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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    There are two C4 genetic loci and a null allele in the chimpanzee (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphism in C4 in the chimpanzee was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis of desialated plasma and development of patterns by immunofixation with antiserum to human C4 and by a C4-sensitive hemolytic overlay. In general, immunofixation patterns showed multiple partially overlapping bands of which only the most cathodal had strong hemolytic activity. In analogy to human C4, the latter were designated C4B, whereas those detected by immunofixation which had little hemolytic activity were designated C4A. Chimp C4A and C4B reacted with human and mouse (monoclonal) anti-C4B and human anti-Ch1 but neither reacted with monoclonal anti-C4A or human anti-Ch2, Ch3, Rg1, or Rg2. On sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the alpha chain of C4B showed a slightly lower apparent relative mass than that of C4A at around M r 93 000. There were three C4A variants and two C4B variants inherited in families as autosomal codominant traits, as C4A-C4B cosegregating pairs with no detectable crossing-over. These pairs were inherited with chimpanzee leukocyte antigen types C2 and BF variants without detectable crossing-over. Half-null C4 haplotypes with C4B *Q0 were observed in family studies. Nine BF, C2, C4A, C4B allelic haplotypic combinations (complotypes) were identified among presumably unrelated chimpanzees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343702
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterior cervical osteophytes as a cause of progressive dysphagia (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 101 (1989), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cervical osteophytes ; dysphagia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An uncommon cause of progressive dysphagia may be large cervical osteophytes impinging upon the cervical esophagus. Dysphagia may be due to the mechanical mass effect of a large anterior osteophyte, trapping the esophagus opposite a fixed point such as the cricoid cartilage, or a local inflammatory reaction resulting in cricopharyngeal spasm. We report three patients with progressive dysphagia due to large anterior cervical osteophytes. All three patients were treated with anterior cervical approach with removal of the osteophytes without fusion. A review of the literature in addition to the specific case histories, video fluoroscopic and radiographic findings are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410071
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fragmentation of molecular adsorbates by electron and ion bombardment: Methoxy chemistry on Al(111) (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 2406-2411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (High resolution) electron energy loss spectroscopy [(HR)EELS] has been used successfully to provide direct spectroscopic evidence regarding details of the molecular fragmentation of methoxy (CH3O) on Al(111) caused by energetic electron and ion beams. Chemisorbed methoxy on Al(111) is produced by heating of adsorbed CH3OH. Irradiation of CH3O(a) by either energetic (∼300 eV) electrons or Ar+ ions results in C–O and C–H bond scission with simultaneous formation of Al–O and Al–C bonds. During electron stimulated desorption the CH3O(a) species undergo sequential fragmentation first to CHx groups that are captured by the surface and in the final decay process to adsorbed carbon. C–O bonds in CH3O(a) are depleted preferentially compared to C–H bonds in CHx(a) species. The electron induced sequential fragmentation of the parent CH3 group (from methoxy) to resultant CHx(a) occurs with an efficiency ∼3 orders of magnitude greater then the subsequent process of CHx(a) →C(a). Cross sections for various bond scission processes in electron and ion bombardment have been estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455034
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adsorption and thermal decomposition of water on clean and oxygen-predosed Al(111) (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 5804-5815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The adsorption of water on both clean and oxygen-predosed Al(111) has been studied by vibrational spectroscopy using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). At 130 K, adsorption on either surface is competitively associative and dissociative. The dominant dissociation product is a hydroxyl species. On the clean surface, adsorption is predominantly molecular, while in the presence of oxygen, adsorption is predominantly dissociative. In contrast to the low temperature behavior, adsorption of water on clean Al(111) at 300 K is completely dissociative, resulting in oxygen adsorption and surface oxidation. Adsorbed hydroxyl species can be produced at 300 K by prolonged water exposure. Upon heating a low-temperature water layer adsorbed on either surface, molecular water desorption and further decomposition both occur. The production of adsorbed hydroxyl species from water reaches a maximum at 250 K on the clean surface and at 350 K on the oxygen-predosed surface. The hydroxyl species decompose above these temperatures to evolve hydrogen and further oxidize the Al(111) surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452510
