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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous stimulation of uric acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in chicken hepatocytes by α-adrenergic action of epinephrine and calcium
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 139 (1982), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(82)80479-1
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyruvate kinase type M"2 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 242 (1988), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Rous sarcoma virus) ; Pyruvate kinase ; Transformation ; Tyrosine phosphorylation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(88)81014-7
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular blebbing in superficial colonic epithelial cells occurring with murine graft-versus-host disease (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Graft-versus-host disease ; Cell blebs ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Subnuclear blebbing of the superficial colonic epithelium, a rarely described light and electron microscopic change in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), was studied in a murine model of GVHD. Severity of changes induced by transfer of various donor T cell subsets to irradiated, allogeneic recipients, and association with more severe alterations such as erosions and ulceration were evaluated. By light microscopy the basal region of the superficial enterocytes was greatly expanded by eosinophilic to amphophilic, flocculent, sometimes vacuolated material. By electron microscopy these changes were found to be organelle-poor, cytoplasm-filled protrusions from the basal surface of the epithelium. In this model, helper T cells (CD4+-enriched, CD8+-depleted T cells) transplanted after high dose irradiation were capable of causing the change suggesting cytokine responses may be involved in mediating the cellular injury seen histologically. Close association of blebbing and erosions suggest the blebbing may be the precursor to epithelial erosion or denudation seen in severe intestinal GVHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194699
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L- and M2- pyruvate kinase expression in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: L-pyruvate kinase ; M2-pyruvate kinase ; Kidney neoplasms ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using immunohistochemical and enzyme biochemical methods we investigated the expression of L- and M2-pyruvate kinase (PK) in normal renal tissue, renal cell carcinomas (RCCs; of clear cell, chromophilic cell and mixed cell type) and RCC metastases. L-PK was expressed in the proximal tubules of normal renal tissue and, to a variable extent, in 23/25 primary RCCs, in 1 RCC recurrence and in 10 RCC metastases. Staining intensity and percentage of stained tissue did not correlate with tumour grade. One renal oncocytoma and all extrarenal malignancies examined lacked L-PK immunoreactivity. M2-PK was mainly expressed in the distal tubules of the normal kidney and was found in all renal tumours as well as extrarenal malignancies. Quantitative biochemical investigations yielded a two- to seventeen-fold increase in PK activity in RCCs compared to the normal renal cortex taken from the same patient, whereas fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was dramatically lower in RCCs. Otherwise, the activity of all other enzymes investigated (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase and lactate dehydrogenase) was not significantly changed in the RCCs. The immunocytochemical results suggest that L-PK is a useful marker for RCC and its metastases, if acetone-fixed tissue is available. The quantitative changes of the concentration of PK and other enzymes in RCCs when compared with normal renal tissue probably reflect metabolic alterations related to tumour growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193498
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in preneoplastic hepatic foci of N-nitrosomorpholine-treated rats (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 434 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Pyruvate kinase isoenzymes ; N-Nitrosomorpholine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The expression of the pyruvate kinase (PK) isoenzymes L and M2 was analysed in the livers of rats treated with the hepatocarcinogenic agent N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) in the drinking water. In control animals L-PK expression was restricted to liver parenchymal cells, whereas M2-PK was detected in bile duct epithelial, blood vessel wall, endothelial and Kupffer cells. In rats treated with NNM proliferating oval cells were consistently L-PK negative and M2-PK positive, while the ductal cells of cholangiofibroses were clearly L-PK positive and coexpressed M2-PK. However, no morphological differentiation of ductal cells into hepatocyte-like cells was observed. In the clear and acidophilic cell foci storing glycogen in excess strong staining for L-PK was observed. In glycogen-poor foci induced by NNM a shift from L-PK to M2-PK expression takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050330
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quercetin inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation by the cyclic nucleotide-independent, transforming protein kinase, pp60src (1981)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 317 (1981), S. 100-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Quercetin ; Tyrosine Phosphorylation ; Protein kinase activity ; Tumor virus ; Flavonoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The bioflavonoid quercetin is a potent inhibitor of a cyclic nucleotide-independent, tumor virus-coded protein kinase which phosphorylates tyrosine residues and acts as a cellular transforming protein. Half-maximal inhibition of the protein kinase occurred at 3–4 μM quercetin whereas rutin was much less effective. The finding, that quercetin inhibits a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase activity, may provide clues to the diverse pharmacological effects of the bioflavonoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00506266
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in chicken tissues (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 64 (1979), S. 145-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method for the localization of pyruvate kinase isoenzymes type L, M2 and M1 in tissue sections is described. Mono-specific antibodies directed against isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase from chicken and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method were used. The following preferential localizations of the isoenzymes in chicken tissues were observed: Pyruvate kinase M1 was found in skeletal muscle. The white muscle fibers were more intensely stained than the red. Some dark muscles (e.g., anterior latissimus dorsi) and the heart muscle showed no reaction with antiserum against pyruvate kinase M1. Pyruvate kinase type L was found in the hepatocytes and in kidney cortex. Pyruvate kinase type M2 was seen in the distal tubules of kidney, in hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells in liver, in lung, adipose tissue, and in the spleen mainly in the bursa dependent areas. Pyruvate kinase type M2 was detected in high concentrations in the granulation tissue of type M2 was detected in high concentrations in the granulation tissue of regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy. Liver sections of a hen bearing a pancreatic tumor showed an unusually high content of pyruvate kinase type M2 in some hepatocytes, which were each clustered to spots in the liver parenchyma. Thus, contrary to previous reports, the tissue distribution of isoenzymes in chicken is similar to that of other vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490095
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Phosphometabolites in Cell Proliferation, Energy Metabolism, and Tumor Therapy (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 29 (1997), S. 315-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Glycolysis ; pyruvate kinase type M2 ; glutaminolysis ; hydrogen shuttles ; phosphometabolites ; AMP ; NADH ; NADPH ; apoptosis ; tumor therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A common characteristic of tumor cells is the constant overexpression of glycolytic and glutaminolytic enzymes. In tumor cells the hyperactive hexokinase and the partly inactive pyruvate kinase lead to an expansion of all phosphometabolites from glucose 6-phosphate to phosphoenolpyruvate. In addition to the glycolytic phosphometabolites, synthesis of their metabolic derivatives such as P-ribose-PP, NADH, NADPH, UTP, CTP, and UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine is also enhanced during cell proliferation. Another phosphometabolite derived from P-ribose-PP, AMP, inhibits cell proliferation. The accumulation of AMP inhibits both P-ribose-PP-synthetase and the increase in concentration of phosphometabolites derived from P-ribose-PP. In cells with low glycerol 3-phosphate and malate-aspartate shuttle capacities the inhibition of the lactate dehydrogenase by low NADH levels leads to an inhibition of glycolytic ATP production. Several tumor-therapeutic drugs reduce NAD and NADH levels, thereby inhibiting glycolytic energy production. The role of AMP, NADH, and NADPH levels in the success of chemotherapeutic treatment is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022490512705
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