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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Conservative Management of Posterior Fossa Epidural Haematomas: Case Illustration (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 717-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070120
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidural spinal meningioma. Role of magnetic resonance in differential diagnosis (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 107 (1990), S. 70-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Extradurally growing spinal meningioma ; magnetic resonance ; emergency operation ; reversibility neurological lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare case of an extradurally growing spinal meningioma in an elderly woman is reported. Neuro-imaging, particularly magnetic resonance (MR), allowed to recognize the lesion, which, otherwise, could raise problems of differential diagnosis with a spinal metastasis. An emergency operation, required by a sudden neurological deterioration, was decisive in recovery of neurological deficits. In a review of the literature, extradurally growing spinal meningiomas appear to occur with a higher frequency than it is thought. Therefore, they are to be suspected when dealing with extradural spinal lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402617
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain energy metabolism in the acute stage of experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage: Local changes in cerebral glucose utilization (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 737-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Autoradiography ; cerebral metabolism ; rat ; subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental model was used to investigate acute alterations of cerebral metabolic activity in rats subjected to subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Haemorrhages were produced in anaesthetized animals by injecting 0.3 ml of autologous, arterial nonheparinized blood into the cisterna magna. Control rats received subarachnoid injections of mock-cerebrospinal fluid to study the effect of sudden raised intracranial pressure, or underwent sham operation. Three hours after SAH rats were given an intravenous injection of [14C]-2-deoxyglucose. Experiments were terminated by decapitation, and the brains were removed and frozen. Regional brain metabolic activity was studied by quantitative autoradiography. In comparison with sham-operated controls, cerebral metabolic activity was diffusely decreased after SAH. Statistically significant decreases in metabolic rate were observed in 23 of 27 brain regions studied. Subarachnoid injections of mock-cerebrospinal fluid also produced depression of cerebral metabolic activity, but quantitatively these changes were not as pronounced and diffuse as in SAH rats. The present study shows that a widespread depression of brain metabolism occurs in the acute stage after experimental SAH and is probably secondary to the Subarachnoid presence of blood itself and/or blood products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411481
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-Course of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Changes After Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Blood-brain barrier; evans blue; rat; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ An increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has been described in humans and has been correlated with delayed cerebral ischemia and poor clinical outcome. Few studies examined in the laboratory the relationship between SAH and BBB, with contrasting results due to limitations in experimental probes adopted and in timing of observation. The aim of this study was to quantify the time-course of BBB changes after experimental SAH. Groups of eight rats received injections of 400 μl of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. BBB was assessed 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after SAH and in sham-operated animals separately for cerebral cortex, i.e. frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, subcortical gray matter (Caudate-Putamen-Thalamus), cerebellar cortex and nuclei, and brain stem by a spectrophotofluorimetric evaluation of Evans Blue dye extravasation. As compared to sham-operated controls, SAH determined a significant BBB permeability change beginning 36 hours after SAH, peaking at 48 hours, and normalizing on day 3. This study provides a quantitative description of the temporal progression and recovery of BBB dysfunction after SAH. These results have implications for the management of aneurysm patients and for assessing the rationale and the therapeutic window of new pharmacological approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050472
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroradiological findings in multiloculated hydrocephalus (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 60 (1982), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningitis ; multiloculated hydrocephalus ; computerized tomography ; ventriculography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The characteristic neuroradiological features of multiloculated hydrocephalus following neonatal meningitis and ventriculitis in five infants are presented. The role of ventriculography and computerized tomography in detecting multi-loculated and enlarged ventricles and paraventricular cavities, as well as complete and incomplete septa, is emphasized for early diagnosis and surgical management. CT scan also provides clues indicating the presence of thin but not visualized septa. It is suggested that post-meningitic hydrocephalus should be repeatedly followed-up for detection of multiloculated transformation. Probably this entity occurs less uncommonly than was thought in the past. The CT scan appears the most helpful and safe procedure for the serial evaluation, but ventriculography may be usefully combined with it in order to plan the most suitable operative approach for fenestration of membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406314
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraoperative monitoring of cerebral blood flow during ventricular shunting in hydrocephalic pediatric patients (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Transcranial Doppler ; Intraoperative monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several studies have demonstrated lowered cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with hydrocephalus and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Ventricular shunting in such cases permits a sudden increase in CBF. The pathophysiology of functional brain deficit secondary to hydrocephalus is little understood. Improvement of the patient's clinical status after drainage of CSF suggests that cerebral dysfunction is not necessarily due to permanent brain damage. In fact, it improves rapidly after ventricular taps. In view of this it would be helpful to monitor cerebral perfusion. The transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography technique allows real-time monitoring of the intracranial circulation and makes it possible to evaluate the physiopathological correlation between ventricular dilatation and CBF. Continuous monitoring of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by TCD was performed in three hydrocephalic children (2 months, 14 months, and 8 years old) during a ventricular-peritoneal shunt operative procedure. A TC-2000S device provided by an IMP-F fixed probe was utilized. In all patients, when the lateral ventricle was shunted and the CSF could flow away, a clear and sudden increase of flow velocity above 30% was detected. The pulsatility index (PI) was also pathologically increased in all patients. A gradual normalization of this index was revealed after the shunting procedure. Our experience has to be considered preliminary, but nonetheless, it suggests a clear correlation between hydrocephalic disease and concomitant CBF alterations. A more consistent number of monitoring performances by TCD during operative procedures will improve our understanding of the role of CBF in the development of functional deficits in hydrocephalic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334971
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