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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Schock ; Hämorrhagie ; Streßproteine ; Hitzeschockreaktion ; Hämoxygenase ; Key words Haemorrhage ; Shock ; Stress proteins ; Heat shock response ; Haeme oxygenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Objective: Recent evidence suggests a possible role for Haeme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) in the regulation of vascular tone through elevation of cyclic 3′–5′ guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Previous work from our laboratory has shown that blockade of the HO pathway by tin-protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP) after resuscitation from haemorrhage leads to a specific and profound increase in portal resistance while neither systemic nor hepatic arterial resistance are affected. We therefore investigated the organ-specific expression pattern of the stress-inducible protein haeme oxygenase-1/heat shock protein 32 after haemorrhage and resuscitation. Materials and methods: After approval of the protocol by the local review board, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6/group) were anaesthetised with pentobarbitone, instrumented for assessment of central haemodynamics, and subjected to haemorrhagic hypotension (40 mm Hg for 1 h) followed by resuscitation with 60% shed blood and Ringer’s solution or a time-matched sham protocol. Samples of liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, aorta, and lungs were harvested 5 h after the onset of resuscitation and subjected to Western-blot analysis using a specific anti-rat HO-1/hsp 32 antibody (StressGen, Sidney, Canada). Results: Resuscitation with shed blood/Ringer’s solution restored central haemodynamics and acid-base status while significant haemodilution was observed. Haemorrhage and resuscitation led to strong induction of HO-1 in the liver and slight induction in aortic tissue, while no increase in steady-state protein levels was observed in the other organs studied. Conclusion:These results suggest a specific contribution of the HO/CO pathway to maintenance of low hepatic portal resistance in vivo in a clinically relevant model of haemorrhagic shock and adequate resuscitation.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Kohlenmonoxid (CO) entsteht als Intermediärstoffwechselprodukt im Hämabbau und kann nach neuesten Erkenntnissen ähnlich wie Stickstoffmonoxid über Aktivierung der Guanylatzyklase vasodilatorische Wirkungen entfalten. Für die endogene Bildung von CO ist ausschließlich die mikrosomale Hämoxygenase (HO) verantwortlich, die als konstitutives Enzym (HO-2) sowie in einer streßinduzierbaren Isoform (HO-1 oder Hitzeschockprotein 32) vorliegt. Hemmung des Hämstoffwechsels nach Schock und Volumentherapie führt nach eigenen Untersuchungen zu einer spezifischen Zunahme des Pfortaderwiderstands, ohne vasokonstriktorische Wirkungen in der systemischen Zirkulation hervorzurufen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde daher das organspezifische Expressionsmuster der streßinduzierbaren Isoform des Enzyms nach hämorrhagischem Schock und Volumentherapie untersucht. Methoden und Ergebnisse: In einem kliniknah therapierten Schockmodell an der Ratte führte das Schockereignis zu einer geringfügigen Expression von HO-1 in Aortengewebe sowie zu einer ausgeprägten Expression in der Leber, während eine Induktion in anderen Organen wie Lunge, Darm oder Niere nach Hämorrhagie nicht nachweisbar war. Schlußfolgerung: Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, daß HO-1/Hitzeschockprotein 32 in der Leber ein streßinduzierbares Vasodilatatorsystem, das zur Aufrechterhaltung der Leberperfusion nach hämorrhagischem Schock beiträgt, darstellt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4503-4511 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Charged closed-cell polypropylene polymer foams are highly sensitive and broadband piezoelectric materials with a quasistatic piezoelectric d33 coefficient about 250 pC/N and a dynamic d33 coefficient of 140 pC/N at 600 kHz. The piezoelectric coefficient is much larger than that of ferroelectric polymers, like polyvinylidene fluoride, and compares favorably with ferroelectric ceramics, such as lead zirconate titanate. The pyroelectric coefficient p3=0.25 μC/m2 K is small in comparison to ferroelectric polymers and ferroelectric ceramics. The low density, small pyroelectric coefficient and high piezoelectric sensitivity make charged polymer foams attractive for a wide range of sensor and transducer applications in acoustics, air-borne ultrasound, medical diagnostics, and nondestructive testing. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is known to be obligatory for long-term endothelial cell cultures; it potentiates the mitogenic activities of endothelial cell growth factors and prolongs the replicative life span of the cells. Here we have shown that besides its growth factor-supportive role, heparin exerts a specific action on cerebral capillary endothelial cells (cECs), unrelated to serum or growth factors, by increasing activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) in these cells. For our experiments we have used two different types of cloned cECs: type I cECs, grown in the presence of endothelial cell growth factor and heparin, and type II cECs, usually cultivated without growth factors. Heparin action on ODC activity was shown to be dose dependent within the range of 1–100 μg/ml. Increasing concentrations of or depletion of endothelial cell growth factor from type I cultures had no effect on ODC activity. The increase in enzyme activity was highest after 30 min to 1 h of heparin treatment. As evidenced by northern analysis, the heparin-mediated enhancement of ODC activity was not accompanied by changes of ODC mRNA levels. Studies of DNA replication revealed that in the absence of heparin-binding growth factors, heparin did not affect the proliferative activity of cloned cECs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We communicate a detailed study of the epitaxial growth of CeO2 on MgO. The key feature of the growth is the dependence of the in-plane orientation of the CeO2 epitaxial layer on the MgO surface morphology. