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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of Interleukin-1 (Alpha and Beta), Interleukin-2 Secretion and Surface Expression of Interleukin-2 Receptor (IL-2R) by a Novel Cytokine Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-lra) (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: IL-1 is a mediator of the acute inflammatory response and plays a key role in influencing growth and differentiation of immunocompetent lymphocytes. It can enhance transcription and secretion of the T-cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2) and can stimulate the expression of membrane receptors for IL-2. However, the regulation and control of IL-1 activities are poorly understood. Recently an IL-1 inhibitor, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), has been described and cloned. This protein is a monokine originally found in the urine of febrile patients and in supernatants of human monocytes adhering to an IgG-coated surface, with an approximate molecular weight of 17 kDa, which is similar to IL-1β but having no IL-1-like activity and antagonizing IL-1 by binding to its cell surface receptor.These studies have examined some biological properties of hrIL-1ra, such as its effects on the secretion of IL-1α or IL-1β and IL-2, the surface expression of 1L-2R and DNA synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC from normal volunteers were separated and used at a concentration of 2.5 x 106 cells/ml. The cells were pretreated for 2h with hrIL-1ra (0.025-250 ng/ml), treated with LPS (10 ng/ml), and IL-1α and IL-1β secretion were determined by an ELISA method. In addition the influence of hrIL-1ra (25 ng/ml) on IL-2 generation was determined. In another set of experiments, flow cytometric analysis with an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody was determined on PHA-stimulaled PBMC pretreated wilh hrIL-1ra (2 h) and cultured for 48 h. The inhibition by hrIL-1ra of IL-2R expression was dose-dependent and when hrIL-1ra was used at 250 ng/ml the IL-2R was completely abolished. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis calculated from the net uptake of [3H]-thymidine (3H-TdR) was also inhibited by hrIL-1ra (0.025-25 ng/ml). In this report we found that hrIL-1ra inhibits, in a dose-dependent manner, the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, the surface expression of IL-2R and 3H-TdR incorporation in PBMC in vitro. These data suggest a new biological activity of hrIL-1ra and further extend the immunomodulatory potential and significance of this new cytokine. The action of IL-1ra on modulating the synthesis of IL-1 may be of paramount importance in the regulation of these effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02937.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long echo time STIR sequence MRI of optic nerves in optic neuritis (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1995), S. 66-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Visual evoked potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract MRI of the optic nerves was obtained in 13 patients with acute optic neuritis and 13 with a previous optic neuritis (ON), assessed by clinical features, visual fields and visual evoked potentials. Results of the conventional short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence obtained with a short echo time (STE-STIR; 22 ms) were compared with those of a long echo time (LTE-STIR: 80 ms) sequence. The conventional STE-STIR sequence revealed lesions in the optic nerves in 78.5 % of acute and 58.8 % of previous ON. The LTE-STIR sequence showed abnormalities in 92.8 % of acutely symptomatic nerves and 94.1 % of nerves with previous ON. The optic nerve lesions appeared significantly longer with the LTE-STIR sequence than with the conventional STE-STIR sequences, in both acute and previous ON.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593226
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long echo time STIR sequence MRI of optic nerves in optic neuritis (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 66-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetic resonance imaging ; Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Visual evoked potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract MRI of the optic nerves was obtained in 13 patients with acute optic neuritis and 13 with a previous optic neuritis (ON), assessed by clinical features, visual fields and visual evoked potentials. Results of the conventional short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence obtained with a short echo time (STE-STIR; 22 ms) were compared with those of a long echo time (LTE-STIR: 80 ms) sequence. The conventional STE-STIR sequence revealed lesions in the optic nerves in 78.5% of acute and 58.8% of previous ON. The LTE-STIR sequence showed abnormalities in 92.8% of acutely symptomatic nerves and 94.1% of nerves with previous ON. The optic nerve lesions appeared significantly longer with the LTE-STIR sequence than with the conventional STE-STIR sequences, in both acute and previous ON.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593226
