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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual responses in the central nervous system of the scallopPecten ziczac (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1338-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrical activity recorded from the lateral lobe of the visceroparietal ganglion in the scallop Pecten ziczac reflects predominatly the visual response to onset of light stimulation, suggesting that shadow reflex mechanisms likely occur elsewhere within the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920168
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antigen retrieval by microwave heating in formalin-fixed tissue sections on a broad panel of antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Formaldehyde fixation of biopsy specimens for routine purposes has often been held responsible for the poor reproducibility of immunohistochemical studies. Recently, antigen retrieval (AGR) using microwave irradiation was described as a potential tool to enhance immunostaining. A comparison of conventional staining and staining after microwave heating was performed for 52 markers, using tissues fixed in formaldehyde for 24 h, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 years respectively, as well as consultant case material. After adequate duration of fixation (24 h), only a few markers (17%) showed better results after AGR, but this percentage was increased to 50% when tissues were fixed for longer periods. Maximal enhancement was obtained in the group of consultant cases (58% of tested markers demonstrated better staining results), in which the period of fixation and tissue processing was unknown. To achieve reliable enhancement with AGR, continuous heating (100° C) should not be shorter than 20 min. In conclusion, AGR may become the most important tool to simplify and equalize immunohistochemical techniques, if critically evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268892
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interphase cytogenetics in pathology: principles, methods, and applications of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Characteristic chromosome aberrations have been identified in various tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes that are generated by vector cloning or in vitro amplification and labeled with fluorescent dyes allow for the detection of these genetic changes in interphase cells. This technique, that is also referred to as ”interphase cytogenetics”, can be performed in cytological preparations as well as in sections of routinely formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. In cancer research and diagnostics, interphase cytogenetics by FISH is used to detect numerical chromosome changes and structural aberrations, e.g., translocations, deletions, or amplifications. In this technical overview, we explain the principles of the FISH method and provide protocols for FISH in cytological preparations and paraffin sections. Moreover, possible applications of FISH are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050179
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 8 as recurrent cytogenetic events in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and comparative genomic hybridisation (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Anaplastic carcinoma ; Thyroid ; Cytogenetics ; CGH ; FISH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is a technique which identifies gains and losses of DNA sequence copy number in tumours. We used CGH to search for genetic changes in one of the most aggressive malignancies – anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). For this purpose, we analysed tumour specimens of nine ATCs and DNA of two ATC cell lines. CGH detected aberrations in 10 of 11 samples, with a mean number of gains or losses per carcinoma of 4.8 (range 0–13). Total or partial changes of chromosome 8 (n=6), including gains or losses of 8p (n=6) or 8q (n=5) were those detected most frequently. Chromosome 5p was amplified in five cases. Gains in two of three samples were found for 3q, 7p, 11q and 20q. Gains in a fewer number were seen for 1p (1 case), 1q (1), 7q (2), 9q (2), 11p (2), 12q (1), 14 (1), 15 (1), 17q (2), 18p (2), 18q (1), 20p (1), 21 (2), Xp (2) and Xq (2). Losses were less frequent than gains and observed for 1p (2 cases), 1q (1), 2p (1), 2q (2), 3p (2), 3q (1), 4q (2), 6q (1), 9p (2), 9q (1), 18p (1), 18q (1) and Y (2). Examples of analysis of tumour sections and cell lines performed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) confirmed the gains and losses found by CGH and detected additional signals for 8q21 in tumour cells in a sample with no gains or losses normally in CGH. The results suggest that aberrations of 5p, 8p and 8q, which are rarely found in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, may play an important role in the development of ATC. Therefore, these chromosomes could harbour gene loci potentially involved in the aggressiveness of neoplastic tumours, as shown in tumours such as in this study for ATC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050452
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertional pain and other IUD insertion-related rare events for breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women — a decade's experience in developing countries (1989)
    Springer
    Advances in contraception 5 (1989), S. 101-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Cette étude présente les effets possibles de l'allaitement au sein sur des phénomènes liés à l'insertion de dispositifs intra-utérins (DIU). La recherche portait 6493 femmes inscrites dans plusieurs centres pour participer à des essais cliniques pendant une période de dix ans. On a constaté que l'allaitement au sein a un effet protecteur contre l'apparition de douleurs modérées à fortes au moment de l'insertion et qu'il réduit la nécessité de dilater le col utérin en vue de faciliter l'insertion. Cet effet de protection contre les douleurs prédominait chez les femmes qui allaitaient et se trouvaient encore en aménorrhéc de lactation. Les douleurs au moment de l'insertion étaient significativement moins fréquentes au moment de la pose du DIU chez celles qui, allaitant ou non, étaient encore en période d'aménorrhée, que chez celles dont le cycle menstruel avait repris. Cet effet peut être lié à une sécrétion plus abondante de β-endorphine chez les femmes en période d'allaitement ou d'aménorrhée de lactation.
    Abstract: Resumen Se investigaron en este estudio los posibles efectos del amamantamiento sobre la inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU). El estudio comprendió 6493 mujeres que participaron en ensayos clínicos en diversos centros durante un período de diez años. Los resultados indican que el amamantamiento ejerce un efecto protector contra la aparición de dolores moderados a fuertes en el momento de la inserción y reduce la necesidad de dilatar el cuello del útero para facilitar la inserción. Este efecto de protección contra el dolor predominó entre las mujeres que amamantaban y se hallaban aún en amenorrea de lactación. Las mujeres con amenorrea, tanto las que amamantaban como las que no lo hacían, señalaron un nivel de dolor significativamente menor en el momento de inserción del DIU que aquéllas cuyo ciclo menstrual se había reanudado. Este efecto puede estar relacionado con una mayor secreción de β-endorfina en las mujeres en período de amamantamiento o de amenorrea de lactación.
    Notes: Abstract The possible effect of breastfeeding on intrauterine device (IUD) insertion events was investigated. Analysis included a total of 6493 women who enrolled in multicenter IUD clinical trials over a ten-year period. Findings indicate that breastfeeding exerts a protective effect on the incidence of moderate to severe insertional pain and reduces the need for cervical dilatation to facilitate insertion. The pain protection effect was most evident in breastfeeding women who were still in lactational amenorrhea. Subjects with amenorrhea, both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding, had a significantly lower incidence of pain at IUD insertion than the corresponding menstruating subjects. This effect may be related to a higher secretion of beta-endorphin in the breastfeeding and lactational amenorrheic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01849478
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