selection ; Growth rate ; Maturation ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Selective breeding of invertebrates has been suggested by many but studied by few. The possibilities of improving characters like biomass, maturation time, coccoon production rate, and hatching success of cocoons for the earthworm Eisenia fetida were examined in the present study. The results showed that biomass, maturation time, and number of hatchlings could be successfully improved by selective breeding, although a concomitant tendency to a lower reproductive rate, as found in vertebrates, was observed. Other characters like cocoon production rate, hatching success, and number of hatchlings per cocoon also showed promising results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hitherto, the relationship between malignancy-associated morphological features in single tumour cells and the expression of markers indicating functional properties of these cells remained widely unknown. This study was aimed at describing differences in the size, shape and chromatin structure between tumour cells with different marker expression for progesterone receptors (PgR) and p53. Two series of breast cancers, consisting of 50 PgR-positive, and 39 p53-negative and 49 p53-positive mammary carcinomas, were investigated. The immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin sections using 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as the chromogenic substrate. By means of a cytometry workstation equipped with a computer-controlled motorised scanning stage, about 500 positive and negative tumour cells in each case were localised in the microscope and categorised by a scoring system for their staining intensity. After destaining, the tissue sections were Feulgen-stained. Then, all the tumour cells were relocated automatically and analysed by high resolution image cytometry. Among the numerous size, shape, and texture features used in the system, several variables of the nuclear contour and chromatin structure were found to be significantly different between the positive and negative tumour cell populations. Nuclei without PgR had more malignancy-associated morphological features than PgR-positive cells. Whereas p53-negative nuclei had a higher degree of regularity, their positive counterparts exhibited higher DNA ploidy values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 750-753 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postoperative technetium-99m-labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scintigraphic appearance of limb-sparing procedures in patients treated for bone tumors.Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and assessed planar bone scans, subjectively and semiquantitatively, of all patients treated with limb-sparing procedures at our institution who survived at least 1 year following resection of the primary lesion.Results. The operative sites of 20 of the evaluable 45 patients (44 %) demonstrated normal tracer avidity during follow-up (median 12 months). Nine patients (20 %) demonstrated normal avidity on their first follow-up bone scans (median 6 months). Coincident99mTc-MDP bone scans were obtained on 11 patients who developed 12 postoperative complications or injury during the study and accurately identified the lesion in eight (67 %).Conclusion. Although many patients have abnormal99mTc-MDP avidity in the operative site after limb-sparing surgery, almost half eventually have normalization of uptake. However, planar bone scans have limited use for assessing the primary tumor site postoperatively as persistent abnormal avidity may preclude detection of changes associated with development of postoperative complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Limb-sparing procedures utilizing endoprostheses improve both the quality of life and functional level of patients treated for primary bone sarcomas. Herein, we present the imaging findings of an uncommon cause of prosthetic failure, i. e., foreign body reaction, manifested by progressive multifocal osteolysis along the prosthetic femoral shaft.
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