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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Comparative evaluation of the prognostic value of MUC1, MUC2, sialyl-Lewisa and sialyl-Lewisx antigens in colorectal adenocarcinoma Aims: The significance of MUC1, MUC2 and sialylated Lewis blood group antigens as prognostic markers in colorectal adenocarcinoma was investigated in a large series of patients because previous investigations revealed inconsistent results due to unrelated tumour samples from different patient groups and methodological differences. Methods and results: Tissues from 243 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were stained immunohistochemically. MUC1 showed a strong immunoreactivity (in more than 35% of the tumour area) in 32.5%, MUC2 in 51.0%, sialyl-Lewisx in 67.9% and sialyl-Lewisa in 73.7% of the cases, respectively. MUC1 immunoreactivity displayed a significant correlation with tumour progression as reflected by advancing pTNM staging and poor differentiation. MUC2 expression was significantly stronger in mucinous adenocarcinomas. Sialyl-Lewisx immunostaining correlated with the extent of lymph node metastasis as well as low cytological differentiation. According to univariate and multivariate analysis (P 〈 0.0001) only MUC1 reactivity represented a marker of worse survival probability, opposed to the sialylated Lewis antigens that did not exert a predictive value. Conclusions: According to our data, MUC1 and sialyl-Lewisx immunoreactivity exhibit statistically significant correlations with established markers of tumour progression. However, only MUC1 presents as an independent prognostic factor of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Pantoprazole is a new substituted benzimidazole which is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion by its action upon H+,K+-ATPase. Aim:To compare pantoprazole 40 mg with omeprazol 20 mg as once daily dosing in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis (grades II and III). Methods: This double-blind, randomized, multicentre study included 286 patients. Patients were reendoscoped after 4 weeks, and continued to receive a further 4 weeks of treatment if they were not healed a this time. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, complete healing occurred in 126/170 (74%) patients in the pantoprazole group and in 67/86 (78%) patients in the omeprazole group (per-protocol analysis). At 8 weeks, the corresponding healing rates were 153/170 (90%) and 81/86 (94%). The differences between the treatment groups were not significant (P= 0.57 and 0.34). Improvement in the principal symptoms of reflux oesophagitis was also very similar between the treatment groups, with 59% and 69% at 2 weeks, and 83% and 86% at 4 weeks, respectively, being free from any individual symptom. Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions: This study has shown pantoprazole and omeprazole to be similarly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild to moderate reflux oesophagitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This study evaluates potential regulating factors in primary pulmonary carcinoid tumours, 16 typical and four atypical samples, with special emphasis on apoptosis and the bcl-2 gene family. Furthermore, p53-related oncogenes were analysed in a search for associated biological parameters.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsThe in-situ end-labelling technique (ISEL) was used to determine apoptotic cells, in addition to immunohistochemical methods, which were used to investigate the expression of the Ki67 antigen (avidin–biotin complex (ABC) method) and bcl-2, bcl-x, p53, p21/waf1, p27 and mdm-2 proteins (catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) technique). The incidence of apoptotic tumour cells was significantly enhanced in typical carcinoids. The bcl-2 protein was expressed to a higher degree in atypical carcinoids, which displayed a higher proliferative capacity as well. In contrast, bcl-x was observed predominantly in so-called typical carcinoids. The tumour cell turnover index was the most distinguishing parameter between both entities. All carcinoid tumours failed to show a staining for p53, p21/waf, p27 and mdm-2 proteins.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsThe different biological behaviour of the carcinoid tumours under study seems to be influenced by the bcl-2 gene family preventing programmed cell death. We speculate that this results in a more aggressive course in atypical carcinoid tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Aims:  Adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus and especially the oesophago–gastric junction have shown an increasing incidence during the last decade. Definition of subgroups according to different sites of development, histogenesis or aetiology may prove to be valuable for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Previous studies have shown differences in cytokeratin patterns between Barrett's metaplasia of the oesophagus and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the expression of certain cytokeratins (CK7, CK20) and mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) exhibit clear-cut patterns, thus allowing a subclassification of adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction. The possibility of a relationship between antigen expression and the presence or absence of Barrett's