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) measurements, x-ray analyses, as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations reveal that on rough substrates a cube-on-cube growth of CeO2 on MgO occurs while on smooth substrates the CeO2 unit cell is rotated around the surface normal by 45° with respect to the MgO unit cell when the deposition rate is low (∼0.3 A(ring)/s) during the first stages of growth. This growth mechanism can be used for a defined fabrication of 45° grain boundaries in the CeO2 layer by controlling the surface roughness of the MgO substrate. This report demonstrates that these 45° grain boundaries may be used to fabricate YBa2Cu3O7−x Josephson junctions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 2627-2635 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Several of the chromophore molecules considered for use in nonlinear optical polymers exhibit photoisomerization. This photoinduced transformation from one isomer to another changes the shape of the dipolar molecule and thus often enhances its mobility within a polymer matrix. Consequently, the molecular dipoles can sometimes be oriented by means of an electric field even well below the glass transition temperature of a nonlinear optical polymer if photoisomerization can be exploited. This effect forms the basis of photoinduced poling which was investigated in detail and also used for the preparation of poling patterns with inverted dipole orientations along the thickness direction of a polymer film. By means of pyroelectrical measurements, the photoinduced poling process was examined in situ and the resulting nonuniform dipole orientation profiles were probed. From the combination of pyroelectrical thermal analysis and thermally stimulated depolarization, a complete description of the relaxation behavior in polymer samples after photoinduced poling was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5283-5287 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Charged closed-cell polymer foams have been found to be highly sensitive piezoelectric materials. Charging is shown to arise from dielectric barrier microdischarges within the voids of the cellular polymer. Above the threshold voltage for breakdown in the voids, the microdischarges are evidenced by light emission from the polymer, as well as by displacement-voltage hysteresis loops. Monitoring light emission during breakdown is shown to provide a quick check for the suitability of foams for piezoelectric applications. Additionally it allows for the visualization of micropores in foams in a nondestructive way. The piezoelectric response of the foam can be switched by applying dc-voltage pulses of alternating polarity above the breakdown threshold, thereby showing the feasibility of patterning the piezoelectric properties within the film plane. Although piezoelectric foams are nonferroelectric, the experiments prove similarities to ferroelectric materials with respect to hysteresis behavior, as well as a threshold (coercive) field for switching of the polarization and piezoelectricity. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 22-24 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Electron beams with an energy of 10 keV were employed for selectively poling only the lower part of a typical nonlinear optical guest/host polymer at a temperature of 90 °C. The resulting dipole orientation was examined by means of electro-optical measurements and thermally stimulated depolarization, while the nonuniform charge and polarization profiles were probed with laser-induced pressure pulses and thermal waves. The concept of nonlinear optical frequency conversion with simultaneous mode conversion is described as an example for the advantages of such a selective poling process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2941-2943 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Pulsed-laser deposited (PLD) polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon-PTFE) films from press-sintered powder targets are found to be highly crystalline, with spherulite sizes adjustable over more than one order of magnitude by suitable thermal annealing. Films with large spherulites show an excellent charge stability, comparable and even superior to commercially available Teflon-PTFE foils. PLD-PTFE enlarges the family of Teflon materials and may thus become interesting for potential miniaturized electret devices. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 568-570 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Crosslinking of polymers with dipoles can be followed by means of dielectric, pyroelectric, and in situ electro-optic measurements. All three techniques provide similar insights as to the cross-linking process. In addition, electro-optic measurements allow for the determination of the resulting optical nonlinearity. After crosslinking is completed the polymer behaves like a side-chain polymer. In addition, photoinduced poling of an already cross-linked dipolar polymer network is demonstrated. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 3347-3349 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Modal dispersion phase-matched second harmonic generation is demonstrated in new poled polymer waveguide geometries with a nonlinear optical core consisting of two side-chain polymers with different glass transition temperatures. After poling above and between the respective glass transitions, the sign of the nonlinear optical coefficient is reversed in the two polymers, thereby improving the overlap integral. Conversion efficiencies up to 7%/W cm2 were achieved in the first experiments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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