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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin polarized neutron scattering study of NiCo/Cu multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4769-4771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spin polarized neutron reflectometry measurements were performed on Ni80Co20/Cu multilayers with a Cu spacer thickness of 20 A(ring), corresponding to the second oscillation peak in the magnetoresistance of the NiCo/Cu multilayer system. Measurements in a 15 Oe field indicate a nearly perfect antiferromagnetic stacking of the magnetic moments in successive Ni80Co20 layers. The existence of a small magnetic anisotropy in these magnetically soft multilayers leads to the canting of the magnetic moments at an angle of ∼70° with respect to the neutron spin polarization. This interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling can be suppressed by an applied field of ∼200 Oe. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361667
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of nanostructured Sm2Fe17Cx compounds prepared by ball milling : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5536-5538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of ball-milled nanocrystalline Sm2Fe17Cx interstitial compounds has been investigated. Sm2Fe17Cx decomposes into a mixture of phases upon annealing above a certain decomposition temperature, Td1, which depends on the carbon concentration in the compound. Annealing above a certain temperature Td2((approximately-greater-than)Td1), the Sm2Fe14C phase starts to form. The amount of the Sm2Fe14C phase increases with increasing annealing temperature at the expense of the Sm2Fe17 carbide until Tr1, at which temperature Sm2Fe14C starts to recombine with other phases to form the Sm2Fe17 carbide. For the starting composition with x〈1.5, the Sm2Fe17Cx single phase can be recovered above the recovery temperature Tr2((approximately-greater-than)Tr1). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362301
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulk anisotropic magnet of Sm2Fe17 type produced from the carbide by gas-solid reaction after sintering (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6559-6560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bulk anisotropic magnets with the composition of Sm2(Fe,M)17CxNy (M=metal) have been produced by conventional powder sintering of the carbide, followed by gas-solid reaction. The results show that this is a very promising technique for producing high-performance bulk anisotropic magnets based on intercalated rare-earth–iron compounds. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363646
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoimpedance effect in soft and ultrasoft magnetic fibers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5136-5138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Soft NiFe-Permalloy fibers and ultrasoft NiCo-based amorphous fibers, having a circular cross section with 30–40 μm in diameter, have been cast by melt extraction. The fibers have been driven by a sinusoidal current with 20 mApp constant amplitude and frequencies from 0.1 to 100 MHz. Both longitudinal and transverse giant magnetoimpedance effects have been observed in these fibers. The longitudinal GMI effect at 30 MHz was 60% in ultrasoft (NiCo)70FeSiBMn fibers for a saturating field of about 7 kA/m. The same effect was found at 10 MHz frequency for Permalloy fibers for a larger saturating field (20 kA/m). The transverse GMI effect was smaller (≈35% for NiCo and ≈20% for NiFe), and showed a maximum at low frequency (3 MHz). The magnetic field responses of the fibers are quadratic. An inverse effect of 10%–30% was observed for both types of fibers in longitudinal as well as in transverse field responses at high current frequency and low field strength. All of the observed effects could prove to be very useful for a new generation of high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361532
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of structure and magnetoresistance in granular Ni(Fe,Co)/Ag multilayers: Dependence on magnetic layer thickness : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)−intermag conferenc (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6796-6798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Structural and magnetoresistance results on annealed sputtered (Ni81Fe19, Ni66Fe16Co18)/Ag granular multilayers are presented. Structural evolution has shown that highly (111) textured, discontinuous layered structures can persist on annealing up to 400 °C. The average magnetic particle size is controlled by the annealing temperature and the initial magnetic layer thickness. No giant magnetoresistance was observed in the as-deposited films, while significant MR was found after annealing between 300 °C and 400 °C. Magnetoresistance over 30%, together with a small saturation field, was found at 4.2 K for a starting magnetic thickness of 4 A(ring). Increasing the magnetic layer thickness to 20 A(ring) greatly improves the magnetic thermal stability, and leads to high magnetoresistive sensitivities of up to 0.35%/Oe in a field of 10 Oe at room temperature. The magnetization hysteresis, anisotropy, and magnetic interaction in such a granular multilayer are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358133
