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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food intake on pharmacokinetics and effects of a new thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, S-1452 (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words S-1452 ; Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist; food ingestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of food ingestion on the pharmacokinetics of a new thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, S-1452, and the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Methods: Fifty milligrams of S-1452 was given orally to eight healthy subjects with or without food. Blood samples for determinations of plasma drug concentrations and of its effects on platelet aggregation were taken for a 12-h post-drug period. Results: The maximum plasma concentration of S-1452 was reduced by 47% and the time to maximum concentration was prolonged from 0.5 to 1.9 h after dosing with food. The inhibitory effect of S-1452 on platelet aggregations induced by U-46619, a TXA2 receptor agonist, and collagen persisted up to 9 h after dosing with and without food. The degrees of inhibition in the two trials did not differ significantly at any point. Conclusion: These results suggest that although the absorption of S-1452 is delayed and, consequently, its plasma concentration is decreased after dosing with food, the inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation is not significantly influenced after 50 mg of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050114
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian influence on effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia in healthy subjects (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; chronopharmacology ; exercise-induced tachycardia ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers ; gastio-intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a cross-over design propranolol 20 mg p.o. was given to 7 healthy subjects at 09.00 h and 21.00 h at an interval of 1 week. Heart rate (HR) during submaximal ergometer exercise was measured at four intervals during 10 h after treatment. Plasma propranolol concentrations were also determined. The suppressive effect (%R) of propranolol on the rise in HR during exercise after the morning dosage was significantly greater at 1.5 h and tended to be greater 3 h after administration than at comparable times in the evening trial. Mean plasma propranolol concentrations during the early phase were higher after the morning than the evening dose. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC (0–10)) and absorption rate constant (ka) were significantly greater after the morning dose. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of the morning and evening dosages did not differ. A significant correlation was observed between plasma propranolol concentration and %R in HR during exercise in the morning (r=0.74) and evening (r=0.63) trials, and the regression lines of the morning and evening treatments did not differ. The data indicate that the suppressive effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia was relatively greater after a morning than an evening dose; that propranolol was more rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after the morning than the evening dosage; that diurnal changes in the activity of propranolol depend in part on the time of administration and its subsequent effect on plasma concentrations of the drug; and that the antagonist activity of propranolol relative to a given drug concentration may not differ between morning and evening treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265971
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of treatment at night with S-1452, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, on the morning rise in platelet aggregation (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: S-1452 ; thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist ; nocturnal dosage ; platelet aggregation ; circadian rhythm ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is well known that platelet aggregation shows a morning rise, which may contribute to the increase in the onset of ischaemic heart diseases during the morning period. The present study was undertaken to determine whether nocturnal dosage with S-1452, a thromboxane AZ receptor antagonist, would blunt the morning rise in platelet aggregability. S-1452 50 mg or placebo were given orally to 8 healthy subjects at 10.00 h (day trial) or 22.00 h (night trial) according to a cross-over design. Plasma concentrations of S-1452 and its metabolites, bisnor-( + )-S-145 and tetranor-(+ )-S-145, and platelet aggregation were determined during the 12-hour period following the dose. Mean plasma concentrations of S-1452, bisnor-( + )-S-145 and tetranor-(+ )-S-145 during the absorption phase were lower after the nocturnal dose than after the morning dose. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve of the compounds were also lower and the time to the maximum concentration were delayed after the treatment at night. A morning rise in platelet aggregation was observed following placebo treatment. The inhibitory effect of S-1452 on platelet aggregation was observed at 3 hours and persisted for up to 9 h in both trials. The results suggest that S-1452 is absorbed more slowly after the nocturnal dose than after the morning dose. However nocturnal treatment with 50 mg S-1452 may blunt the morning rise in platelet aggregability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02285091
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal clearance of lomefloxacin is decreased by furosemide (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 267-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lomefloxacin ; Furosemide ; Renal clearance ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between lomefloxacin, a new quinolone, and furosemide, a loop diuretic, has been examined. Oral lomefloxacin 200 mg and furosemide 40 mg were given together or separately to 8 healthy subjects, and blood and urine samples were obtained over the following 12 h. The plasma concentrations of lomefloxacin following coadministration with furosemide were higher than after lomefloxacin alone and its AUC was increased, and its total and renal clearances were decreased. No change in the pharmacokinetics of furosemide was found after coadministration of lomefloxacin. As quinolones and furosemide are reported to be excreted in urine by the renal tubular anion transport system, the present results suggest that the renal tubular secretion of lomefloxacin is diminished by furosemide. It is not clear whether this pharmacokinetic interaction might be clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192560
