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  • 21
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The transition from mitosis to meiosis is a defining juncture in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. In yeast, the decision to enter meiosis is made before the single round of DNA replication that precedes the two meiotic divisions. We present genetic evidence of an analogous decision ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In humans, deletion of any one of three Y-chromosomal regions—AZFa, AZFb or AZFc—disrupts spermatogenesis, causing infertility in otherwise healthy men. Although candidate genes have been identified in all three regions, no case of spermatogenic failure has been traced to a point ...
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 22 (1999), S. 209-209 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature Genet. 21, 429– 433 (1999). Due to an error on the part of Nature Genetics, Figs 4 and 5 were mislabelled. With respect to Fig. 4, human CDY, which was labelled "autosomal", should have been labelled "Y-linked". The correct version is printed below. With respect to Fig. 5, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 21 (1999), S. 429-433 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Most genes in the human NRY (non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome) can be assigned to one of two groups: X-homologous genes or testis-specific gene families with no obvious X-chromosomal homologues. The CDY genes have been localized to the human Y chromosome, and we report here that they ...
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Jensen et al. reply—Since our report appeared suggesting that BRCA1 is secreted and exhibits properties of a granin1 questions have been raised about the specificity of BRCA1 antibodies, the subcellular localization of BRCA1, the significance of the granin site in BRCA1 and the plausibility ...
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Germline mutations in BRCA1 are responsible for most cases of inherited breast and ovarian cancer. However, the function of the BRCA1 protein has remained elusive. We now show that BRCA1 encodes a 190-kD protein with sequence homology and biochemical analogy to the granin protein family. ...
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0144-5154
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Investigate the use of two imaging-based methods - coded pattern projection and laser-based triangulation - to generate 3D models as input to a rapid prototyping pipeline. Design/methodology/approach - Discusses structured lighting technologies as suitable imaging-based methods. Two approaches, coded-pattern projection and laser-based triangulation, are specifically identified and discussed in detail. Two commercial systems are used to generate experimental results. These systems include the Genex Technologies 3D FaceCam and the Integrated Vision Products Ranger System. Findings - Presents 3D reconstructions of objects from each of the commercial systems. Research limitations/implications - Provides background in imaging-based methods for 3D data collection and model generation. A practical limitation is that imaging-based systems do not currently meet accuracy requirements, but continued improvements in imaging systems will minimize this limitation. Practical implications - Imaging-based approaches to 3D model generation offer potential to increase scanning time and reduce scanning complexity. Originality/value - Introduces imaging-based concepts to the rapid prototyping pipeline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Depuis que le syndrome d'hyperaldostéronisme primitif a été décrit par Jerôme Conn en 1955 plus de 300 sujets qui en étaient victimes ont été identifiés à la Vanderbilt University de Nashville et à l'University of Michigan de Ann Arbor. La cause la plus fréquente de cette endocrinopathie répond à un adénome solitaire de la cortico-surrénale (72%) alors que l'hyperplasie corticale des 2 surrénales est plus rarement à son origine (27%), les adénomes multiples et/ou bilatéraux étant rarissimes (1%). Au cours des 4 dernières années 3 cas d'hyperaldosteronisme dû à un cancer de la cortico-surrénale ont été observés dans les 2 centres. Chacun de ces cas exceptionnels est exposé cependant que la littérature récente concernant l'hyperalderosteronisme est analysée.
    Abstract: Resumen Desde la descripción del síndrome de hiperaldosteronismo primario por Jeremo Conn en 1955, más de 300 pacientes con esta entidad han sido identificados en nuestros 2 centros médicos, la Universidad de Vanderbilt (Nashville) y la Universidad de Michigan (Ann Arbor). La causa más frecuente de esta endocrinopatía ha sido el adenoma solitario de la corteza suprarrenal (72%); la hiperplasia adrenocortical bilateral ha sido la causa del hiperaldosteronismo primario en 27% de los casos; con menor frecuencia se han presentado los adenomas multiples y/o bilaterales (1%). En los 4 últimos años hemos encontrado 3 pacientes con hiperaldosteronismo primario comprobado bioquímicamente producido por carcinoma adrenocortical. Se presenta cada uno de estos casos poco usuales junto con una revisión de la literatura reciente.
