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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1096-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The repetitive cycles of a few monolayers hydrogenated silicon deposition and its oxidation has been employed for the growth of SiO2. The surface reaction is promoted by an alternate irradiation of silicon hydride radical beam produced by the upstream pulsed microwave discharge of SiH4 and discharged oxygen beam. The deposition rate is controlled by the flow velocity of silane gas jet and substrate temperature. It is shown that the deposition species ejected with supersonic velocity into a high vacuum reactor conformably fills the SiO2 film into a deep Si trench.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104284
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Liouville approach: Formulation of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2986-2995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of a previous paper [Phys. Rev. A 50, 2989 (1994)], this article develops and describes in detail the new nonperturbative approach to the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3)g(ω) in third-harmonic generation (THG), electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation (EFISH), degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), electric-field-induced optical rectification (EFIOR), and electric-field-induced Kerr effect (EFIKE) for N-state quantum systems interacting with intense electric fields. The present method utilizes the Fourier transformation of numerically exact solutions of the Liouville equation, so that it can provide both real and imaginary nonlinear optical spectra valid for arbitrary laser intensities, frequencies, and relaxation. As an application of the method, we investigate the characteristics of nonlinear optical spectra in THG, EFISH, and DFWM for a three-state model that mimics the electronic excited states of t-octatetraene obtained from a full configuration interaction (FCI) calculation using the Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) Hamiltonian. Comparisons between the present nonperturbative and the conventional perturbative results are also carried out. The magnitudes of the third-order nonlinear susceptibilities in the off-resonant region show the following trend: χ(3)(THG)(approximately-greater-than)χ(3)(EFISH)(approximately-greater-than)χ(3)(DFWM), with χ(3)(THG) exhibiting the largest frequency dispersion. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468607
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Liouville approach: Three-type analysis of virtual excitation processes of third-order nonlinear optical spectra in third-harmonic generation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 2996-3004 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis method based on virtual excitation processes is developed in numerical Liouville approach, which is a new nonperturbative method presented before. In this analysis method (NLA three-type analysis method), third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities χ(3)g(ω) obtained by the NLA method can be divided into the three-type virtual excitation processes similar to the three-type analysis based on the time-dependent perturbation theory (TDPT three-type analysis). The NLA three-type analysis method is superior to the TDPT three-type analysis one in the points as follows: (1) the NLA three-type analysis can treat the phenomena caused by the intensity-dependent nonlinear susceptibilities including nonperturbative effects and (2) the NLA three-type analysis can divide the resonant nonlinear susceptibilities into three types of virtual excitation processes. In order to explain the procedure of the present analysis, we try to elucidate the characteristics of virtual excitation processes of nonlinear optical spectra in THG for a three-state model that mimics the electronic excited states of a system with noncentrosymmetric charge distribution. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468608
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of proximal tooth contact tightness at rest and during clenching (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The aims of this study were to develop a device for measuring the tightness of proximal tooth contact and to evaluate the proximal contact tightness using this device at rest and during clenching. Twenty young adult volunteers with healthy dentition participated in this experiment. The tightness of proximal tooth contact between the second premolar and the first molar of both the maxilla and the mandible was measured by pulling a stainless steel strip between them at rest, and at 20 and 50% clenching levels of maximum voluntary contraction of masseter muscles at intercuspal position. Proximal contact tightness increased as the clenching levels of both the maxilla and the mandible increased. At rest, proximal contact tightness was less in the maxilla than in the mandible, whereas during clenching it was less in the mandible. These results indicate that during clenching, the teeth are displaced and they contact appropriately with adjacent teeth, making it possible to exert sufficient occlusal force while maintaining the integrity of dental arches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01181.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative study of bite force during sleep associated bruxism (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nocturnal bite force during sleep associated bruxism was measured in 10 subjects. Hard acrylic dental appliances were fabricated for the upper and lower dentitions of each subject. Miniature strain-gauge transducers were mounted to the upper dental appliance at the right and left first molar regions. In addition, thin metal plates that contact the strain-gauge transducers were attached to the lower dental appliance. After a 1-week familiarization with the appliances, nocturnal bite force was measured for three nights at the home of each subject. From the 30 recordings, 499 bruxism events that met the definition criteria were selected. The above described system was also used to measure the maximum voluntary bite forces during the daytime. The mean amplitude of detected bruxism events was 22·5 kgf (s.d. 13·0 kgf) and the mean duration was 7·1 s (s.d. 5·3 s). The highest amplitude of nocturnal bite force in individual subjects was 42·3 kgf (15·6–81·2 kgf). Maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime was 79·0 kgf (51·8–99·7 kgf) and the mean ratio of nocturnal/daytime maximum bite force was 53·1% (17·3–111·6%). These data indicate that nocturnal bite force during bruxism can exceed the amplitude of maximum voluntary bite force during the daytime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00692.