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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Eosinophil cationic protein in tears of normal subjects and patients affected by vernal keratoconjunctivitis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) levels of tear eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC); 2) the effect of pharmacologic therapy on ECP release; and 3) the correlation of this mediator with the severity of the disease. Tears were collected from 10 controls and 20 VKC patients before and after therapy for cytologic analysis and ECP measurement by radioimmunoassay. Ocular signs and symptoms were evaluated before tear collection. Mean ECP levels in controls were 7.5 ± 0.4 μg/l, and in VKC patients, 988.3 ± 128 μg/l before therapy (P〈0.001) and 566.3 ± 121 μg/l after therapy (P〈0.005). In dexamethasone (Dex) 0.1%, or cyclosporin A (CsA) 2%, patients (five per group), tear ECP decreased significantly after 7–14 days of treatment. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 4% (five patients) for 14 days did not significantly affect ECP levels. ECP levels were significantly correlated with allergic signs (P〈0.001), symptoms (P〈0.001), and the number of eosinophils in tears (P〈0.005). The results of this study suggest that tear ECP levels accurately reflect the clinical status of VKC patients. The measurement of ECP may prove useful not only in the diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease, but also as an objective parameter for the evaluation of new antiallergic therapies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01209.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postabsorptive muscle protein metabolism in type 1 diabetic patients after pancreas transplantation (2000)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 37 (2000), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pancreas transplantation ; Muscle protein metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Insulin was shown to induce protein anabolism in vivo mainly by inhibiting proteolysis. Heterotopic pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by peripheral hyperinsulinemia due to systemic rather than portal insulin delivery. Therefore, we studied the postabsorptive muscle protein metabolism in type 1 diabetic patients with or without pancreas transplantation. The forearm balance technique was performed in 9 type 1 diabetic patients on exogenous insulin treatment, in 4 type 1 diabetic patients following successful pancreas transplantation and in 6 healthy volunteers. Labelled leucine and phenylalanine were infused to quantify whole-body and muscle protein synthesis, respectively. In the postabsorptive state, whole-body protein synthesis (leucine kinetics) was similar in pancreas-transplanted patients and controls. In contrast, muscle protein synthesis tended to be less negative in pancreas-transplanted patients with respect to type 1 diabetic patients and healthy volunteers. The present data suggest that recipients with peripheral insulin delivery and chronic hyperinsulinemia are characterized by a preferential stimulation of protein synthesis in muscle rather than in the splanchnic district. When insulin was infused acutely, while maintaining euglycemia, the whole-body and muscle protein synthesis rates were approximately halved in type 1 diabetic patients with and without pancreas transplantation. We conclude that pancreas transplantation is able to normalize basal and insulin-stimulated protein metabolism. Chronic hyperinsulinemia counteract steroid-induced protein degradation by means of a mild, but persistent stimulation of muscle protein synthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920070009
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A sensitive and reliable method for assaying true human insulin without interaction with human proinsulin-like molecules (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the present study our interests focused on the evaluation of a high capacity assay (MEIA) which allows true insulin determinations in the absence of cross-reactivity with proinsulin-like molecules. This method was compared to a commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) for insulin determination. As the latter gives insulin levels which represent a mixture of insulin and proinsulin-like molecules, the proinsulin-like molecules were quantitated by subtracting the true insulin levels measured using MEIA from the total insulin levels obtained using RIA. These methods were applied for the analysis of blood samples drawn in 63 normal subjects, 16 obese subjects, 3 patients submitted to islet transplantation and 4 patients with insulinoma. The MEIA was precise, fully automated and time-saving, making its application on a routine basis particularly attractive. MEIA and RIA were equally able to correctly quantify human insulin molecules. On the contrary, the antibody present in the true insulin assay did not interact with proinsulin-like molecules, which were recognized even in the presence of increasing insulin levels. In normal subjects, the true and total insulin levels in the fasting state and at the time peak after glucose-or arginine-induced endogenous insulin release were well correlated atr=0.88 and 0.89, respectively. Interestingly, total insulin values were overestimated by 10%–16% as compared with true insulin levels, which represent proinsulin values superimposable on previously reported data. Proinsulin-like molecules made up 50% of the total insulin in obese and transplanted patients, and about 70% in patients with insulinoma. In conclusion, the present study describes a precise, sensitive, fully automated and time-saving method for true insulin determination which is competitive with previously published methods. By subtracting the immunoreactivity measured in the insulin RIA and the insulin MEIA, we obtained the proinsulin-like molecule levels in the range previously reported for normal and obese subjects and patients with insulinoma, and provided a new insight into islet-transplanted patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581048
