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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 10 (1986), S. 375-382 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 14 (1990), S. 136 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 31 (1990), S. 7269-7272 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0165-4608
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Overlapping spreading centers (OSCs) are a type of ridge axis discontinuity found along intermediate and fast spreading centers. The ridges at these locations overlap and curve towards each other. and are separated by an elongate overlap basin. A high resolution Deep-Tow survey was conducted over the 12°54′ N OSC (offset ≈1.6 km) on the East Pacific Rise in order to study the structure of a small OSC on a fine scale. A detailed tectonic study and Deep-Tow 3-D magnetic inversion were performed on the data. Towards the tips of both limbs, the apparent age of lava flows increases, the density of exposed faults and fissures increases, and the axial graben loses definition and disappears. No active hydrothermal vents were detected in the area. These observations suggest that the magmatic budget steadily decreases along axis approaching and OSC, even where the offset is small. In contrast with OSCs which have a large offset (〉5 km), the 3-D magnetic inversion solution for this OSC produced no evidence for highly magnetized areas near the tip of either spreading center.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung MAK-Säulenchromatographie der Gesamtnucleinsäuren aus autotrophen und gebleichten Zellen von Euglena gracilis, welche für 2 Std mit 32P-Orthophosphat markiert wurden, liefert 6 Komponenten: niedermolekulare RNS (I–III), DNS (IV) und hochmolekulare RNS (V, VI). Das in der DNS-Region eluierte Material konnte mittels Gelfiltration in 32P-DNS, in eine 32P-RNS mit hoher spezifischer Aktivität sowie in 32P-markierte Polyphosphate aufgetrennt werde. Außerdem fanden sich letztere in der 32P-RNS-Fraktion, die relativ fest an die MAK-Säule gebunden bleibt. Eine weitaus bessere Auftrennung der einzelnen RNS-Komponenten gelang mit der Elektrophorese in Polyacrylamid-Gelen. So erschienen in 9.5% Gel 5 Komponenten, darunter die 3 niedermolekularen I–III, welche bei MAK-Chromatographie auftreten. Sie wurden als 4 S Transfer-RNS (I), 5 S ribosomale RNS (II) und 6 S RNS (III) identifiziert. Die hochmolekulare RNS wurde bei Auftrennung in 2,6% Gel in 6 Banden zerlegt. Die der ribosomalen RNS fanden sich als Hauptbanden in der 24 S und 20 S Region des Gels. Aufgrund ihrer Position konnten für die übrigen Komponenten Sedimentationskoeffizienten zwischen 18 S und 9 S berechnet werden. Das elektrophoretische Trennmuster der Gesamtnucleinsäuren aus gebleichten Zellen war sehr ähnlich, wenngleich quantitative Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten bestanden. Bei der Fraktionierung der Nucleinsäuren durch Gel-Elektrophorese im präparativen Maßstab fiel für jede markierte RNS-Komponente genügend Material an, um eine Rechromatographie an MAK und die Bestimmung der Basenzusammensetzung durchzuführen. Außer Transfer-RNS und 5 S RNS wurden 2 Komponenten in 9,5% Gel isoliert, deren Zusammensetzung ribosomaler RNS entsprach. Eine weitere niedermolekulare Komponente wurde als die schnell markierte RNS identifiziert, welche gemeinsam mit der DNS von der MAK-Säule eluiert wird. Die präparative Gel-Elektrophorese der 32P-markierten hochmolekularen RNS in 2,6% Gel lieferte neben mehreren ribosomalen Species auch 32P-RNS mit einer hohen spezifischen Aktivität.
