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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the primitive and maturing elements of human cerebral medulloepitheliomas (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Medulloepithelioma ; Cytoskeletal proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four examples of human cerebral medulloepithelioma were studied immunohistochemically with a panel of antibodies and antisera to neuronal and glial proteins. The tumors, in addition to primitive medullary epithelium, contained areas of neuroblastic, ganglionic, astrocytic, ependymoblastic and ependymal differentiation, and, in one tumor, areas resembling polar spongioblastoma. Tumor cells throughout the primitive medullary epithelium displayed focal immunocreactivity for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and for the neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype. Neuroblasts showed immunoreactivity for the class III β-tubulin isotype, microtubule-associated protein 2 and neuron-specific enolase. Immunoreactivity for neurofilament epitopes and synaptophysin was detected in areas of ganglionic differentiation and coincided with the demonstration of neurofibrils in Bielschowsky's silver impregnations. Vimentin was the only marker detected in ependymoblastic and ependymal rosettes or in areas of polar spongioblastoma, as well as in mesenchymal, cells. The results indicate that, even in very primitive neoplastic neuroepithelium, immunocytochemical evidence of early commitment of some of the cells to a neuronal or glial lineage can be demonstrated. The neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype appears to be one of the earliest markers indicative of neuronal differentiation in normal and neoplastic primitive neuroepithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294658
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain-associated cell surface antigens on neuroepithelial cells in a transplantable mouse teratoma (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuroepithelial differentiation ; Microcomplement fixation ; Indirect immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse neonatal brain cell fractions enriched for surface membranes were used as immunogens to produce a heterologous immune serum. Following absorption to remove non-neural anti-mouse activity, this serum demonstrated by microcomplement fixation an anti-brain activity that was completely removed by absorption with neonatal mouse brain or with solid tumors of the mouse transplantable teratoma OTT-6050. Indirect immunofluorescence applied to living monolayer cultures of differentiating teratoma embryoid bodies showed the absorbed serum's reaction with neural cell surfaces only. In material studied with frozen sections, the absorbed serum recognized antigenic sites in all examined areas of both neonatal and adult mouse brain, and only within neuroepithelial cell populations of solid transplants of the teratoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691708
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability of laminin immunoreactivity in human autopsy brain (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 97 (1992), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Laminin immunoreactivity is thought to be masked in formalin-fixed sections since proteolytic treatment is required to unmask it. We analyzed this masking with frozen and formalin-fixed human autopsy brains obtained at various postmortem periods. In unfixed, frozen sections, intense immunoreactivity was invariably detected in vascular walls of entire sections. When such sections were postfixed in formalin, immunoreactivity was not diminished even after prolonged fixation. In vibratome sections of brain fixed in formalin in situ, immunoreactivity varied with postmortem delay: in most cases, immunoreactivity was weak and restricted to superficial cortical layers. However, the extent of immunoreactivity increased with postmortem delay. Two cases fixed after prolonged postmortem periods revealed moderate immunoreactivity throughout the sections. We also investigated rat brains processed without postmortem delay. In unfixed frozen sections, immunoreactivity again was observed throughout the sections, independent of the length of any postfixation. In vibratome sections of fixed rat brain, immunoreactivity was restricted to the cutting margins of the brain blocks and around a trauma-induced cortical lesion, regardless of how long the blocks had been kept in fixative. Our data suggest that postmortem proteolysis accomplishes similar unmasking of laminin antigen as digestion on paraffin sections and that such unmasking can also be effected by proteolysis induced by damaging tissue during cryostat sectioning of fresh tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267633
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunologic Recognition of cell surface antigens in normal mouse neural tissues and in neuroepithelial cells of the OTT-6050 mouse teratoma (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 214-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neural cell surface antigens ; Neural differentiation ; Mouse teratoma ; Radioimmune assay ; Immunoperoxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rabbit antiserum against mouse neonatal brain cell surface membranes labeled by immunoperoxidase (PAP) the cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems of adult and neonatal mice and their processes, as well as the differentiating neuroepithelial cells of three OTT-6050 mouse teratoma-derived tumors. Indirect immunofluorescence on living 14-day-old monolayer cultures of neonatal mouse brain demonstrated reaction of the immune serum with external surface membrane antigens of neuroblasts and of primitive and mature glial cells. Radioimmune assays (RIA) showed almost complete loss of antiserum binding to neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes after absorption with adult or neonatal mouse brain membranes, and no loss of binding after absorption by liver, spleen, kidney, and heart membranes. Cross-reactivity of the immune serum to several non-neural cell types was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase on sperm and sperm-precursors, on moderate numbers of epithelial cells in the medulla of adult mouse thymus, and, in the neonate, on a range of mesenchymal cells. This cross-reactivity was reflected in the RIA by a moderate reduction of immune serum binding to neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes after absorption with testis pellets and with thymus membranes. PAP staining showed loss of crossreactivity after testis or thymus absorption, without climination of neural cell recognition. Absorption with adult or neonatal mouse brain eliminated cross-reactivity. In the teratoma-derived tumors, absorption of the antiserum with testis or thymus eliminated or markedly reduced the PAP staining of primitive neuroepithelial cells, and only moderately reduced, but did not remove, that of neural cells in the mature neuropil. Among the proteins of neonatal mouse brain plasma membranes separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, there were six distinct bands indicating major proteins ranging from 26,000–54,000 daltons. Autoradiography of the antigen-antibody complexes with125I protein A on the same gels demonstrated three discrete bands of activity at 10,000–12,000, 76,000, and 97,000 daltons, and one greater than 130,000 daltons, suggesting that the immune serum recognizes only minor protein components of the mouse brain plasma membranes. The application of the PAP method to the recognition of neural cell surface antigens considerably enhances the potential of this antiserum as a tool for the early identification of primitive neural cells in the experimental mouse teratoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690638