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fresh human islet transplantation to replace pancreatic endocrine function in type 1 diabetic patients (1991)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 28 (1991), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Islet allograft ; Type 1 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of islet allografts in patients with type 1 diabetes melititus. Six patients received human islets from either one or two donors via the portal vein, after (n=4) or simultaneously with (n=2) a kidney graft. The patients with functioning kidney grafts (nos. 1–4) were already on triple immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine A, azathioprine, prednisone). Prednisone was increased to 60 mg/day for 15 days after the islet transplant in patient 1. Patient 2–4 and the patients who underwent a simultaneous kidney-islets graft (nos. 5, 6) also received antilymphocyte globulin. Intravenous insulin was given for the first 15 days to maintain blood glucose concentrations within the normal range. Patient 1 rejected the islets within 15 days of islet transplantation. In patient 2, a 25% reduction in insulin requirement was observed and 12 months after transplantation post-prandial serum C-peptide was 1.5 ng/ml. In patient 3, the insulin requirement decreased from 40 to 8 units/day with a post-prandial serum C-peptide of 4.1 ng/ml 12 months after islet transplantation. In patient 4 the post-prandial secretion of C-peptide increased to 6.4 ng/ml. Six months after the islet infusion, insulin therapy was discontinued and HbA1c, 24-h metabolic profile and oral glucose tolerance test remained within the normal range. He had remained off insulin for 5 months until recently, when foot gangrene paralleled a worsening of post-prandial glycaemic control. Twelve months after transplantation he is receiving 8 units insulin/day. Patients 5 and 6 received a simultaneous kidney and islet graft and 6 months after transplantation their post-prandial C-peptide secretion peaks were 2.5 and 1.9 ng/ml respectively. Their daily insulin requirement was not significantly modified. In conclusion, these results show that an adequate number of human islets injected intraportally in type 1 diabetic patients can replace the pancreatic endocrine function and can lead to insulin independence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00579718
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature of the Sun (1871)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 4 (1871), S. 384-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] I HAVE just seen the interesting note of Mr. Ericsson in the number of NATURE for July 13 (p. 204), and I am very glad that, this question should be thoroughly ventilated. Mr. Ericsson and others have been startled at the high degree of temperature at which I have arrived, and the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/004384a0
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mono-oligoclonal immunoglobulin abnormalities in diabetic patients after kidney transplantation: influence of simultaneous pancreas graft (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1176-1179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Pancreas transplantation ; kidney transplantation ; monoclonal immunoglobulins ; immunosuppression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Monoclonal components (MC) are detected in as high as 30 % of renal transplant recipients. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence, relevance and consequence of monoclonal components in patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes who received kidney (n = 22), kidney and whole pancreas (n = 41), kidney and segmental pancreas (n = 24) and kidney and islets (n = 12) transplants. Immunosuppression was based on prophylactic anti-lymphocyte globulins, corticosteroids, azathioprine and cyclosporin in all patients; acute rejection was treated with steroids or anti-lymphocyte monoclonal immunoglobulin therapy (OKT3) or both. Serum immunofixation was carried out in all patients before transplantation and then after at 6 months and then yearly. Monoclonal components were detected in 81 of 99 patients (82 %); 52 patients (52 %) developed them within 6 months of transplantation, 15 (15 %) between 6 and 12 months, with a peak prevalence at 1 year post-transplant (58 %) and a decrease thereafter (10 % at 9 years). Kidney recipients showed a lower incidence of monoclonal components when compared with those who received kidneys and segmental pancreases and those who received kidneys and whole pancreases. Monoclonal components were more often detected in patients who had previously experienced an acute renal rejection. Cytomegalovirus infection and acute rejection occurring in the same patient further increased the risk of developing monoclonal components, the development of which did not correlate with OKT3 treatment. A Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was developed by two patients (2 %), one with 5 and the other with 6 monoclonal components. In conclusion, diabetic patients receiving kidney and/or Pancreas transplantation, experiencing both cytomegalovirus infection and acute rejection, are at greatest risk of developing monoclonal components but they appear to be benign and transient; multiple band detection is a marker for the subsequent development of post-transplant lymphoprolifertive disorder. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1176–1179]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051048
