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  • 21
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The deceleration capabilities of the ESR have been used for the first time in a dedicated ground state QED experiment conducted at the gasjet target of the ring. By decelerating bare uranium ions from 358 MeV/u down to energies of as low as 49 MeV/u, X-ray spectra have been obtained which provide an abundant yield of characteristic X-ray transitions. The experiment demonstrates that, by choosing the appropriate beam energy and gasjet target, almost all excited projectile states can be selectively populated. Moreover, the experiment provides the first data for beam lifetimes of stored decelerated high-Z ions. Such data are essential for the design of future experiments dealing with decelerated ion beams far below 50 MeV/u.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal cooling forces have been measured for heavy ions from C6+ to U92+ at various energies from 50 to 360 MeV/u. Two experimental methods are described which offer the opportunity to measure the cooling force over the whole range of relative ion velocities from zero to 107 m/s. Measurements for various ion species are presented which show a pronounced deviation from the expected q2 scaling in the regime of low relative ion velocities. Further investigations concerning the influence of the magnetic field strength in the cooler revealed no significant influence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cooled beam of decelerated highly-charged heavy ions is slowly extracted out of the cooler and storage ring ESR, by combining the deceleration technique and the charge exchange extraction mode. The quality of the external ion beam is tested by a channeling experiment. Bare Au79+ ions are injected into the ESR at an energy of 360 MeV/u, decelerated to 53 MeV/u, and finally cooled strongly in the electron cooler. By breeding of neighboring charge state ions via radiative recombination in the electron cooler H-like ions are produced. The H-like ion fraction is extracted out of the storage ring. This extracted Au78+ ion beam is probed by a channeling experiment measuring the extinction rate of the projectile Kα X-ray yield around the [110] axis of a thin silicon crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Schottky mass spectrometry is a novel method of precision nuclear mass spectrometry based on the measurement of the revolution frequencies of cooled ions in storage rings performed by non-destructive frequency analysis of the beam noise, the well-established Schottky diagnosis technique. The method was applied for the first time at the Experimental Storage Ring ESR at GSI observing electron cooled highly charged ions up to bare nuclei at relativistic energies around several hundred MeV/u. To demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the method at the ESR, experimental tests have been carried out using beams of nuclear fragments produced in the ring itself by the interaction of different primary beams with the internal gas jet target. Futhermore, first Schottky mass measurements of secondary nuclear beams produced by projectile fragmentation of Au and Bi primary beams in a thick Be-target were carried out in order to determine the masses for numerous heavy neutron deficient nuclei which had not been measured before. Relative accuracies for the measured mass values in the order of 1×10−6 and below can be achieved. The method is briefly discussed and some early results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The properties of electron cooled heavy ion beams in the ESR storage ring are dominated by heating due to intrabeam scattering. For low intensity ion beams a sudden reduction of the longitudinal ion beam temperature has been detected by Schottky noise analysis. This can be interpreted as the disappearance of intrabeam scattering heating which could allow a longitudinal ordering of the ion beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 23 (1975), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary At local thermochemical equilibrium the chemical production rate is determined by the flow. It is not given by kinetic relations as in the general case of nonequilibrium flow. This requires a different system of equations for the calculation of the flow field. At equilibrium the balance equations for the chemical components of a multicomponent mixture are substited by balance equations for the elements together with equilibrium relations. The equilibrium production rate is treated for a hypersonic boundary layer flow of air consisting of the components N2, O2, NO, N, and O.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im lokalen thermochemischen Gleichgewicht wird die chemische Produktionsdichte durch die Strömung bestimmt. Sie ist nicht wie im allgemeinen Fall der Nichtgleichgewichtsströmung über reaktionskinetische Beziehungen festgelegt. Das erfordert ein anderes Gleichungssystem zur Berechnung des Strömungsfeldes. Im Gleichgewicht treten an die Stelle der Bilanzgleichungen für die chemischen Komponenten eines polynären Gemisches Bilanzgleichungen für die Elemente zusammen mit Gleichgewichtsbeziehungen. Die Produktionsdichte im Gleichgewicht wird für eine Hyperschallgrenzschichtströmung von Luft behandelt, die aus den Komponenten N2, O2, NO, N und O besteht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 34.80.Kw ; 32.30.Rj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray spectra induced by spontaneous capture of free cooling electrons into bare and hydrogenlike heavy ions have been observed. Au78+, Au79+ and U91+ ions were stored in the storage ring ESR at velocities between 60% and 65% of the velocity of light and the x rays were measured in coincidence with stored particles having captured one electron in the electron cooler. The lines observed can be attributed to the direct transition of cooling electrons into theK shell of the projectile and to the characteristicL →K transitions. The latter are mainly induced by capture into higher shells and subsequent cascade transitions. The measurements are compared to detailed calculations within the framework of presently available theories. Although the relative structure of the measured spectra is in fair agreement with the theoretical prediction, the total charge-changing rate in the electron cooler is about a factor of three smaller than expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 721-724 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Fehler, der bei der Messung des mittleren dynamischen Drucks und der daraus berechneten mittleren Geschwindigkeit auftritt, ist sowohl abhängig von der Turbulenzstruktur selbst als auch von der Form der verwendeten Sonde. Der durch die Sonde hervorgerufene Fehler läßt sich durch die Richtungsempfindlichkeit in nicht turbulenter Strömung erklären und berechnen, sofern die Turbulenzstruktur selbst bekannt ist. Untersuchungen an einem turbulenten Luftfreistrahl konstanter Dichte werden beschrieben. Der Meßfehler in Strömungen mit Geschwindigkeits- und Dichteschwankungen wird qualitativ behandelt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 1095-1099 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die in der Praxis vorkommenden Diffusionsflammen lassen sich häufig auf die Grundformen Einzelstrahlflamme, konzentrische Doppelstrahlflamme und Drallstrahlflamme zurückführen. Die Beschreibung der Strahlmischung mit Hilfe der Ähnlichkeitsgesetze turbulenter Strahlen erlaubt, den Einfluß der Anfangsbedingungen am Brenner auf die weiter stromab liegenden Gebiete systematisch zu erfassen. In begrenztem Umfang liefert die Ähnlichkeitstheorie auch Aussagen über Flammen, die in Gruppen angeordnet sind, und über Flammen, die sich unter Ausbildung eines Rückstromwirbels in begrenzten Feuerräumen ausbreiten. Bei Anwendung der Ähnlichkeitsgesetze ergeben sich Parameter, die es ermöglichen, den Umfang der experimentellen Untersuchungen einzuschränken.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 42 (1970), S. 73-76 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mit Pulsationen können die turbulente Mischung in Freistrahlen und Freistrahlflammen und damit der Ablauf der chemischen Reaktion bei der Verbrennung in einem gewissen Umfang beschleunigt werden. Um Größe und Grenzen des Einflusses festzustellen, wurden einem stationären Freistrahl Pulsationen aufgeprägt. Die Eigenschaften des pulsierenden Strahls wurden anhand von Frequenzspektren, Turbulenzgraden, dimensionslosen Geschwindigkeitsprofilen und Gaskonzentrationen dargestellt und mit einem nichtpulsierenden Strahl bzw. einer entsprechenden Flamme verglichen. Einen entscheidenden Einfluß hat die Reynolds-Zahl.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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