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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic incoherent Thomson scattering spectrum for generalized Lorentzian distributions (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1474-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The applicability of incoherent Thomson scattering measurement is expanded to a class of non-Maxwellian plasmas which can be described by generalized Lorentzian (kappa) distributions. A fully relativistic scattering spectrum is presented in an analytic form which allows the possibility of a more robust estimation of the bulk electron temperature in the existence of high energy tail component. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871740
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A formula for reconstructing fully relativistic electron distributions from incoherent Thomson scattering data (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1171-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple formula for reconstructing fully relativistic electron momentum distribution functions from incoherent Thomson scattering data is presented. Although the formula assumes the isotropy in momentum space, it may be useful for obtaining detailed information on the electron distribution function in fusion plasmas. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast all-optical modulation of interband-light pulses by ultrashort intersubband light pulses in semiconductor quantum wells (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3352-3358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We analyze the optical modulation of an interband resonant light pulse by intersubband resonant light pulses in a three-level quantum well system. The origin of the third order self-saturation optical nonlinearity resulting in the modification of the interband light absorption is assumed to lie in the carrier density modulation induced by the interband and intersubband transitions. The optical nonlinearity can be optimized to achieve the maximum modulation by applying control light pulses shorter than the intersubband energy relaxation time but longer than the intersubband phase relaxation time. We have also experimentally investigated the material system suitable for optical communication regime and have observed that the In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs0.56Sb0.44 quantum well lattice matched to InP yielding an intersubband transition as short as 1.4 μm is the most suitable system for the proposed modulation scheme. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369683
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approach to a window coating problem by in situ transmission monitoring and laser blow-off cleaning developed in the JT-60U Thomson scattering system (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 256-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For solving a window coating problem, an in situ window transmission monitoring by inferring it precisely from a known attenuation of the deposited film has been developed in the JT-60U Thomson scattering system. Also the practicability of an in situ window cleaning based on a laser blow-off technique has been investigated extensively. The coated film composition could be guessed to be a resin such as polyacrylonitrile with a small amount of metals. The existence of chromatic upper limit has been found in the recovered transmission after the blow-off cleaning, which gives systematic errors only of less than 3% to an apparent measurement of both electron density and temperature at 10 keV or less. The attenuation itself is unchanged before and after the laser blow-off cleaning. A complementary use of both methods will provide the Thomson scattering measurement of high Te plasmas with durable reliability and sufficient precision in the existing tokamaks and the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147820
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How many wavelength channels do we need in Thomson scattering diagnostics? (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3780-3781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The necessary number of wavelength channels is investigated in incoherent Thomson scattering diagnostics. The measurement errors (σ) are evaluated for a realistic case and their lower limits (σ˜) are given in explicit forms. For a given number of wavelength channels, optimal channel allocation in the wavelength space is sought by minimizing the average relative errors. As a scale of the goodness of measurement, we introduce the ratio 〈σ˜/σ〉 averaged over the electron temperature of interest. This quantity ranges from 0 to 1 and tends to 1 as the lowest achievable error is approached. If we conclude that 〈σ˜/σ〉≥0.9 is sufficient, then for a typical ruby laser system measuring 400–700 nm, seven channels is an adequate number for covering the electron temperature of 0.01–10 keV and five channels for 0.1–10 keV. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149994
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative method for precise, quick, and reliable alignment of collection object fields in the JT-60U Thomson scattering diagnostic (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1152-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design concept and operation performance of a novel alignment system for accurate electron density profile measurement is presented, which has been developed on the basis of the original method for adjusting quantitatively and actively an object field of collection fiber optics to a laser-beam axis. The quantitative expression needed for an appropriate alignment was able to be formulated using the beam width measured in situ by this alignment system and the four laser scattering intensity signals from special alignment fiber bundles. The effectiveness of this alignment system for precise and reliable measurement of electron density has been successfully demonstrated in the JT-60U Thomson scattering diagnostic through direct monitoring and quick restoration of alignment. The important and distinctive feature of this alignment system is to attain compatibility between a stable and accurate maintenance of alignment and an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of Thomson scattering to plasma light accompanying the reduced fiber bundle width. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147877
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with mixed cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis C virus infection (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 136 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mixed cryoglobulinaemia is frequently associated with chronic hepatitis. We report a patient with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and palpable purpura. The skin manifestations were diagnosed as leucocytoclastic vasculitis in view of both the clinical appearance and the histological findings. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of IgG–class anti–HCV–antibody. HCV–RNA and IgA–class rheumatoid factor in the cryoprecipitate. These results suggest that the cryoglobulinaemia in this case was caused by aggregation of an immune complex comprised of HCV and anti–HCV antibody with IgA–type–rheumatoid factor, and that this led to a cutaneous vasculitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1186.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion between Te-based alloy films and fluorocarbon sublayers during the ablative hole opening process (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 865-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Adhesion between thin Te-based alloy films and fluorocarbon polymer sublayers, prepared by sputtering or plasma polymerization, was investigated by observing the 1 μm-sized ablative hole opening process with a focused laser beam. Interpretations of the mechanisms for the change in energy required for the hole opening and pit geometry were based on the framework of studies of the ablative hole opening process for optical recording. Observations suggest that the molten material flow during the hole opening includes a ductile fracture and a viscous flow of the molten sublayer material as well as of active layer material. Adhesion acts as an energy barrier against the above mentioned flow of molten material during the hole opening process. Since the fluorocarbon films used in the present work had highly cross-linked structures, the adhesion was mainly dominated by the dynamic force of adhesion. Therefore, the hole opening process was mainly affected by the dynamic force of adhesion rather than the static force, which is dominated by the surface energy of the sublayer. There was a good correlation between the dynamic force of adhesion estimated by the peel-off strength and the concentrations of the -CF- and -C-CF- structures estimated from C1s spectra obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal behavior of deep levels correlated with iron in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2199-2201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal behavior of deep levels correlated with iron in Si MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) structure has been studied by isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy. As a result, it is shown that interstitial iron scarcely affects the interface trap (Nt) of MOS structure. This is made clear by measuring Nt of Si MOS diodes containing iron impurity, the interstitial component of which is controlled by low temperature annealings. In addition, the low temperature (400 °C) annealing decreases interstitial iron concentration as well as interface trap density. This phenomenon is very lucky for Si MOS devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359543
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser oscillation mechanisms of KrF-laser-pumped iron vapor plasma (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4948-4953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to study laser oscillation mechanisms of a KrF-laser-pumped iron vapor plasma, the population densities of iron atoms, the temperature, and the electron density in iron vapor plasma have been measured. The iron vapor plasma was produced from an iron plate by irradiation with a pulsed YAG laser (2 J/pulse). The population density of the ground-state iron atoms is about 1014–1015 cm−3, the temperature is about 5000–20 000 K, and the electron density is about 1013–1016 cm−3. When a KrF laser of 34 mJ/pulse irradiates the iron vapor plasma, the absorption cross section of the KrF laser by the iron atom is about 10−16–10−15 cm2. An optical gain has been calculated on the basis of the experimental results, and it is compared with the gain measured experimentally. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359301
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