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thirty months' experience with cyclosporin in human pancreatic transplantation (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Type 1 diabetes ; cyclosporin ; pancreatic transplantation ; renal transplantation ; immunosuppression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Between September 1978 and December 1983, 33 simultaneous kidney plus pancreatic transplantations were performed in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with uraemia at the Herriot Hospital, Lyon. In eight patients grafted before June 1981, immunosuppressive treatment consisted of azathioprine, steroids and a temporary course with anti-lymphocyte globulins (protocol A). Since June 1981, the immunosuppressive treatment has consisted of cyclosporin administered according to two protocols: from the day of transplantation with temporary anti-lymphocyte globulins with or without steroids (protocol B, seven patients), or after an initial course with protocol A, with or without steroids (protocol C, 18 patients). Only slight differences in patient and pancreatic graft survival between the three protocols were observed at 3, 6 and 12 months, while an improved survival rate for both patients and pancreatic grafts was observed in protocols B and C at 2 years. Moreover the incidence of pancreatic rejection as a cause of loss of pancreatic function seemed to be reduced under protocols B and C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275676
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolic control after kidney and pancreas transplantation: whole series results and effects of segmental duct obstruction versus whole pancreas with bladder diversion technique (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. S51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas transplantation ; Bladder diversion ; Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary From October 1976 to December 1990 181 pancreatic transplants were performed in our centre on 171 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Oral glucose tolerance test evaluated 1 year after surgery in 31 subjects showed an impaired glucose tolerance at 120 min (blood glucose 9.5±0.6 mmol/l). Similar results were obtained in seven patients 3 years after transplantation (blood glucose at 120 min 8.3±1.08 mmol/l). 24h metabolic profiles performed at the same intervals showed near normal blood glucose levels and good insulin release. Preliminary data concerning a randomized, comparative study between whole pancreas with bladder diversion and segmental pancreas transplantation, showed better metabolic control in the patients who received the whole pancreas, probably due to the greater islet mass grafted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587619
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pancreas and kidney transplantation: the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) experience (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. S11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreas transplant ; Surgical complications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Results of 33 simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantations performed at the San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy are presented. In 26 cases segmental neoprene duct-injected grafts were transplanted and in seven cases, duodenopancreatic bladder-drained grafts. Five-year patient, kidney and pancreas survival were respectively, 89%,72% and 58%. Five-year survival in patients with technically successful pancreas transplants was 73%. Thrombosis occured in 20% of cases. Mortality was 6% and overall morbidity 76%. Surgical complications were present in 51% of cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587609
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endocrine responses of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients following successful pancreas transplantation (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 24 (1983), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Type 1 diabetes ; pancreas transplantation ; pancreas ; insulin ; glucagon ; growth hormone ; kidney transplantation ; somatostatin (cyclic)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate the insulin and glucagon responses to various stimuli in patients following pancreatic transplantation. Four Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure who had received a cadaveric segmental, neoprene-injected, pancreas transplant, in association with kidney transplantation, were investigated. Free-insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and growth hormone concentrations were measured after both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, and following tolbutamide, arginine and arginine plus somatostatin infusions. Tests were performed 1 month (three cases) and 30 months (one case) after surgery, when no insulin administration was required. Four non-diabetic kidney grafted patients, matched for duration of graft survival and immunosuppressive treatment (steroids, azathioprine and anti-lymphocyte-globulins), served as control subjects. Impaired glucose tolerance was present in all diabetic and control patients. This was possibly related to immunosuppressive treatment. In comparison with control subjects, insulin release was normal in response to arginine and tolbutamide but was reduced in response to oral and intravenous glucose, while glucagon and growth hormone release were similar in both groups. Somatostatin was less effective in diabetic patients than in control subjects in suppressing insulin and glucagon release.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282707
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