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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 29 (1957), S. 479-481 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four hundred and twenty surgical specimens from patients undergoing radical abdominal hysterectomy and complete pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage Ib, IIa or IIb cervical cancer underwent meticulous histologic and morphometric study. Complete processing of the extirpated lymphatic fatty tissue led to reproducible findings including the number of removed nodes, the number and size of tumor deposits in the nodes, and the location of the latter in the pelvis. An average of 32 nodes was removed per patient regardless of clinical size, tumor size, or stage. Thirty one per cent of patients with stage Ib disease had positive nodes as did 45% of those with stage IIb disease. The number of node metastases increased proportionally with the size of the primary tumor. In stage Ib 30% of the node metastases were smaller than 2 mm in diameter as were 21% of those in stage IIb. The size of the metastases was directly proportional to the size of the primary tumor. In patients with small tumors 43% of the nodes were smaller than 2 mm, as compared with 15% of those in patients with large tumors. The 5-year survival rate of patients with negative nodes was 89.3%. Survival dropped to 69.8% and 37.9% in patients with 1 or ≥ 4 positive nodes, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of patients with node metastases smaller than 2 mm and larger than 20 mm was 70% and 39%, respectively. In patients with identical numbers of positive nodes, survival decreased with increasing tumor size. In patients with tumors of a given size, the number of node metastases was an additional prognostic factor. The number of lymph nodes removed in a given patient is an objective measure of the thoroughness of a lymphadenectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suite 500, 5th Floor, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Science Inc.
    International journal of gynecological cancer 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Whether the size of a retroperitoneal lymph node reflects its status is not clear. We measured the size of 125 positive and 160 negative pelvic lymph nodes in 32 consecutive patients with node-positive endometrial cancer. The measurements were compared with those of 143 pelvic lymph nodes of five randomly selected patients with endometrial cancer without node involvement. Overall, positive lymph nodes were larger than negative lymph nodes in both node-positive patients and node- negative controls (P 〈 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the size of positive lymph nodes and the size of the metastasis therein (P 〈 0.01). However, 68 of 125 (54%) positive lymph nodes measured less than 10 mm in maximum diameter, while 46 of 160 (29%) negative lymph nodes in node-positive patients measured more than 10 mm in maximum diameter. The metastasis was detected in more than 50% of step-serial sections in only 74% of positive lymph nodes. These data suggest that the size of a lymph node does not reliably reflect its status. Thus, these nodes may be missed if only enlarged nodes are removed. If only one section of a lymph node is performed, at least 26% of metastases will be missed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 54 (1982), S. 332-334 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 71-79 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the magnetized plasma of a hollow cathode arc the longitudinal and rotational drift velocities of ions have been measured, together with the electron and neutral densities and the temperatures of ions, electrons, and neutrals. The radial and longitudinal gradients of these quantities have been established. The ions drift against the electric field towards the anode with velocities between about 500 and 2500 m/s, driven by the plasma pressure gradient which is balanced by viscous deceleration and by friction against the surrounding neutral gas. The classical theory of the momentum balance with a turbulent contribution to the viscosity provides a good description of the longitudinal ion transport and explains direction and magnitude of the occurring drift velocity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 3075-3080 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A user-selectable, multimode, beta-ionization cell has been developed for gas chromatographic (GC) detection. The system consists of a modified dc current (nonpulsed) electron capture cell enclosed in a stainless-steel vacuum chamber. A gas mixing manifold connected to the input of the detector enables various reagent gases to be mixed with the GC effluent prior to entering the detector cell. Simply by varying the pressure of the reagent gas inside the detector from atmospheric to as low as 50 mTorr, one of four different modes of operation can be achieved. These include (1) conventional electron capture detection (atmospheric pressure), (2) cross-section ionization electron emission (〈1 Torr), (3) low-pressure argon ionization electron emission (1–10 Torr), and (4) mixed electron capture/electron emission (100–300 Torr). One advantage of this detector is the ability to switch between selective detection (electron capture) and universal detection (argon ionization) by only changing the operating pressure in the cell. Another important feature is that the degree of selectivity is continuously tunable in the mixed electron capture/electron emission mode of operation. This is due to a dramatic pressure dependent competition between argon ionization electron emission and capture of near-thermal electrons by compounds passing through the detector. This selectivity appears to be strongly related to the electron affinity of compounds, with those exhibiting the highest electron affinities capable of capturing electrons at the lowest pressures. This enables classes of compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), to be detected in the presence of hydrocarbons. Additionally, compounds such as isomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be readily distinguished using this detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Church history 63 (1994), S. 378-392 
    ISSN: 0009-6407
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: Traditional nineteenth-century views of the relationship between science and Christianity have seen the two in a mortal conflict from which science emerged victorious over an obscurantist theology which sought to dominate the thinking of the new scientific class. Andrew Dickson White's A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (1896) represented a high point in such battlefield historiography. Recent writers have found the relationship to be more complex and less militaristic as a result of examining more closely the context in which the alleged battles took place. This paper will examine the case of English evangelist John Wesley (1703–1791), long a scapegoat of the warfare model. Wesley was often tarred with antiintellectualism during his lifetime and, in the ensuing two centuries, this argument has focused on his attitudes toward natural science. The effect has been to cast a leading religious figure of eighteenth-century England in the antiscience mold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Collective scattering of CO2 laser light on electrons is used to determine the radial scale length of the discharge structures occurring in a closed cycle magnetohydrodynamic generator. Hetero- dyne detection of scattered radiation is used to obtain a spatial resolution in the submillimeter range and to increase the signal to noise ratio. A discharge model is formulated to interpret the measured signals. The scale length of the electron density fluctuations is found to be (2.5±0.5) ×10−4 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 34 (1962), S. 145-147 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To define the normal ranges of umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and acid-base status at birth and to evaluate the effect of gestational age on cord blood values in vigorous newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth from a vertex position.Design Prospective study.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Graz, Austria.Sample Cord blood samples from 1281 vigorous newborn infants.Methods Cord blood sampling was performed following on newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth in a vertex position. SaO2 was measured directly by a spectrophotometer and pH, base excess, pCO2 and pO2 by a pH/blood-gas analyser. Infants with a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 7 were considered vigorous. Subgroups were classified according to the gestational age: preterm, term and postterm (〈 37, 37–42 and 〉 42 weeks, respectively).Results The median umbilical artery SaO2 was 24.3% and the 2.5th centile was as low as 2.7%. The median umbilical artery values were pH = 7.25, base excess =−4.3 mmol/L and pO2= 16 mmHg. The 2.5th centiles were 7.08, −11.1 mmol/L and 5 mmHg, respectively. The median umbilical artery pCO2 was 50 mmHg and the 97.5th centile was 75 mmHg. The mean umbilical artery and vein SaO2 values were not significantly influenced by gestational age. The umbilical artery SaO2 and base excess values were strongly skewed. The mean umbilical artery pH values in preterm infants were higher than in other subgroups. The mean umbilical artery and vein base excess values were lower in post-term newborn infants than in other subgroups.Conclusions The physiological range of oxygen saturation in umbilical cord of vigorous newborn infants at birth is wide and skewed. In contrast to pH and base excess, umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation is not influenced significantly by gestational age at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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