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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 3180-3182 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The growth of the shock front in an atmospheric air spark is studied using interferometry. A pair of 1 ns nitrogen laser is used for triggering the spark and probing it. An adjustable light path length controls the relative timing. It was found that the shocked shell region of the plasma column is visible about 14 ns after spark initiation. The unionized gas density inside the shocked shell grew with time and at 33 ns reached a value of 6×1022 cm−3. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 9(10H)-Acridinone alkinylation ; Phase-transfer-catalysis ; Sigmatropic rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 1-Isopropyl-pyrrolo[3,2,1-d,e]acridine-6-one and 10-(3′,3′-dimethylallenyl)-9(10H)-acridinone were obtained by the reaction of 9(10H)-acridinone with 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne under ptc-conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 97-98 (Apr. 2004), p. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Porous surface layers were studied in a series of p-type Si samples etched anodically in electrolytes based on hydrofluoric acid. The optical response of the structure consisting of substrate and surface layers was investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the range 1-5 eV. The experimental results were compared with calculations, which model the optical response of a multilayer structure. The model parameters were compared to the structural data obtained by AFM and SEM studies. The experimental investigations and model calculations revealed the regularities in the dependence of the optical response on the doping degree of substrate and parameters of technological procedure
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 54 (1992), S. 204-207 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.60 ; 78.70 ; 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical spectral response between 340–860 nm and electrical conductivity measurements were made on thermally evaporated gold films in the thickness range 50–130 Å in order to identify optimal properties for their use as the top layer of MIS solar cells. Films of lower evaporation rate and thickness range 70–100 Å were found to have high transmittance and low reflectance, which is desirable for the above purpose. Films thinner than 70 Å had poor electrical conductivity and thicker than 100 Å had poor solar transmittance, hence were rejected. Improved transmittance and conductivity were obtained upon annealing the film at 250°C for about two hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 26 (1997), S. 393-404 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Key words Threshold detection ; Statistical filtering ; Model ranking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different statistical or low-pass filters may be used for the idealization of ion channel data. We address the problem of predicting optimal filter parameters, represented by a threshold test-value for statistical filters and by a cut-off frequency for low-pass filters. Optimal idealization is understood in the sense of maximal similarity between recovered and real signals. Special procedures are suggested to quantitatively characterize the difference between the recovered and the real signals, the latter being known for simulated data. These procedures, called objective criteria, play the role of referees in estimating the performance of different predictive optimality criteria. We have tested standard Akaike's AIC and its modification by Rissanen, MDL. Both gave unsatisfactory results. We have shown analytically, that the Akaike-type criterion, based on the use of a certain penalty for the log likelihood function per transition, indicates the correct optimum point only if the penalty is set equal to half the optimal threshold. As the latter varies significantly for different data sets, this criterion is not particularly helpful. A new universal predictive optimality criterion, valid for real data and any idealization method, is suggested. It is formally similar to AIC, but instead of log likelihood it uses the doubled number of false transitions. The predictive power of the new criterion is demonstrated with different types of data for Hinkley and 50% amplitude methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 1272-1275 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Coloanal anastomosis ; Survival ; Recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Jeopardizing cure and risking high local recurrence have served as arguments against sphincter-saving resection for patients with distal third rectal cancer. This prospective study examines and compares the local recurrence and survival rates in patients with distal third rectal cancer treated by either coloanal anastomosis or abdominoperineal resection. METHODS: Between 1977 and 1993, 174 patients underwent coloanal anastomoses and 38 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection. All tumors were located 4 to 7 cm from the anal verge. One hundred ninety-three patients (91 percent) underwent rectal excision with a curative intent. Mean follow-up was 66 months after sphincter-saving resection and 65 months after abdominoperineal resection. RESULTS: Mean anastomotic height from the anal verge was 2.3 cm after sphincter-saving resection. Overall local recurrence rate was 7.9 percent after sphincter-saving resection and 12.9 percent after abdominoperineal resection. The five-year actuarial survival rate was 78 percent after sphincter-saving resection and 74 percent after abdominoperineal resection. CONCLUSION: Local recurrence and survival are not compromised in patients with distal third rectal cancer when treated by sphincter-saving resection, provided that oncologic principles are not violated. Coloanal anastomosis can be performed with an acceptable morbidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 626-630 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Continent perineal colostomy ; Abdominoperineal resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: For patients with distal rectal or anal tumors, quality of life can be compromised after abdominoperineal resection and iliac colostomy. This study examines our experience with a continent perineal colostomy constructed from a colonic smooth-muscle cuff wrap. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1996, 63 patients with distal rectal or anal tumors (0–5 cm from the anal verge) underwent abdominoperineal resection and construction of a colonic smooth-muscle cuff at the site of the perineal colostomy. Postoperatively, all patients required colonic irrigations daily or every two days. The complications, continence at 6 and 12 months, and degree of satisfaction were prospectively evaluated using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS: Early complications included partial perineal dehiscence in 14 (22.5 percent) patients, pelvic abscess in 2 (3 percent) patients, and colostomy necrosis in 1 (1.6 percent) patient. Late complications were colostomy stricture in 7 (11.8 percent) patients, perineal sinus tract in 4 (6.7 percent) patients, and mucosal prolapse in 12 (20 percent) patients. Satisfactory continence (complete continence to stool and incontinence to gas) at 6 and 12 months was achieved in 30 (55.6 percent) and 27 (59 percent) patients, respectively. Patient satisfaction was noted in 85 percent. CONCLUSION: Continent perineal colostomy can serve as an alternative to conventional iliac colostomy. Most patients were satisfied. The modest complication rate can be minimized with patient selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 5H-Dibenzo[b,f]azepine ; Alkynylation ; Phase-transfer catalysis ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of 11-isopropyliden-1a,10b-dihydro-1H-1,6-methano-dibenzo[b,f]cyclopropa[d]azepine by phase-transfer catalysed reaction of 5H-dibenzo[b, f]azepine with 2-chloro-2-methyl-3-butyne is described. The structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 9(10H)-Acridinone ; Alkylation ; Phase-transfercatalysis ; Prototropic rearrangement ; X-Ray
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction of 9(10H)-acridinone (2) with 3-chloro-3-phenyl-1-propyne under PTC conditions affords 1-methyl-2-phenyl-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]acridin-6-one (1 b), 10-(2-chloro-1-methyl-2-phenyl-ethenyl)-9(10H)-acridinone (4), 10-(3-phenyl-1-propynyl)-9(10H)-acridinone (7), and 10-(4-methylene-2,3-diphenyl-2-cyclobuteneylidenemethyl)-9(10H)-acridinone (5). The structure of the last compound which crystallizes in the triclinic system with the space group $$P\bar 1$$ , was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Under the same conditions 10-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-9(10H)-acridinone (3) and 10-(3-phenyl-1-propynyl)-9(10H)-acridinone (6) were obtained from 9(10H)-acridinone (2) and 3-bromo-1-phenyl-1-propyne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-alkaloids ; 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-ones ; Alkylation ; Phase-transfer-catalysis ; Sigmatropic rearrangement ; “Späth type” chromene synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pyrano-cyclisation of 4-hydroxy-(1-methyl)-1H-quinoline-2-one with 3-chlor-3-methylbut-1-yne, supposed to proceed via an ether or vinyl intermediate, is studied by alkylating different 4-hydroxyquinolines. The nine derivatives characterized favour the ether-pathway (“Späth type” chromene synthesis).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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