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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Formaldehyde fixation of biopsy specimens for routine purposes has often been held responsible for the poor reproducibility of immunohistochemical studies. Recently, antigen retrieval (AGR) using microwave irradiation was described as a potential tool to enhance immunostaining. A comparison of conventional staining and staining after microwave heating was performed for 52 markers, using tissues fixed in formaldehyde for 24 h, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 years respectively, as well as consultant case material. After adequate duration of fixation (24 h), only a few markers (17%) showed better results after AGR, but this percentage was increased to 50% when tissues were fixed for longer periods. Maximal enhancement was obtained in the group of consultant cases (58% of tested markers demonstrated better staining results), in which the period of fixation and tissue processing was unknown. To achieve reliable enhancement with AGR, continuous heating (100° C) should not be shorter than 20 min. In conclusion, AGR may become the most important tool to simplify and equalize immunohistochemical techniques, if critically evaluated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Characteristic chromosome aberrations have been identified in various tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using specific probes that are generated by vector cloning or in vitro amplification and labeled with fluorescent dyes allow for the detection of these genetic changes in interphase cells. This technique, that is also referred to as ”interphase cytogenetics”, can be performed in cytological preparations as well as in sections of routinely formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. In cancer research and diagnostics, interphase cytogenetics by FISH is used to detect numerical chromosome changes and structural aberrations, e.g., translocations, deletions, or amplifications. In this technical overview, we explain the principles of the FISH method and provide protocols for FISH in cytological preparations and paraffin sections. Moreover, possible applications of FISH are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 90 (1974), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Command fibers located in the circumesophageal connectives which modify scaphognathite and heart rhythms have been mapped and characterized in the crab,Cancer magister. Behavior: Crabs show a variety of responses to external stimuli often including simultaneous cessation of cardiac and scaphognathite “pumping”. Habituation and a return to prestimulus rhythms results from continued stimulation. The response to short stimulus durations, on the other hand, generally outlasts the stimulus indicating the playing-out of a motor program. Neurophysiology: Small bundles of fibers have been isolated from desheathed connectives. Activity in these fibers resulting from stimulation of various anterior sensory receptors was recordeden passant with suction electrodes. When sensory stimulation produced both electrical activity in the nerves under examination and a cardiac and/or scaphognathite response it was assumed such units were involved in inducing this response. This was tested by electrical stimulation delivered through the same electrode. Those units which produced similar responses to natural and artificial stimulation were deemed “command fibers”. It was invariably found that the minimum stimulating frequency needed to mimic naturally induced responses was much greater than the frequency at which the units discharged in response to those stimuli. During mapping experiments, command fibers were characterized with respect to their positions in the connectives and by the responses they produced at different frequencies of stimulation. 68% of the fibers identified affected both cardiac and scaphognathite systems, 29% the scaphognathites alone and 3% the heart alone. The frequency-response profiles of single bivalent command fibers were often different from the heart and scaphognathites. These findings help explain the responses of both systems to natural stimuli and also indicate that the circulatory and respiratory systems not only perform in concert, but are often under common control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Resumé Cette étude présente les effets possibles de l'allaitement au sein sur des phénomènes liés à l'insertion de dispositifs intra-utérins (DIU). La recherche portait 6493 femmes inscrites dans plusieurs centres pour participer à des essais cliniques pendant une période de dix ans. On a constaté que l'allaitement au sein a un effet protecteur contre l'apparition de douleurs modérées à fortes au moment de l'insertion et qu'il réduit la nécessité de dilater le col utérin en vue de faciliter l'insertion. Cet effet de protection contre les douleurs prédominait chez les femmes qui allaitaient et se trouvaient encore en aménorrhéc de lactation. Les douleurs au moment de l'insertion étaient significativement moins fréquentes au moment de la pose du DIU chez celles qui, allaitant ou non, étaient encore en période d'aménorrhée, que chez celles dont le cycle menstruel avait repris. Cet effet peut être lié à une sécrétion plus abondante de β-endorphine chez les femmes en période d'allaitement ou d'aménorrhée de lactation.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen Se investigaron en este estudio los posibles efectos del amamantamiento sobre la inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU). El estudio comprendió 6493 mujeres que participaron en ensayos clínicos en diversos centros durante un período de diez años. Los resultados indican que el amamantamiento ejerce un efecto protector contra la aparición de dolores moderados a fuertes en el momento de la inserción y reduce la necesidad de dilatar el cuello del útero para facilitar la inserción. Este efecto de protección contra el dolor predominó entre las mujeres que amamantaban y se hallaban aún en amenorrea de lactación. Las mujeres con amenorrea, tanto las que amamantaban como las que no lo hacían, señalaron un nivel de dolor significativamente menor en el momento de inserción del DIU que aquéllas cuyo ciclo menstrual se había reanudado. Este efecto puede estar relacionado con una mayor secreción de β-endorfina en las mujeres en período de amamantamiento o de amenorrea de lactación.