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of Interleukins in Synergistic Effect of Bu-WSA on Concanavalin A-Induced DNA Synthesis in Mouse Splenic Lymphocytes (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotti was mitogenic to murine splenic B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes. When murine splenic cells were cultured in the presence of Bu-WSA and concanavalin A (Con A) together. [3H|thymidine uptake of the culture cells synergically increased. The mechanism of the synergy of Con A and Bu-WSA and the participation of interleukin (IL) 1 and 2 in the synergy were studied. The proliferation cells in the synergy were I yt-1− 23− lymphocytes.’la-positive accessory cells were required for the response. When separated cell populations and Marbrook-type culture vessels were used, a mixed cell population of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes or macrophages (Mφ) produced some active factor(s) after co-stimulation by Con A and Bu-WSA, and the factors enhanced DNA synthesis of another Con A-activatcd T lymphocyte population. Supernatants obtained from the spleen cell cultures or the mixed cell cultures with T lymphocytes and Mφ in the presence of Con A and Bu-WSA contained greater amounts of IL-1 and IL-2 than those from cultures containing Con A or Bu-WSA alone. An addition of exogenous IL-1 or IL-2 to spleen cell cultures with Con A resulted in a proliferative response like that obtained through co-stimulation by Con A and Bu-WSA. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of Con A and Bu-WSA on the proliferative response in murine splenic cells is sustained by the enhancement of production of these T-lymphocyte growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02097.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of inhibitory effects by platelets on super-oxide anion generation from stimulated neutrophils in a severe bronchial asthmatic (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood was drawn from healthy human volunteers and a 30-year-old woman with severe bronchial asthma (atopic and perennial type), whose peripheral blood platelets counts were continuously higher than 60 × 104/mm1. Neutrophils were purified on a Conray-Ficoll gradient and platelets were isolated by a gel filtration method with Sepharose 2B. Superoxide anion (02−) generation from the cells was measured by 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]purazin-3–one (MCLA)-dependent luminescence. Addition of 0.5 μM MCLA and 10−8M N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or 10 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to a suspension of platelets obtained from the healthy controls and the patient caused no significant MCLA-dependent luminescence. Of generation by neutrophils from healthy human volunteers, activated by 10−8 M fMLP or 10 ng/ml PMA, was inhibited by their platelets in a concentration-dependent manner. Platelets from the patient failed to inhibit 02− generation from neutrophils activated by 10−8 M fMLP. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase concentrations in platelets from healthy human volunteers were not higher than the patient's. These data suggest that the absence of inhibition of superoxide generation from activated neutrophils by platelets might be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00566.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal patch anaesthesia: comparison of 10% lignocaine gel with absorption promoter and EMLA cream (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The analgesic effects of transdermally applied 10% lignocaine aquagel containing 3% glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium (as an absorption enhancer) and EMLA cream were compared on the forearms of 34 adult volunteers in a double-blind fashion. The mean pinprick pain scores (graded by noting the number of painful pinpricks out of five) at 30, 60 and 90 min after application and 30 min after removal of the anaesthetics were 3.3 (0.3) (mean SE), 1.2 (0.3), 0.3 (0.1) and 0.3 (0.1) respectively, in the lignocaine gel group. Corresponding scores were 3.5 (0.3), 1.5 (0.3), 0.7 (0.2) and 0.1 (0.1) respectively, in the EMLA group. Insertion of a 26-gauge needle into the treated skin to a depth of 1 mm at 90 min after application was not painful in 91% of the volunteers in the lignocaine gel group and 88% of those in the EMLA group. There was no significant difference in any of the corresponding pain scores between the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07010.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermal patch anaesthesia for venous cannulation with 10% lignocaine gel containing glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The clinical efficacy of transdermal 10% lignocaine gel mixture containing 3% w/w glycyrrhetinic acid monohemiphthalate disodium as an absorption promoter was evaluated at venous cannulation in 17 paediatric (6–11 years) and 17 adult (29–65 years) patients. After about 60 min of occlusive application, the mean (SD) pinprick pain score was 0.7 (0.7) in the paediatric group, compared with 1.4 (1.3) in the adults (p 〈 0.05). Twenty-five patients (14 children and 11 adults) who had a pinprick score of 0 or 1 underwent venous cannulation without intradermal local anaesthetic. The mean (SD) pain scores at venepuncture showed no significant differences between children and adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02398.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible involvement of superoxide anion in the induction of cyanide-resistant respiration in Hansenula anomala
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 302 (1992), S. 217-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Chemiluminescence ; Cyanide-resistant respiration ; Mitochondria ; Superoxide anion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(92)80444-L
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