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of human glioblastomas maintained in an organ culture system (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioblastomas ; Organ culture method ; Autoradiography ; Kinetics ; Growth fraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five human glioblastomas maintained in an organ culture system were studied by autoradiography to determine, after 8 days in vitro, the growth fraction (GF) of the explants, their total cell cycle time (T C) and cell cycle phase durations (T S,T G1,T G2 andT M), and their potential doubling time (T pot) after pulse-labeling with [3H] TdR for 1 h. These parameters were derived from computer analysis of fraction of labeled mitoses (FLM) curves. The results fell into two groups. In two tumors, the cultures had a GF of 0.25 and 0.23. From the FLM curves were derived aT C of 89 and 83 h, aT S of 16.5 and 9.5 h, and aT G1 of 60 and 61 h.T M was estimated at 0.9 and 0.6 h, andT G2 12h. TheT pot was 12 days. These values approximate those reported for glioblastomas and other human malignancies in vivo. The explants of three other glioblastomas gave different FLM curves: the derivedT S were increased to 36 and 55 h, estimatedT M ranged from 2.4 to 4.5 h, andT G2 ranged from 11 to 20 h.T C andT G1 could not be estimated. In two tumors the GF was reduced to 0.12 and 0.11, with aT pot of respectively 52 and 39 days. These values are comparable to those reported for astrocytomas of intermediate malignancy. In the third tumor, the GF was only 0.014. The reduction in GF and the lengthening of cell cycle components in this group of explants are similar to the kinetic changes reported in some in vivo tumors and three-dimensional in vitro systems that have reached a plateau stage of growth. They are probably related to the greater opportunities for cell-to-cell contacts and the resulting increased differentiation favored by the organ culture technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688379
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors: Current concepts and future challenges (1987)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 5 (1987), S. 343-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Keywords: embryonal tumors ; central nervous system ; growth factors ; indoleamines ; receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary While the embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors present complex conceptual and clinical problems, advances in cell type identification by special neurohistological, immunohisto- and immunocytochemical techniques have permitted discrimination of distinct cytomorphogenetic entities. These are based in part on their resemblance to the normal phases of neurocytogenesis. Four of these tumors, medulloepithelioma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, pineoblastoma and medulloblastoma, are designated as multipotential in light of their capacity to undergo divergent differentiation. Cytomorphogenetic, clinical and experimental data implicate fetal neural cell targets for transformation and raise the possibility that aberrant developmental regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the biologic behavior of these tumors. Growth factors and some neuroregulatory neurotransmitters (such as serotonin) are known to act as modulators of normal neuromorphogenesis. They could play a regulatory role in central neuroepithelial tumors on the hypothesis that the aberrant behavior of the embryonal neoplasms could either be modified by fuctional receptor responses or result from abnormal receptor responses to these substances. Future challenges include 1) the definition of new cytomorphogenetic entities and subgroups of the currently defined forms of embryonal CNS tumors based on the presence of specific growth factors and neuroregulatory neurotransmitters, or their receptors, 2) the characterization of neoplastic receptor responses mediating any modulatory role of the presently known growth factors or neuroregulatory neurotransmitters on the growth and maturation potential of the embryonal central neuroepithelial tumors and 3) the further definition of developmental, stage-specific modulators that might be operative in these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055377
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic characterization of neurotensin receptors in the entorhinal cortex of schizophrenic patients and control subjects (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 102 (1995), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; neurotensin ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotensin, an endogenous peptide and putative neurotransmitter, exhibits a wide range of interactions with dopaminergic neurons and displays some actions akin to neuroleptics. Moreover, neurotensin receptors are abundant in specific layers of the entorhinal cortex where cytoarchitectural abnormalites have been reported in schizophrenia. We therefore examined the entorhinal cortex from postmortem specimens of five control patients and six schizophrenic patients for alterations in neurotensin receptor quantitation and distribution using receptor autoradiography. Specific125I-neurotensin binding was concentrated in layer II cell clusters, with a 40% reduction in binding in the schizophrenic group (p〈0.05). Moderate binding was observed in both cohorts in deep layers V/VI, with negligible binding in the hippocampus. There was no statistical difference in quantitative neurotensin binding in other lamina of the entorhinal cortex of schizophrenics compared with controls. The characteristic laminar pattern of binding did not differ between cohorts. The reduction in neurotensin binding in schizophrenics is consistent with an increasing number of reports of structural abnormalities in the medial temporal lobe of schizophrenics in general and the entorhinal cortex in particular. Further studies are required to examine the evidence for neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathology in the entorhinal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276565
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