metaplastic epithelium was also studied.Methods and results:  CK7, CK20, MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC were visualized in six adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus, 29 adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction and eight adenocarcinomas of the proximal stomach. CK7, CK20 and MUC1 were strongly expressed in the great majority of all neoplasms under study, whereas MUC2 and MUC5AC were absent or only faintly detectable. CK20 exhibited a significantly stronger expression in poorly differentiated tumours (G3) and MUC1 immunoreactivity correlated with tubular and papillary versus signet-ring cell histopathology. Other statistically significant correlations between antigens and histopathological features (pTNM stage, grading, histopathological subtype, presence/absence of Barrett's epithelium) were not observed.Conclusions:  According to our results, most adenocarcinomas of the oesophago–gastric junction show a CK7+, CK20+, MUC1+ phenotype irrespective of the presence or absence of Barrett's epithelium. The immunohistochemical data suggest a similar histogenesis of these tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Expression of MMP-2 is associated with progression and lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma Aims: One important step in tumour invasion is the penetration of the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the migration of normal and malignant cells through the basement membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) immunoreactivity and currently used classification systems and possible relationships between lymph node metastasis and MMP-2 expression. Methods and results: This prospective study analysed specimens obtained from 114 gastric cancer patients (mean age 64 years; range 33–86 years) who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. All specimens were categorized according to UICC classification, WHO classification, tumour differentiation, Laurén classification, Ming classification and Goseki classification. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour specimens were stained using an avidin–biotin complex peroxidase assay. MMP-2 expression in the tumour epithelium was studied by immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative (score 0–3) evaluation. The MMP-2 staining pattern was positive (score 1–3) in 93 (81.6%) specimens and negative (score 0) in 21 (18.4%) samples. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 expression and other variables such as age, tumour differentiation, WHO, Lauren, Goseki, and Ming classifications. In contrast, the intensity of MMP-2 staining in tumour cells correlated significantly with depth of tumour infiltration (T-stage), lymph node metastasis (N-stage), distant metastasis (M-stage), and UICC stage. Conclusions: Expression of MMP-2 is strongly associated with tumour progression and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. Therefore MMP-2 staining may be clinically useful as predictor of tumour progression, especially for lymph node metastasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ecstasy ; fulminant hepatic failure ; liver tranplantation ; Fulminant hepatic failure ; ecstasy ; liver transplantation ; Liver transplantation ; fulminant hepatic failure ; ecstasy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Methylenedimethoxymethamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as ecstasy, is a synthetic amphetamine derivative used by teenagers and young adults in the United States as well as in Western Europe as a “dance drug“. Though a number of complica
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Peptic ulcer ; Ulcer recurrence ; Etiology ; Gastric resection ; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. ; Schlüsselwörter: Peptisches Ulcus ; Rezidivulcus ; Ätiologie ; Magenresektion ; Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In einem 10-Jahres-Zeitraum wurden 50 Patienten mit postoperativem Rezidivulcus nach Magenresektion behandelt, von denen 31 einmal, 8 zweimal, 5 dreimal und 6 viermal am Magen voroperiert worden waren. Das Rezidivulcus ließ sich in 78 % der Fälle auf operationsabhängige Ursachen zurückführen: zu großer Restmagen 56 %, Anastomosenstenose 18 %, Schlingenprobleme 4 %. Dagegen bestanden in 22 % der Patienten operationsunabhängige Ursachen: Abusus nichtsteroidaler Antirheumatica (NSAR) 10 %, Hyperacidität des normal großen Restmagens 6 %, Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom 6 %. Als wichtigster Cofaktor der Ulcusgenese fand sich in 38 % der Gesamtgruppe ein chronischer NSAR-Abusus. Das Intervall zwischen dem Beschwerdebeginn der Ulcuskrankheit und dem letzten ulcusbedingten Eingriff betrug im Mittel 13,8 (0,5–36) Jahre. Die definitive Behandlung der Rezidivulcera war 34mal operativ – indiziert durch Ulcuskomplikationen (73,5 %) bzw. Versagen der medikamentösen Therapie (26,5 %) – und 16mal konservativ. Die Operationen umfaßten 21 Nachresektionen, 7 thorakale trunculäre Vagotomien, 4 Gastrektomien, 1 Operation nach Whipple und 1 Gastrinomenucleation (Operationsmortalität 0 %). Bei einem medianen Follow-up von 7,1 Jahren, und einer Follow-up-Rate von 96 % betrug die kumulative Rerezidivulcusrate für die konservativ behandelte Gruppe 57 % und für die operierten Patienten 17,6 % (p 〈 0,05). Keiner der 8 im Langzeitverlauf verstorbenen Patienten hatte eine ulcusbedingte Todesursache.
