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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Countercurrent distribution as a tool for purification of hypothalamic hormones on a preparative scale (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 43 (1971), S. 1527-1529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60305a035
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid chemical vapor deposition of superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1175-1177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A process has been developed that enables the rapid chemical vapor deposition of superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox. In this process a finely ground mixture of Y(tmhd)3, Ba(tmhd)2, and Cu(tmhd)2 (tmhd=2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) is slowly fed, and pneumatically transported, directly into the chemical vapor deposition furnace. Because vaporizers are not used, the number of process parameters that must be controlled is greatly reduced. Deposition rates are at least an order of magnitude greater than those achieved by reagent sublimation. Films have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and resistance versus temperature measurements. Films produced on planar MgO substrates have Tc values that are significantly higher than previously reported for MgO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103330
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural distortions of sputtered niobium nitride films (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2053-2056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structural properties of NbN thin films have been investigated as a function of vacuum and rapid thermal annealing at temperatures to 1200 °C. X-ray diffraction data were analyzed using a least-squares fit to the cubic and monoclinic structures. Vacuum annealing resulted in a multiphase material with a reduced transition temperature for annealing temperatures above 900 °C. The rapid-thermal-annealed films showed improved electrical characteristics and reduced compressive stress inferred from the monoclinic distortion for all annealing temperatures. NbN thin films sputtered with a methane/nitrogen reactive gas ratio of approximately 0.3 exhibited a slightly distorted cubic lattice and low compressive stress compared to other films sputtered in different reactive gas mixtures. The higher-temperature rapid-thermal-annealed films have structural and electrical characteristics desirable for device fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342874
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of barrier hydrogenation in NbN-based Josephson junctions (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 2586-2590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: NbN/Si/Nb tunnel junctions with hydrogenated amorphous silicon barriers were investigated for several hydrogen concentrations used during barrier deposition. Junctions with critical current densities exceeding 2 kA/cm2 were fabricated using the selective niobium anodization process junction isolation technique. The penetration depth of the NbN-base electrode material was determined to be 200 nm from the critical current magnetic field modulation period. Some junctions had figure of merit, Vm, values exceeding 40 mV which degraded with reduced junction size. Hydrogen doping of the silicon barrier produced little degradation in Vm for up to 50% of hydrogen in the argon-hydrogen sputter gas mixture. The barrier height, as determined by the Simmons model, increased with increasing hydrogen concentrations in the sputter gas, which is attributed to a decrease in the dangling bond density. Barrier heights of 40 to 350 mV were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337937
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rf bias on the superconducting and structural properties of rf magnetron sputtered NbN (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 2905-2907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The superconducting and structure properties of rf magnetron sputtered NbN films prepared at elevated substrate temperatures were investigated as a function of rf substrate bias. The superconducting transition temperature was observed to be independent of bias up to approximately −60 V after which it decreased and broadened. An increase of up to 60% in deposition rate over the unbiased case was observed. Substrate bias produced little effect on the low-temperature resistivity, resistivity ratio, and the film composition. The major structure change observed was a strong dependence of the preferred crystallite orientation on bias. At low bias the orientation was (200) which changed to (111) as the bias was increased. These materials are of excellent quality for use in all refractory tunnel junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336950
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of axial strain on the critical current of Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors in magnetic fields up to 25 T (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 858-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The irreversible strain limit εirrev for the onset of permanent axial strain damage to Ag-sheathed Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8+x and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x superconductors has been measured to be in the range of 0.2%–0.35%. This strain damage onset is about an order of magnitude higher than for bulk sintered Y-, Bi-, or Tl-based superconductors and is approaching practical values for magnet design. The measurements show that the value of εirrev is not dependent on magnetic field, nor does the critical current depend on strain below εirrev at least up to 25 T at 4.2 K. Both of these factors indicate that the observed strain effect in Ag-sheathed Bi-based superconductors is not intrinsic to the superconductor material. Rather, the effect is extrinsic and arises from superconductor fracture. Thus, the damage onset is amenable to further enhancement. Indeed, the data suggest that subdividing the superconductor into fine filaments or adding Ag to the superconductor powder prior to processing significantly enhances the damage threshold εirrev to above 0.6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107768
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical imaging of flux patterns in multifilamentary (BiPb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox composite conductors (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1270-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a study of the superconducting morphology of the transport current carrying cross section of a 19-filament (BiPb)2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) composite conductor using magneto-optical imaging of magnetic flux patterns. In conjunction with electron microscopy on the same sample this technique allows a unique correlation of superconducting and microstructural properties. Direct evidence for enhanced superconducting properties in platelike regions along the silver/Bi-2223 interface and for weak properties near the core of the filaments is obtained. Misaligned grain colonies are found to cause an interruption of the superconducting continuity in the filaments. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113259
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction induced texture of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ /Ag composite conductors (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1039-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A considerable body of evidence collected on silver-sheathed (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Bi-2223/Ag) composite conductors heat treated without any additional rolling or pressing (beyond fabrication of the initial composite) has revealed that significant texturing of the Bi-2223 grains occurs as the Bi-2223 formation reaction takes place. During heat treatment, Bi-2223 is produced via a reaction between Bi-2212 and second phases in the core of the composite. As the Bi-2223 forms, it develops texture by what appears to be a grain growth mechanism. These concurrent processes ultimately result in a well-textured, single-phase conductor even when no additional rolling or pressing is done to the initial composite. This observation raises important questions about the relative contributions of the heat treatment and deformation steps to texture development during conventional oxide-powder-in-tube processing of Bi-2223/Ag composite conductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112145
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion chemical vapor deposition: A novel thin-film deposition technique (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new open-atmosphere chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has been developed that we term combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). During CCVD a flame provides the necessary environment for the deposition of a dense film whose elemental constituents are derived from solution, vapor, or gas sources. Ag, YSZ, BaTiO3, YIG, YBa2Cu3Ox, and Y2BaCuO5 have been deposited via CCVD with the combustion of a sprayed, cation-containing, organic solution as the sole heat source. CCVD could, for some applications, be less expensive and more flexible than conventional CVD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110362
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of silver cladding on the formation and alignment of the (Bi2−xPbx)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ phase (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 690-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cross-section transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the interaction of silver with (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O phases during the formation of (Bi2−xPbx)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ (Bi-2223) in a silver-sheathed wire containing a powder composed of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) plus second phases. Observations of the interfacial regions of samples quenched at different stages of conversion revealed that (1) Bi-2212 is initially in direct contact with silver, with the (001) planes parallel to the interface; (2) an amorphous layer between Bi-2212 and silver appears during the induction period that precedes the conversion reaction; and (3) Bi-2223 is detected at the silver/powder interface hundreds of minutes before it begins to appear in regions of the powder away from the interface. The implications of these results are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110778
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