    Notes: Abstract Since the syndrome of primary hyperaldosteronism was described by Jerome Conn in 1955, over 300 patients with this disorder have been identified in the medical centers of Vanderbilt University and the University of Michigan. The most frequent cause of this endocrinopathy has been a solitary adenoma of the adrenal cortex (72%); bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia has been the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism in 27% of cases; less frequently, the cause has been multiple and/or bilateral adenomas (1%). During the last 4 years in these 2 medical centers, we have encountered 3 patients who have had biochemically proven primary hyperaldosteronism due to adrenocortical carcinoma. Each of these unusual cases is summarized with review of the recent literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 18 (1994), S. 32-38 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il existe chez 5 à 10 % des femmes qui ont apparemment des résultats normaux de biopsies mammaires, des aspects histologiques et cytologiques d'hyperplasie épithéliale atypique (HEA) du sein qui semblent prédire un certain risque de développer un cancer du sein. Ce risque a été estimé à 4–5 fois celui que présentent les femmes du même âge avec les mêmes autres facteurs de risque, mais qui n'ont pas de telles anomalies histo-cytologiques. Ce risque n'est cependant pas constant et semble diminuer avec le temps, rejoignant le même risques qu'ont d'autres femmes aux mêmes âges 10 à 15 ans après la première détection de ces anomalies. Le risque de voir se développer une prolifération sans atypie cellulaire, même extensive ou complexe, n'est que deux fois celui de la population en générale. L'HEA se voit souvent dans la fratrie des familles a cancer du sein, du moins chez les cousines au premier degré. Ce risque, deux fois celui de l'HEA, se situe à 20% environ 10–15 ans après la biopsie, en particulier chez les femmes de la cinquième (40–49) ou au début de la sixième (50) décennie. Ces considérations ont moins d'importance après l'âge de 60 ans. Un traitement par des oestrogènes à de faibles doses après la ménopause ne semble pas augmenter ce risque. Seuls les cancers intracanalaires in situ non comédocarcinomateux peuvent être considérés comme des lésions précancéreuses et ne nécessitent pas de traitement étendu, que nécessitent, par contre, les lésions du type comédocarcinome, même in situ. Des lésions non comédocarcinomateuses peuvent parfois devenir des cancers invasifs en 6 à 10 ans. Il faut les
    Abstract: Resumen Patrones histológicos y citológicos combinados de hiperplasia epitelial atípica (HA) en la glándula mamaria son indicativos de un riesgo de desarrollar cáncer del orden de 5 a 10% en las mujeres con lesiones por lo demás benignas. El riesgo es 4–5 veces mayor que el de mujeres de poblaciones similares que no poseen tales lesiones. Tales riesgos relativos no son estables, y disminuyen 10–15 años luego de la detección, para aproximarse a los riesgos de mujeres de edades comparables. La enfermedad proliferativa sin atipia, no importa qué tan extensa o compleja sea, predice un ligero riesgo mayor, el cual se acerca al doble del de la población de referencia. Hay una fuerte interacción de la HA con la historia familiar de cáncer mamario en por lo menos los familiaries de primer grado. Tal riesgo dobla al riesgo de HA sola, la dobla y se aproxima al 20% a los 10–15 años después de la biopsia, en particular en mujeres en las edades de los 40 y los primero 50 años, pero tales consideraciones son de menor importancia clínica en mujeres de 60 años. Los estrógenos conjugados en dosis bajas, administrados después de la menopausia, no parecieron incrementar el riesgo por encima del que fue identificado mediante patrones histológicos. Sólo el carcinoma in situ de tipo no comedo puede ser considerado como lesión precursora pero que no da lugar al tratamiento más extenso que se recomienda para el tipo más avanzado de comedo carcinoma ductal in situ. Pequeños carcinomas ductales in situ de tipo no comedo pueden resultar en carcinoma invasivo en un periodo de 6 a 10 años. Estos pueden ser tratados con resección local amplia sìn ìrradiación, pudiendose esperar que probablemente no se presentara recurrencia hasta en 8–10 años de seguimiento. Los carcinomas ductales in situ pueden ser lesiones muy extensas, y esta conducta conservadora debe ser reservada para las lesiones menores.
    Notes: Abstract Specific, combined histologic and cytologic patterns of atypical epithelial hyperplasia (AH) in the breast indicate a medically relevant risk of breast cancer development in 5% to 10% of women with otherwise benign biopsies. This risk is four to five times that of similar women without such lesions, that is, women of the same age and at risk for the same period of time. These relative risks are not stable and fall 10 to 15 years after detection, more closely approximating the risks of women of comparable age. Proliferative disease without atypia, no matter how extensive or complex, predicts only a slight elevation of risk, which approaches double that of the reference population. There is a strong interaction of AH with family history of breast cancer in at least a first degree relative. This risk doubles the risk of AH alone and is approximately 20% at 10 to 15 years after biopsy, particularly for women in their forties and early fifties. These considerations are of less clinical importance in women over age 60. Low replacement doses of conjugated estrogen after the menopause do not further elevate risk beyond that identified by histologic patterns. Noncomedo ductal carcinoma in situ may be considered a true precursor lesions; however, it differs significantly in many ways from the more advanced lesion recognized as the comedo type of ductal carcinoma in situ. Small examples of noncomedo ductal carcinoma in situ can eventuate in invasive carcinoma after 6 to 10 years. They may be treated by wide local excision without radiation, with no recurrence up to 8 to 10 years in all likelihood. Ductal carcinoma in situ lesions can be extensive within the breast, and this conservative posture should be reserved for smaller lesions.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 51 (1998), S. 195-208 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; prognosis ; histology ; tumor type ; tumor grade ; pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis coupled with prognostication is the challenge for and charge of the pathologist. In this time of rapidly developing basic knowledge and increasing sophistication in the evaluation of prognostic information, there has also been an important re- evaluation of the validity, reliability, and relevance of classic histopathology. Also, the precision of and criteria for evaluating tumor size and status of regional lymph nodes is under study. Our emphasis in this review is tissue pathology and further, its practical relevance to patient management. Histopathology remains the basis of diagnosis universally; the addition of other elements will increase precision of prediction, particularly of responsiveness to individual therapies. Histologic grade may be integrated to substratify high and low stage cases into prognostically more useful subsets. Histologic types also interact with size and nodal status to predict patients with excellent prognosis. Further refinement of these parameters may occur by analysis within clinical, pathologic, or therapeutic subsets.
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