    Notizen: Summary. Within a 10-year period, 50 patients with postoperative ulcer recurrence after gastric resection were treated; 31 of these had one, 8 two, 5 three and 6 four previous gastric operations. Ulcer recurrence was attributed to surgery-related causes in 78 % of the cases: excessively large gastric remnant 56 %, anastomotic stenosis 18 %, loop problems 4 %. Some 22 % of the patients had causes independent of previous surgery: abuse of non-steroidal antirheumatics (NSAR) 10 %, hyperacidity of normal gastric remnant 6 %, Zollinger-Ellison-Syndrom 6 %. The most important co-factor of ulcer genesis was chronic abuse of NSAR (38 % of the total series). The interval between onset of complaints of ulcer disease and the last ulcer-dependent operation amounted on average to 13.8 (0.5–36) years. The definitive treatment of recurrent ulceration was surgery in 34 cases – indicated by ulcer complications (73.5 %) or failure of medical therapy (26.5 %) – and conservative treatment in 16 cases. Surgery comprised 21 re-resections, 7 thoracic truncal vagotomies, 4 total gastrectomies, 1 Whipple procedure and 1 enucleation of gastrinoma (hospital mortality 0 %). During the follow-up period (median 7.1 years, follow-up rate 96 %), the cumulative ulcer re-recurrence rate was 57 % for the conservatively treated group and 17.6 % for the patients treated by surgery (p 〈 0.05). In none of the eight patients who died during long-term follow-up was the cause of death ulcer-related.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin ; Alcohol consumption ; Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus ; Preoperative risk analysis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Kohlenhydratdefizientes Transferrin (CDT) ; Alkoholkonsum ; Plattenepithelcarcinom des Oesophagus ; präoperative Risikoanalyse.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven Studie zur präoperativen Risikoerfassung der Alkoholabhängigkeit wurden 46 Patienten untersucht, bei denen eine Oesophagektomie wegen eines Plattenepithelcarcinoms durchgeführt wurde. Bei allen Patienten wurde präoperativ der Alkoholmarker kohlenhydratdefizientes Transferrin (CDT) im Serum bestimmt und mit dem Auftreten einer postoperativen Entzugssymptomatik (ja/nein) und dem postoperativen Verlauf (gut/mittel/schlecht/Tod) in Beziehung gesetzt. Für das untersuchte Kollektiv traten bei erhöhtem CDT-Wert signifikant häufiger Entzugssymptome auf (Median des CDT mit Entzug 17,0 U/l vs. ohne Entzug 10,7 U/l; p = 0,0006) bzw. fand sich bei erhöhtem CDT ein signifikant schlechterer postoperativer Verlauf (Median des CDT für mittleren/schlechten/letalen postoperativen Verlauf 14,0 U/l vs. guten Verlauf 10,8 U/l; p = 0,02). Der präoperative CDT-Wert korrelierte signifikant (p = 0,04) mit den anamnestischen Angaben über den präoperativen Alkoholkonsum (normal/erhöht/ stark erhöht). In einer multivariaten logistischen Regressionsanalyse waren CDT und präoperativer Alkoholkonsum unabhängige Parameter, die signifikant den postoperativen Verlauf bzw. Entzug vorhersagten. Für den CDT-Cut-off-Wert von 〈 15,3 U/l wurde hinsichtlich des Parameters „postoperativer Entzug eine Sensitivität“ von 71,4 % und eine Spezifität von 84,4 % berechnet. Die Bestimmung des CDT kann vor einer geplanten Oesophagektomie Patienten mit übermäßigem Alkoholkonsum sicher identifizieren.
