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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 10 (1980), S. 389-393 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxyurea was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant albino rats in a single dose of 2000 mg/kg on day 14 of gestation. Both the perinatal and postnatal mortality rates of the progeny were increased and their weight gain reduced. Exploratory locomotion of 32-day-old rats, calculated by means of an ‘activity index’, was significantly reduced. The treatment had no effect on the brain weight. The fertility of the progeny was not impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nerve fibres of largest diameter and of greatest length are considered to be the most vulnerable to triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP). In this study, the differential vulnerability of the particular sciatic nerve branches was determined in the course of TOCP neuropathy and of Wallerian degeneration. The branch innervating the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, made up predominantly of large-diameter fibres, proved most susceptible to TOCP. By contrast, after proximal sciatic-nerve transection, degeneration commenced in the lateral nerve of the third digit, containing long nerve fibres of small diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intoxication ; Dog ; Clioquinol ; 2,5-hexanedione ; Distal axonopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central distal axonopathy induced in dogs by the administration of high doses of clioquinol is contrasted with the central-peripheral distal axonopathy precipitated by intoxication with 2,5-hexanedione. Mature, pure-bred Beagle dogs received a daily oral dose of 400 mg/kg of clioquinol for up to 7 months, or 1 ml per animal (approximately corresponding to 110 mg/kg) of 2,5-hexanedione for up to 5 months. Intoxicated and control animals were killed and perfused at monthly intervals, so that the spatial-temporal development of the lesion could be followed and correlated with clinical symptoms. During the treatment, dogs intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione developed symptoms of peripheral neuropathy consisting of flaccid weakness, muscle atrophy, hind-limb foot-drop and areflexia. By contrast, the dogs surviving clioquinol intoxication exhibited a stiff-legged gait, hyperreflexia but no muscle atrophy. Light and electron microscope examination of central and peripheral nervous tissue from dogs intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione revealed giant axonal swelling and distal axonal degeneration. By contrast, dogs receiving clioquinol showed a distal axonal degeneration confined to the optic tract and the long spinal cord tracts, without any visible involvement of peripheral nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Cortisol ; Glucocorticoid therapy ; Cushing's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cortisol and growth hormone (GH) secretion (spontaneous variations at night and the release induced by insulin hypoglycaemia) were investigated in 69 children and adolescents. Statistical analysis of approximately 600 pairs of cortisol and GH values in this study demonstrated that physiological fluctuations of cortisol do not alter GH secretion. A review of the literature shows that GH secretion is consistently depressed in Cushing's disease of central origin and in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal carcinoma. When acutely administered, doses higher than 100 mg of cortisol (or equivalent amounts of other steroids) per adult are necessary to block GH secretion and the hormones have to be given several hours previously. In long-term steroid treatment, suppression of GH is observed in only 1 out of 3 patients. The effect apparently does not persist beyond elimination of the last dose, i.e. generally not longer than 12 to 24 h. These data can be taken as a rationale for intermittent or alternating dosage schedules, and for the use of short acting derivatives if long-term, high-dose steroid treatment is necessary in children. It remains to be established whether growth deficiency in exogenous hypercortisolism is due to suppression of GH secretion, decreased production of somatomedins, direct antagonism of the action of somatomedins on growing cartilage, or a combination of these mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 415-419 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 43 (1978), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intrafusal muscle fibres ; Pyridoxine ; Neuropathy ; Muscle spindles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male albino rats treated with excessive amounts of pyridoxine developed an impairment of neuromuscular function. The equatorial region of the plantar lumbrical intrafusal muscle fibres was studied in the electron microscope and the calibre of the nerve fibres was determined in semi-thin sections of the posterior tibial nerves. Degeneration of the primary sensory endings coincided with the onset of ataxia, and in more advanced stages of the neuropathy as well as after a 2-month treatment-free period the equatorial region was denervated. There was a corresponding decrease in the number of large nerve fibres. It is considered essential that primary sensory endings of lumbrical muscle spindles should be included in studies of distally accentuated sensory neuropathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 