    Notes: Summary MAK column chromatography of total nucleic acids from autotrophic and bleached cells of Euglena gracilis cultured with 32Pi for 2 h resulted in the separation of six labelled components: low molecular RNA (I–III), DNA (IV) and high molecular RNA (V, VI). Gel filtration of the material eluted in the DNA region revealed the presence of 32P-RNA with a high specific activity and of 32P-labelled polyphosphates in addition to 32P-DNA. 32P-polyphosphates were also found among the labelled RNA tenaciously bound to the MAK column. A far better resolution of the RNA components, however, was achieved by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. On a 9.5% gel five main fractions were resolved among which appeared the components I–III isolated by MAK chromatography. They were identified as 4 S transfer RNA (I), 5 S ribosomal RNA (II) and 6 S RNA (III). The high molecular RNA gave rise to six bands when a 2.6% gel was used. From these the ribosomal RNA migrated as two bands in the 24 S and 20 S region of the gel. Based upon these values sedimentation coefficients from 18 S to 9 S were calculated for the others. The electrophoretic pattern of total nucleic acids from bleached cells was rather similar; only quantitative differences were observed. Fractionation of the nucleic acids by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis on a preparative scale provided enough material of each labelled RNA component to perform a rechromatography on MAK and to determine the base composition. Besides the 4 S transfer RNA and the 5 S RNA two RNA components with a ribosomal type base composition were isolated on a 9.5% gel. Another one was identified as the rapidly labelled RNA which is eluted with the DNA from the MAK column. Preparative gel electrophoresis of the labelled high molecular RNA (2.6% gel) revealed the presence of several ribosomal species in addition to 32P-RNA components with a high specific activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 78 (1971), S. 118-127 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einbau von 32P-Orthophosphat in die Nucleinsäuren grüner und gebleichter Zellen von Euglena gracilis wurde untersucht. Optimale 32P-Kurzzeit-Markierung konnte nach 4 Std Kultur der Zellen in phosphatfreiem Medium, gefolgt von einer Inkubation mit 32P-Orthophosphat für 2 Std, erreicht werden. Die heterotrophen Zellen zeigten dabei einen etwa 5,5fach höheren Einbau als die autotrophen. Die Bedeutung von Phosphat für den Nucleinsäure-Stoffwechsel autotroph kultivierter Zellen wird anhand von Verarmungsversuchen aufgezeigt. Zunehmende Phosphatverarmung führte zunächst zum Abbau der niedermolekularen RNS, später zur Reduzierung der hochmolekularen ribosomalen RNS; die DNS wird hingegen erst relativ spät von der Verarmung betroffen. Nach 144 Std im phosphatfreien Medium erholten sich die Zellen relativ schnell, wenn sie in komplettes Nährmedium überführt wurden: nach 45 Std Erholungszeit war die Garnitur ihrer Nucleinsäuren wieder komplett. Die extrahierten Gesamtnucleinsäuren phosphatverarmter Zellen enthielten kondensierte anorganische Phosphate. Ihre Menge und Zusammensetzung änderte sich in Abhängigkeit von der Dauer der Verarmung.
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of 32P i into the nucleic acids of green and bleached cells of Euglena gracilis was investigated. Optimum short-time labelling could be achieved by subjecting the cells to phosphate starvation for 4 h followed by an incubation with 32P i for 2 h. In bleached cells the amount of 32P incorporated was about 5.5 times higher than that in autotrophic cells. The role of phosphate in the nucleic acid metabolism of autotrophic cells was demonstrated by the results of starvation experiments. Under this condition the various nucleic acid components were degraded in the following order: soluble RNA, ribosomal RNA, DNA. However, even after 144 h of phosphate starvation the autotrophic cells were found to recover rather rapidly when transferred to normal growth conditions. 45 h after the transfer the nucleic acids were again present in the normal pattern. Nucleic acid preparations from phosphate starved cells contained various types of condensed inorganic phosphates. According to the length of the starvation time their amounts and compositions differed as indicated by the chromatographic behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenium cariaci ; Methanogenium marisnigri ; Marine methanogenic bacteria ; Ultrastructure ; TaxonomyMethanogenium gen. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria and two species within this genus are described.Methanogenium is the proposed genus andMethanogenium cariaci the type species. Cells of the type species are Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated, irregular cocci with a periodic wall surface pattern. Colonies formed by these bacteria are yellow, circular and umbonate with entire edges. The DNA base composition is 52 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide serve as substrates for growth. Cells ofMethanogenium marisnigri are of similar shape but smaller diameter thanM. cariaci. The colonies ofM. marisnigri are convex, and the DNA base composition is 61 mol % G+C. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide are growth substrates. Sodium chloride is required for growth of both methanogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 53 (1966), S. 195-207 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The extraction of total nucleic acids from autotrophically grown cells of Euglena gracilis and their chromatographic separation on methylated serum albumin recently successfully applied to blue-green and green algae cells yielded 3 fractions of soluble RNA and two of high molecular RNA only. Cell disruption in the presence of SDS, however, made the native DNA extractable which appeared consequently as an additional peak in the chromatographic pattern. Cells from mixotrophic cultures had an analogous set of nucleic acids compared with those from autotrophic ones. Density gradient centrifugation gave rise to a sediment containing the bulk DNA, and to a band in which the plastids had accumulated. From ther latter a fraction of DNA and high molecular RNA was isolated; the soluble RNA and the bulk high molecular RNA was associated with a supernatant resulting from an initial low speed centrifugation of the original homogenate. Cells permanently bleached (by Streptomycin, increased temperature) had the typical set of soluble RNAs and DNA; the high molecular RNA, however, was eluted in a more or less uniform peak. The base composition of the fractions IV and V of high molecular RNA was identical, independent of autotrophic or mixtrophic growth of the cells. The two partial fractions of the high molecular RNA of bleached cells were identical, too, as far as the base ratio is concerned; compared with the green cells, however, the content of cytosine tended to increase, that of adenine to decrease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Isolierung der Gesamtnucleinsäuren aus autotroph gewachsenen Zellen von Euglena gracilis und ihrer säulenchromatographischen Auftrennung an methyliertem Serumalbumin nach den Verfahren, welche für Blau- und Grünalgen optimale Ergebnisse erbrachten, konnten nur drei Komponenten der löslichen RNA und zwei der hochmolekularen RNA nachgewiesen werden. Zellaufschluß in Gegenwart von Na-Dodecylsulfat (SDS) führte auch zur Extraktion der nativen DNA, welche im Eluierungsdiagramm als zusätzliches Absorptionsmaximum erschien. Mixotroph gewachsene Zellen besaßen die gleiche Zusammensetzung an Nucleinsäuren wie autotrophe. Mittels Dichtegradienten-Zentrifugation ließen sich die Masse der DNA in einem Sediment, die der Plastiden in einer grünen Bande anreichern. Letztere enthielten je eine Komponente DNA und hochmolekulare RNA; die Komponenten der löslichen RNA, sowie die Hauptmenge der hochmolekularen RNA blieben dabei in dem Überstand, welcher bei der ersten niedertourigen Zentrifugation des Ausgangshomogents angefallen war. In permanent gebleichten Zellen (durch Streptomycin, erhöhte Temperatur) ließen sich analog die Komponenten der löslichen RNA und die DNA nachweisen, jedoch fehlte bei der hochmolekularen RNA die typische Aufteilung in die zwei Komponenten (IV und V). Die Basenzusammensetzung derselben war identisch, unabhängig von autotropher oder mixotropher Anzucht der Zellen. Auch zwischen den beiden Teilfraktionen der hochmolekularen RNA aus gebleichten Zellen bestand kein Unterschied hinsichtlich des Basenverhältnisses; ein Vergleich mit den grünen Zellen zeigte jedoch, daß der Gehalt an Cytosin höher, der an Adenin niedriger lag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 172-177 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Two rat tumor cell lines ; Karyotype/G-banding ; DMs/HSR ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat tumor cell lines BSp73AS (AS, nonmetastasizing with pronounced adherent capacities) and BSp73ASML (ASML, highly metastasizing with reduced adherent capacities) were cytogenetically investigated. The ASML cell line.is reportedly derived from the AS cell line. Both lines exhibited abnormal numerical and structural chromosomal characteristics. The metastasizing ASML cells showed a higher chromosome number (modal number: 62–63) than the nonmetastasizing AS cells (modal number: 48). The AS karyotype was characterized by the presence of a large metacentric marker chromosome resulting from a Robertsonian translocation (Rb 6.7). This chromosome is as such absent in ASML cells but perhaps it may be present in these cells with a major part of chromosome 7 being deleted. The most interesting feature of the ASML karyo-type was the presence of double minutes (DMs) and a homogeneously staining region (HSR) at the telomeric end of chromosome 6. These were peculiar to the ASML cells, being absent in the AS cells. DMs and HSR are reported to be correlated with the resistance to various drugs and with the acquired virulence of tumor cells through gene amplification. Therefore, we assume that in the metastasizing ASML cell line the DMs and HSR were established through genetic selection and that they are probably related to the acquired metastasizing capacity of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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