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary ion dependence of LiF direct recoil intensities and ion fractions (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 2403-2410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of the scattered and recoiled particles resulting from 1–10 keV He+, Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+ ions impingent on surfaces of LiF thin films have been obtained. Measurements of directly recoiled (DR) neutrals plus ions and neutrals alone are used to calculate positive and negative ion fractions Y+,− from DR events. The oppositely charged ion fractions have a distinctly different behavior as a function of kinetic energy. The Y+ values exhibit a threshold at low energy followed by a plateau region at higher energy while the Y− values are maximum in the low energy region followed by a decreasing yield as energy increases. The energy dependence of Y+,− is interpreted in terms of the recently developed model [J. Chem. Phys. 85, 3615 (1986)] for electronic charge exchange in keV ion/surface collisions which considers electron promotions in the close atomic encounter and resonant and Auger transitions along the outgoing trajectory. The ionization potential of the primary ion relative to the energy levels of the target atom is shown to have a large influence on charge exchange in the close encounter. The ratio of direct recoil to scattering particle flux increases by a factor of 〉102 from He to Xe; scattering and recoil cross sections are used to model this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452755
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Temperature on the Moisture Sorption Isotherms and Water Activity Shift of Two Dehydrated Foods (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The water activity (aw) of eight salt solutions was determined at three temperatures (25, 30, 45°C) using a pressure transducer-vapor pressure manometer. The aws of the salts showed a decrease with increasing temperature, which was explained with the help of a thermodynamic equation. This is opposite to the increase in aw with increase in temperature for foods. Moisture sorption data for fish flour and cornmeal were obtained at 25–65°C. The Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer model was evaluated and shown to be comparable to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model for prediction of the monolayer. Product was equilibrated at different aws at 25°C then subsequently shifted to 30°C and 45°C in a sealed chamber. The resultant a, change, measured on the Kaymont-Rotronics, was predictable from the isotherm at each temperature using the Clausius Clapeyron relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13409.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An optimal endoreversible three-heat-source refrigerator (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An endoreversible three-heat-source refrigerator only affected by thermal resistance, like a reversible three-heat-source refrigerator, may be treated as a combined cycle of a two-heat-source engine driving a two-heat-source refrigerator. The theory of finite time thermodynamics in two-heat-source cycles is then used to analyze it and derive its basic optimum relation. Thus, the fundamental effect of thermal resistance on the optimal performance of a three-heat-source refrigerator is expounded. The conclusions obtained here are more realistic than those of classical thermodynamics. They provide some new theoretical bases for further exploitation of the three-heat-source refrigeration apparatus that applies to "cheap'' heat sources, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, waste heat, and so on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342570
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and electrical properties of polymeric TCNQ and TCNE films by plasma polymerization (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1476-1483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The plasma polymerization of TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane) and TCNE (tetracyanoethylene) was carried out at 13.56 MHz from the gas phase and semiconductive polymeric films were obtained. The electrical conductivities of the films obtained ranged from 10−10 to 10−6 S cm−1 and the Al/polymer/ITO (indium tin oxide) sandwich cells made from the films showed rectifying behavior and photovoltaic response. Photoconductivity was also observed in the films. Infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the structure, and these results as well as those from electrical measurements confirmed that a certain conjugation structure when the π electrons delocalized have been formed in the films. The influence of plasma polymerization conditions on the structure and electrical properties of films is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341821
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon emission from avalanche breakdown in the collector junction of GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The base-collector junction of GaAs/AlGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors has been observed to emit light at avalanche breakdown. The spectral distribution curve exhibits broad peaks at 2.03 and 1.43 eV, with the intensities dependent upon the reverse current. These observations suggest that electrons, excited to the upper conduction band by the field, lose their energy by impact ionizing electron-hole pairs and producing the 2.03 eV light, which corresponds to the threshold energy for electron impact ionization. The band-edge emission is the result of direct-gap free-carrier recombination and self-absorption of the high-energy transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101875
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of enhanced growth of the 110 K superconducting phase by Pb doping in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 699-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Kinetics of the 110 K superconducting phase formation has been studied in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system with and without the addition of small amounts of lead. The kinetics of the phase transformation has been greatly affected by lead doping. The time required for the maximum formation of the 110 K phase is substantially reduced by the addition of lead. This phenomenon has been shown to be associated with the lead enhancing the nucleation and growth process of the 110 K phase and the diffusivity of calcium and copper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101573
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