253 (1975), S. 184-184 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 273-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Stimulus velocity ; Single cell responses ; LGN ; Area 17 ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal responses to moving visual stimuli were recorded in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and area 17 of cats. Response duration (DE), number of spikes (NT), and mean frequency (FM) were estimated from the response histograms and analysed for their dependence on stimulus velocity. In the LGN, for about 2/3 of cells these response parameters changed monotonically with velocity up to about 100 °/s. In 1/3 of the cells, the response frequency was tuned to velocity. The speed at which individual cells reached a peak or plateau firing rate was correlated with their receptive field size. In area 17, most neurones were tuned to velocity. Nine out of 59 cells were insensitive to stimulus speed in that they responded equally well at stimulus velocities up to about 10 °/s. The results suggest that at higher levels in the nervous system information about velocity is represented in discrete groups of neurones. It is pointed out that different response parameters may be relevant for different perceptual phenomena associated with movement. The significance of integrational properties and lateral inhibition of nerve cells for the development of complex response properties is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 13 (1981), S. 849-863 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Acid- and aldehyde-induced fluorescence offers a highly sensitive and specific instrument for the histochemical demonstration of biogenic amines. This technique can be used to advantage for the selective identification of those neuronal structures that contain biogenic amines, namely the peripheral postganglionic sympathetic neurones and the central aminergic neuronal systems. Structural changes of impaired aminergic neurones can be ascertained from their fluorescence microscope image and correlated with light and electron microscopical observations, so that selective neurotoxic changes, such as sympathetic denervation of organs, can be detected and the reversibility of these changes tested. The degree of functional and structural changes occurring in the above neuronal systems can be easily quantified by means of microfluorimetry. The histochemical approach is restricted by the necessity of using fresh and specially fixed tissues. The possibility of numerous pitfalls in the interpretation of histochemical reactions requires the simultaneous use of other optical methods, such as light and electron microscopy, or the testing of the uptake of exogeneous amines or their precursors, whenever the occurrence of neurotoxic effects is to be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 421 (1976), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Hydroxostannate: Copperdiammine-hexahydroxostannate Cu(NH3)2Sn (OH)6Single crystals of Cu(NH3)2, Sn(OH)6, have been prepared by the reaction of K2Sn(OH)6, with Cu(NO3)2· 3 H2O in aqueous solution of NH3. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 5.643(2) Å, b = 6.621(2) Å, c = 4.885(2) Å, α = 91.83(3)°, β = 93.58(3)°, γ = 107.69(3)° and Z = 1. The crystal structure has been solved by Pattersonsyntheses. The hydrogen atoms could be localized by difference Fourier syntheses. The structure contains infinite chains of alternating Sn(OH)6- and Cu(OH)4(NH3)2-octahedra linked parallel to the b-axis by common edges. The chains are connected by hydrogen-bonding to their neighbouring chains. An almost regular octahedra is found for the coordination of the Sn-atoms, whereas the Cu(OH)4(NH3)2-octahedra show a pronounced (4+2)-distortion with two OH—-groups in the axial positions in a distance of 2.627(2) Å. The structure can also be described in terms of slightly distorted hexagonal close packed layers of oxygen and nitrogen. The metal atoms occupy 1/4 of the octahedral sites in an ordered arrangement. Thus the structure bears a close relationship to thc layer structure of α-NbI4.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Cu(NH3)2Sn(OH)3 wurden durch Umsetzung von K2Sn(OH)6 mit Cu(NO3)2 · 3 H2O in wäßriger ammoniakalischer Lösung gewonnen. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1 mit a = 5,643(2) Å, b = 6,621(2) Å, c = 4,885(2) Å, α = 91,83(3)°, β = 93,58(3)°, γ = 107,69(3)° und Z = 1. Die Kristallstruktur wurde aus Pattersonsynthesen aufgeklärt, und aus Differenzfouriersynthesen konnten auch die Positionen der Wasserstoffatome ermittelt werden. Die Struktur enthält unendliche Ketten von alternierenden Sn(OH)6-und Cu(OH)4(NH3)2-Oktaedern, welche parallel zur b-Achse über gemeinsame Kanten verknüpft sind. Die Ketten sind durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen mit ihren Nachbarketten verknüpft. Während das Sn(OH)6-Oktaeder nahezu regulär gebaut ist, zeigt das Cu(OH)4(NH3)2-Oktaeder eine ausgeprägte (4+2)-Verzerrung mit zwei OH--Gruppen in den axialen Positionen in einem Abstand von 2,627(2) Å. Die Struktur kann auch als Folge von leicht verzerrten hexagonal dichtest gepackten Schichten von Sauerstoff und Stickstoff beschrieben werden, wobei die Metallatome 1/4 der Oktaederlücken geordnet besetzen. Sie zeigt eine enge Verwandtschaft mit der Schichtstruktur des α-NbJ4.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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