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in serum total concentrations of cholesterol and protein in elderly subjects
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 212 (1992), S. 85-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Elderly subject ; Seasonal variation ; Total cholesterol ; Total protein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0009-8981(92)90141-C
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of β-methyldigoxin and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization immunoassay
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 489 (1989), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)82925-4
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacology and clinical trials in Japan (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Clinical pharmacology ; Clinical trials ; Drug development ; Drug therapeutics ; Informed consent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Clinical pharmacology is the pursuit of rational therapeutics by following the scientific principles of medicine and pharmacology. In Japan the roles for clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacologists have been evolving since the discipline appeared in the 1950s. Clinical pharmacology and clinical trials for drug development depend on each other, and clinical pharmacologists play an important role in drug development in Japan. As the discipline becomes more important and complicated, many issues regarding drug therapeutics and clinical trials in Japan have been raised, and several points of view have been expressed. The following suggestions have been made to improve clinical pharmacology in Japan: (a) Medical education in the field of clinical pharmacology must be improved by creating or improving clinical pharmacology programs in medical schools. (b) The appropriate infrastructure for clinical trials must be established so that the physicians’ workload is reduced, and patients’ participation in clinical trials becomes much easier. (c) Scientific and ethical standards of the pharmaceutical industry must be improved, and the effort should be made to produce drugs with new mechanisms of action or with significant expected benefits. (d) The regulatory agency must provide stronger support, encompassing all the various points of view of academic institutes and the pharmaceutical industry. In light of the enthusiasm demonstrated by the government, physicians, and pharmaceutical industry in Japan for continued progress in clinical pharmacology, it seems likely that all its challenges will be overcome in the near future. Hence, despite the various problems discussed here the future seems promising for the continued development of clinical pharmacology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050050
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacology and clinical trials in Japan (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Clinical pharmacology ; Clinical trials ; Drug development ; Drug therapeutics ; Informed consent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical pharmacology is the pursuit of rational therapeutics by following the scientific principles of medicine and pharmacology. In Japan the roles for clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacologists have been evolving since the discipline appeared in the 1950s. Clinical pharmacology and clinical trials for drug development depend on each other, and clinical pharmacologists play an important role in drug development in Japan. As the discipline becomes more important and complicated, many issues regarding drug therapeutics and clinical trials in Japan have been raised, and several points of view have been expressed. The following suggestions have been made to improve clinical pharmacology in Japan: (a) Medical education in the field of clinical pharmacology must be improved by creating or improving clinical pharmacology programs in medical schools. (b) The appropriate infrastructure for clinical trials must be established so that the physicians' workload is reduced, and patients' participation in clinical trials becomes much easier. (c) Scientific and ethical standards of the pharmaceutical industry must be improved, and the effort should be made to produce drugs with new mechanisms of action or with significant expected benefits. (d) The regulatory agency must provide stronger support, encompassing all the various points of view of academic institutes and the pharmaceutical industry. In light of the enthusiasm demonstrated by the government, physicians, and pharmaceutical industry in Japan for continued progress in clinical pharmacology, it seems likely that all its challenges will be overcome in the near future. Hence, despite the various problems discussed here the future seems promising for the continued development of clinical pharmacology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217525
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progression of osteoporosis in cancellous bone depending on trabecular structure (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 22 (1994), S. 532-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Trabecular structure ; Bone metabolism ; Femoral neck fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Progression of osteoporosis is caused by a decline in bone formation activity relative to the resorption activity. In this paper, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the progression of osteoporosis to estimate the osteoporotic change in the upper end of the femur. According to this analysis, the progression rate of osteoporosis in cancellous bone depends on the product of remodeling activity,R act, and the trabecular structure parameter,K tr. To confirm that the theoretical results were reasonably comparable to actual osteoporotic change, these two factors were measured in rabbits. From the results, it was concluded that the highest progression rate was shown in bar/barlike trabecular structure (type 3); the next highest rate, was shown in plate/bar-like structure (type 2); and the plate/plate-like structure (type 1) was the most insensible. Furthermore, the bone volume fractions of cancellous bone were measured at the upper end of human femurs with and without osteoporosis. Then the measured value was compared with the theoretical value for each type of trabecular structure. Results showed that the decrease in bone volume fraction predicted by Eq. 7 was well in accord with the actual decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367089
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