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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 149 (1985), S. 91-104 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 139 (1982), S. 230-232 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 684 (1994), S. 201-211 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Lingua 85 (1991), S. 41-54 
    ISSN: 0024-3841
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0376-6349
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 2 (1995), S. 300-308 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Experiments are described to show some of the potential of the synchrotron radiation Laue method for the study of structural change within single crystals. In the metastable tetragonal crystals of P4N4Cl8 the eight-membered P4N4 ring is in a boat conformation, with symmetry {\bar 4}. On heating to ca 340 K the crystals transform, slowly to a second tetragonal form in which the ring conformation is a chair, its symmetry {\bar 1}. Both structures are known [Hazekamp, Migchelsen & Vos (1962). Acta Cryst. 15, 539–543; Wagner & Vos (1968). Acta Cryst. B24, 707–713]. In the transformation the molecular packing, unit-cell dimensions and crystal quality remain almost unchanged. To study this transformation, series of Laue diffraction patterns were recorded at 2–3 min intervals over a period of 30–40 min, while the temperature was raised to 373 K. For two series, reflection intensities were measured and they allowed determination and refinement of the fraction of boat and chair molecules present in a mixed boat/chair model of the structure. No significant change in the crystal occurs below ca 340 K; at or above 340 K, 40–50% of the molecules are converted from boat to chair conformations within 5 min, but the remainder of the conversion is much slower, even when the temperature is raised towards 370 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 261-272 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Rain gauge grid ; Shower ; Statistical modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present model permits simulation of any geographic region and the symmetrical or random positioning of any number of rain gauges. The operator has the option of entering precipitation parameters: rain cell diameter, duration, rain swath length, vector angle, and precipitation amount for any number of discrete showers. In a series of computations the model generates (1) a random ‘first echo’ location and resulting rain swath, which is superimposed on a specific grid of rain gauges; (2) the number of rain gauge receiving a hit; and (3) the number of undetected rain events within an area. By use of a portion of the Iowa climatological rain gauge network and parameters derived from radar and rain gauge observations the model shows that only 7% of single cell showers are detected by the existing sampling grid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Spinal inhibition ; Interneurons ; Micturition ; Bladder-sphincter dyssynergia ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Micturition in the decerebrate cat is characterized by a coordinated bladder contraction and a simultaneous decrease in external urethral sphincter (EUS) efferent activity. Without the suppression of EUS activity, voiding is significantly impaired, resulting in a state sometimes referred to as bladder-sphincter dyssynergia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether glycinergic inhibition contributes to the suppression of EUS activity during micturition evoked by bladder distension or electrical stimulation of the pontine micturition center (PMC) in decerebrate cats. Using subconvulsive intravenous doses of strychnine (0.1–0.24 mg/kg), we examined changes in bladder and EUS electroneurographic (ENG) activity during micturition. Following subconvulsive doses of strychnine, tonic EUS ENG activity increased during bladder filling in five of six animals. In the presence of strychnine, it was possible to evoke reflex bladder contractions of similar duration and peak pressure to those observed before strychnine administration. However, there was an absence of suppression of EUS ENG activity during the bladder contractions in all the animals. To determine whether the changes in sphincter activity could be due to strychnine acting at glycine receptors on EUS motoneurons, sacral spinal tissue was processed for a structural protein (gephyrin) associated with the glycine receptor. Motoneurons in Onuf′s nucleus in S1 were identified using choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and subsequently processed with a gephyrin monoclonal antibody. Abundant gephyrin labeling was evident throughout Onuf′s nucleus. Since Onuf′s nucleus is made up of EUS and other motoneuron populations, a sample of antidromically identified urethral and anal sphincter motoneurons were intracellularly labeled with tetramethylrhodamine dextran (TMR-D) and then processed with the gephyrin antibody. Using dual-beam confocal microscopy, gephyrin immunoreactivity was observed on the soma and proximal processes of individual EUS motoneurons in both male and female animals. It was concluded that a strychnine-sensitive mechanism contributes to the suppression of sphincter activity normally observed during voiding. Although glycinergic inhibition may affect several components of the circuitry responsible for micturition, it appears that the suppression of EUS motoneurons during micturition may be partly due to a direct glycinergic inhibition of the EUS motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Endothelium ; arteries ; contractility ; pH ; hypercapnia ; nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypercapnia induces initial constriction and prolonged relaxation of rat small mesenteric arteries. The mechanism of the relaxation is unknown, but has been attributed to lowering of pHi in the vascular smooth muscle. In this study we have investigated the response to raised PCO2 at constant pHo, in mesenteric small arteries precontracted with noradrenaline. 10% CO2 led to a fall in pHi associated with acute potentiation of tension, and subsequent relaxation. The relaxation did not occur in arteries in which the endothelium had been removed, nor in arteries pretreated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (10−4M, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). The D-enantiomer, D-NAME, was without effect. We conclude that hypercapnic-induced vasodilatation in this circulation occurs via endothelium derived nitric oxide production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 58 (1996), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ungewöhnlich große idiomorphe Trapezoeder, die aus einzelnen Kristallen von Analcim oder aus Aggregaten von Pumpellyit bestehen, kommen in drei stratigraphisch benachbarten phonolitischen Lagen von Aghda vor. Die Trapezoeder enthalten konzentrisch verteilte Einschlüsse von Plagioklas, Pyroxen, Titanomagnetit und Apatit, die im Analcim frisch, im Pumpellyit jedoch intensiv umgewandelt sind. Die Analcim-Kristalle sind von bemerkenswerter Homogenität in ihrer Zusammensetzung und werden auf pseudomorphe Verdrängung von primärem Leucit durch Ionenaustausch zurück-geführt. Im unteren Phonolit ist der Analcim jedoch instabil geworden, und wurde durch Pumpellyit ersetzt, der ein weites Spektrum von Zusammensetzungen erkennen läßt und auf variierende Zufuhr von Fe, Mg, Ca, and Al vom Vorläuferanalcim und auf Umwandlung von Einschlüssen hinweist. Das Vorkommen von Analcim und Pumpellyit bei Aghda ist ein Hinweis auf Zeolithfazies-Bedingungen mit niedrigen fCO 2 und H2O und hohem Pfluid.
    Notes: Summary Spectacular large (3 cm) euhedral trapezohedra composed of single crystals of analcime or aggregates of pumpellyite occur in three stratigraphically adjacent phonolitic lavas from Aghda. The trapezohedra contain concentrically arranged inclusions of plagioclase, pyroxene, titanomagnetite and apatite which are fresh in the analcime but extensively altered in the pumpellyite. The analcime crystals are remarkably homogeneous in composition and are interpreted as having formed by ion-exchange pseudomorphous replacement of primary leucite. In the lower phonolite, however, the analcime became unstable and was replaced by pumpellyite which has a wide compositional range, reflecting variable input of Fe, Mg, Ca and Al from the precursor analcime and alteration of inclusions. The occurrence of analcime and pumpellyite at Aghda is indicative of zeolite facies conditions with low fCO 2and H2O activity and probably high Pfluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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