    Notizen: Abstract The possible effect of breastfeeding on intrauterine device (IUD) insertion events was investigated. Analysis included a total of 6493 women who enrolled in multicenter IUD clinical trials over a ten-year period. Findings indicate that breastfeeding exerts a protective effect on the incidence of moderate to severe insertional pain and reduces the need for cervical dilatation to facilitate insertion. The pain protection effect was most evident in breastfeeding women who were still in lactational amenorrhea. Subjects with amenorrhea, both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding, had a significantly lower incidence of pain at IUD insertion than the corresponding menstruating subjects. This effect may be related to a higher secretion of beta-endorphin in the breastfeeding and lactational amenorrheic subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Advances in contraception 3 (1987), S. 49-61 
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Resumé Les incidents qui se produisent au moment même de la mise en place d'un dispositif intrautérin (DIU) sont rarement étudiés, notamment chez les femmes ayant eu des enfants pour lesquelles, en théorie, la contraception par la méthode des DIU est la plus adaptée. Bien que rares, ces incidents peuvent occasionner personnellement de l'angoisse, de l'embarras ou de la gêne et peuvent avoir une incidence négative sur l'acceptation des DIU. Soixante millions de femmes dans le monde entier utilisent les DIU. Par conséquent, même s'il est rare, un incident peut avoir des répercussions importantes du point de vue de la santé publique. Il y a lieu, afin d'éviter que ces circonstances ne se produisent, de définir les facteurs de risques de ces incidents. L'importante banque internationale des données concernant les DIU regroupées par l'Internationale pour la santé de la famille (FHI) depuis 1972 fournit une occasion unique de réaliser cet objectif. Quatre rares incidents liés à l'insertion, des DIU ont été étudiés, à savoir: les défauts d'insertion, la perforation utérine, la syncope et autres réactions vasovagales, ainsi que de fortes douleurs au moment de la mise en place. Cet article fait un résumé des constations importantes tirées non seulement de ces études mais aussi d'autres études à ce sujet. Cette vaste expérience devrait constituer la base à partir de laquelle le personnel chargé de pratiquer la mise en place des DIU pourrait améliorer la qualité des soins dispensés aux femmes qui demandent la pose d'un dispositif de contraception.
    Kurzfassung: Resumen Los episodios que ocurren en el momento de la inserción de un dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), particularmente en mujeres paras, son raramente estudiados. Teóricamente, en estas mujeres la anticoncepción con DIU es la más conveniente. Estos episodios, aunque raros, causan molestias personales, confusión e incomodidad y podrían tener impacto negativo en la aceptación del DIU. Sesenta millones de mujeres en el mundo usan DIU, de mode que, aún siendo un episodio infrecuente podría tener implicationes importantes en salud pública. Para evitar que esto ocurra es preciso delinear los factores de riesgo de estos episodios raros. La gran cantidad de datos internacionales sobre DIU compilados por Family Health International (FHI) desde 1972 proporciona una oportunidad única de alcanzar este propósito. Se han estudiado cuatro episodios raros relacionados con la inserción de un DIU. Estos son: falla de inserción, perforación uterina, síncope y otras reacciones vasovagales y dolor severo durante la inserción. Esta revisión resume los hallazgos importantes de este y otros estudios relevantes. Esta amplia experiencia debería formar las bases para que el personal que inserta DIU pueda mejorar el cuidado de mujeres que soliciten un dispositivo para la anticoncepción.
    Notizen: Abstract Events occurringat the time of insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) are rarely studied, especially for parous women for whom, in theory, IUD contraception is most suitable. These events, although rare, cause personal distress, embarrassment and inconvenience and can have a negative impact on IUD acceptance. Sixty million women worldwide are using IUDs. Thus, even a rare event may have important public health implications. To avoid such occurrences, the risk factors of these rare events need to be delineated. The large international IUD data set compiled by Family Health International (FHI) since 1972 provides a unique opportunity to achieve this purpose. Four IUD insertion-related rare events have been studied, namely: insertion failure, uterine perforation, syncope and other vasovagal reactions, and severe insertional pain. This review paper summarizes the important findings from these as well as other relevant studies. This broad experience should form the basis by which health personnel inserting IUDs can improve the quality of care for women requesting a device for contraception.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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