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cumulative interface roughness and magnetization in antiferromagnetically coupled NiCo/Cu multilayers : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7084-7086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cumulative interface roughness and its influence on the magnetization process in antiferromagnetically coupled (Ni80Co20/Cu)×N multilayers is studied. In these multilayers, Cu and Ni80Co20 thicknesses are fixed at 20 and 15 A(ring), respectively, in order to obtain the antiferromagnetic coupling at the second oscillation peak of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) versus Cu thickness. Low-angle x-ray reflectivity measurements show that cumulative interface roughness increases with increasing bilayer number N. In-plane magnetization hysteresis measured with both SQUID and surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) magnetometers are compared. When the cumulative interface roughness is significant, SMOKE hysteresis loops, which are sensitive to the top 5 or 6 magnetic layers, display a nonlinear plateau region at small fields. Comparison of low-angle x-ray, and SMOKE results show that interfaces of relatively high quality in top layers only exist for sputtered multilayer with N〈10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358528
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray reciprocal-space mapping of strain relaxation and tilting in linearly graded InAlAs buffers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3578-3584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extent of relaxation and orientation of linearly graded InxAl1-xAs (x=0.05–0.25) buffers grown on GaAs were examined using a novel x-ray diffraction reciprocal-space mapping technique (kmap). Samples were grown at temperatures ranging from 370 to 550 °C. The fractional relaxation of the buffers grown between 470 and 550 °C was essentially identical (77%) and symmetric in orthogonal 〈110〉 directions. These buffers are believed to be in equilibrium indicating that the incomplete relaxation is not a kinetic effect. The extent of relaxation was less than that expected for equilibrium relaxation in the absence of dislocation–dislocation interactions indicating that such interactions must be considered to accurately predict the extent of relaxation. The saturation of the relaxation as a function of temperature indicates that at the grading rate used (8% In/μm or 0.69% strain/μm), we are not working in a growth regime where the relaxation is nucleation limited. In addition, all the buffers are slightly tilted with respect to the GaAs substrate about [11¯0] toward the [110] direction suggesting either a bias in the dislocation types in the boule-grown GaAs, or a bias in the way in which α and β dislocations interact with unintentional substrate miscuts. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361410
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aligned Sm2Fe17−δ Mδ CxNy (M=metal) magnet produced by post-sintering-gas-solid reaction : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4557-4559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The principle is discussed for nitriding a sintered Sm2(Fe,M)17Cx (M=metal) intermetallic compound. It is found that a bulk anisotropic magnet with the main composition of Sm2(Fe,M)17CxNy can be formed with a density of about 90% of full density. The physical integrity of the magnet is retained. As an example, an anisotropic magnet with the composition of Sm2Fe16.6Cr0.4C1.2Ny shows a coercivity of 6.3 kOe, a remanence, Mr, of 790 G, and an energy product of 15 MGOe at room temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365426
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared spectroscopy of thin silicon dioxide on silicon (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1934-1936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An infrared technique has been devised to study the structure of very thin films on substrates of high refractive index. Optical spectrum amplification of three orders of magnitude is theoretically available. A series of refractive index enhanced multiple internal reflection spectra reveals a clear thickness-dependent structural transformation in thermal SiO2. The spectra suggest a shift in ring statistics, from smaller to larger, with increasing distance from the oxide-silicon interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100487
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of oxygen and other impurities on the crystallization of NiZr2 and related metallic glasses (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of oxygen and other impurities on the crystallization characteristics of Ni-Zr glasses near the composition NiZr2, as well as for FeZr2, CoZr2, and NiHf2, has been investigated. For NiZr2 glasses with 1 at. % oxygen, the first crystallization product is the metastable E93 structure with a =1.227 nm instead of the equilibrium C16 structure. A similar effect is found for samples containing (approximately-greater-than)3 at. % B. For FeZr2, CoZr2, and NiHf2 the first crystallization product is also E93 structure, even with very small levels of oxygen (≤0.2 at. %). The formation of the E93 structure is always accompanied by an increase in the electrical resistivity, an increase which transmission electron microscopy shows is intrinsic to the phase and unrelated to crystallite size. For Ni36.5Zr63.5 and Ni42Zr58 the crystallization is also accompanied by an increase in electrical resistance and the evolution of a crystal structure similar to the E93 structure in the size of the unit cell and packing fraction but with a different space group. We propose that the formation of these structures is triggered by atomic size nuclei of ZrO2, (or ZrB2) quenched in from the melt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338847
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