    Notizen: Summary. In a prospective study the preoperative risk of alcohol addiction was evaluated in 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. In all patients the alcohol marker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) was measured prior to esophagectomy and correlated with the incidence of postoperative withdrawal symptoms (yes/no) and the postoperative course (good/moderate/poor/fatal). Withdrawal symptoms were more frequently observed in cases of elevated CDT values (median of CDT with withdrawal 17.0 U/l vs without withdrawal 10.7 U/l; P = 0.0006). CDT values were significantly increased in case of a complicated postoperative course (median of CDT for moderate/poor/fatal postoperative course 14.0 U/l vs good course 10.8 U/l; P = 0.02). The CDT value correlated (P = 0.04) with the patient's history of preoperative alcohol consumption (normal/increased/high). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis CDT and preoperative alcohol consumption were independent parameters to predict significantly the postoperative course and withdrawal. The sensitivity was 71.4 % and the specifity 84.4 % selecting the parameter “postoperative withdrawal” and a CDT cut-off point of 〈 15.3 U/l. CDT can effectively identify patients with high alcohol consumption prior to esophagectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 264-264 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis ; Guidelines ; Quality assurance. ; Schlüsselwörter: Perioperative Antibioticaprophylaxe ; Leitlinienerstellung ; Qualitätssicherung.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. Einleitung: Die Effektivität der perioperativen Antibioticagabe ist nachgewiesen, die Prophylaxe wird jedoch häufig inadäquat angewandt. Ziel der Studie war es daher zu überprüfen, inwieweit Leitlinien in der Lage sind, die Qualität der perioperativen Gabe von Antibiotica zu verbessern. Methoden: In einer retrospektiven Analyse stellten wir bei 280 Operationen den Ist-Zustand der Antibioticaprophylaxe hinsichtlich der Kriterienwahl des Antibioticums, Dosis, Zeitpunkt, Stop nach Operationsende und 2. Gabe bei einer Operationsdauer 〉 3 Std fest. Nach Leitlinienerstellung und klinikinterner Fortbildung erfolgte eine erneute Überprüfung im Rahmen einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie (n = 245). Gruppenunterschiede wurden mit dem χ 2-Test berechnet. Das Signifikanzniveau wurde auf p 〈 0,05 festgelegt. Ergebnisse: Der Anteil der indizierten, aber nicht durchgeführten Antibioticaprophylaxe konnte von 15,5 % auf 8,4 % (p 〈 0,05) reduziert werden. Die Prophylaxe wurde im Vergleich zur retrospektiven Analyse signifikant häufiger adäquat zur Anwendung gebracht (35,7 % vs. 63,5 %; p 〈 0,05). Dies war vor allem auf die genauere Berücksichtigung der Dosis und der Operationsdauer zurückzuführen. Diskussion: Krankenhausinterne Leitlinien können zu einer Verbesserung der perioperativen Antibioticaprophylaxe beitragen. Um ein optimales Ergebnis zu erreichen, müssen Leitlinien durch weitere Maßnahmen, wie z. B. computerassistierte Programme, ergänzt werden.
    Notizen: Abstract. Introduction: Although the effectiveness of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is proven, it is not used adequately. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether hospital-based guidelines are useful tools to improve the management of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis. Material: In a retrospective study the actual quality of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis as given by the criteria choice of drugs, dosage, timing, continuation and 2nd dose after 〉 3 h was evaluated. After information and establishment of adequate guidelines we started a prospective analysis to test compliance and rate of adequate prophylaxis. Differences were calculated according to the χ 2-test with P 〈 0.05 significance niveau. Results: The percentage of cases in which antibiotics were indicated but not administered was reduced from 15.5 % to 8.4 %. Compared to the result of the retrospective analysis, the prospective study showed a significantly higher percentage of adequately administered antibiotics (35.7 % vs. 63.5 %). This was mainly due to the compliance with dosage recommendations and to the 2nd dose in longer surgical procedures. Discussion: Guidelines lead to a significant improvement in perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. To increase this effect, further approaches such as integration of guidelines into computer-based systems should be evaluated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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