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Randomized placebo-controlled trial of mitoxantrone in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 24-month clinical and MRI outcome (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Mitoxantrone ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We designed a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial involving 51 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients to determine the clinical efficacy of mitoxantrone treatment over 2 years. Patients were allocated either to the mitoxantrone group (27 patients receiving IV infusion of mitoxantrone every month for 1 year at the dosage of 8 mg/m2) or to the placebo group (24 patients, receiving IV infusion of saline every month for 1 year) using a centralized randomization system. Disability at entry and at 12–24 months was evaluated by four blinded neurologists trained in the application of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Scale (EDSS). In addition, the number and clinical characteristics of the exacerbations over the 24 months were recorded by the local investigators. MRI, at 0,12 and 24 months, was performed with a 0.2 T permanent unit. MRI data were analysed by two blinded neuroradiologists. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation. A statistically significant difference in the mean number of exacerbations was observed between the mitoxantrone group and placebo group both during the 1st and the 2nd year. Although there was no statistically significant benefit in terms of mean EDSS progression over 2 years, the proportion of patients with confirmed progression of the disease, as measured by a one point increase on the EDSS scale, was significantly reduced at the 2nd year evaluation in the mitoxantrone group. Forty-two (23 mitoxantrone, 19 placebo) patients underwent all MRI examinations during the 24-month period. We observed a trend towards a reduction in the number of new lesions on T2-weighted images in the mitoxantrone group. Our study suggests that mitoxantrone might be effective in reducing disease activity, both by decreasing the mean number of exacerbations and by slowing the clinical progression sustained by most patients after 1 year from the end of treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050066
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parkinsonism, basal ganglia calcification and epilepsy as late complications of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 109-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Postoperative hypoparathyroidism ; Basal ganglia calcification ; Parkinsonism ; Epilepsy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A patient with post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, basal ganglia calcification, parkinsonism and seizures is reported. The parkinsonism was resistant to levodopa therapy but was not significantly improved by the correction of hypoparathyroidism. Previously reported cases are discussed, as well as the relationship between hypoparathyroidism, calcification of basal ganglia, parkinsonism and epilepsy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313910
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Associated central and peripheral demyelination: an electrophysiological study (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Retrobulbar optic neuritis ; Guillain-Barré syndrome ; Visual evoked potentials ; Somatosensory evoked potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case is reported in which retrobulbar neuritis preceded Guillain-Barré syndrome by 4 weeks. The visual evoked potential latencies were prolonged. After peripheral nervous system signs had cleared, median and peroneal somatosensory evoked potentials showed prolonged cervical N13, scalp N20 and L3-scalp conduction times.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314355
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Memory and naive CD4+ lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 239 (1992), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Multiple sclerosis ; Flow cytometry ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Naive cell ; Memory cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Helper-inducer (CD29+CD4+) and suppressor (CD45RACD4+) T-cells have been recently renamed as memory and naive T-cells, respectively. We measured cells expressing these phenotypes in peripheral blood of 46 definite multiple sclerosis (MS) patients [32 relapsing-remitting (RR-MS), 14 secondary progressive (P-MS)] and controls. CD25+ (interleukin-2-receptor-positive) cells were also evaluated in the same groups of patients. RR-MS patients showed increased levels of CD29+CD4+ and CD25+ cells compared with controls. This finding was more evident in RR-MS patients during the attack than during the stable phase of the disease. In P-MS patients we found a reduction of CD45+CD4+ cells compared with either RR-MS patients or control subjects. Our results show that RR-MS and P-MS are characterized by two different T-cell subpopulations. This finding supports the hypothesis that during the evolution from RR-MS and P-MS changes occur in the immunological status of the patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856808
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Are VEP abnormalities in optic neuritis (ON) dependent on plaque size? A reappraisal of the physiopathology of ON based on improved MRI and multiple-lead recordings (1996)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 17 (1996), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Visual evoked potentials ; VEP ; Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sommario I 20 pazienti affetti da Neurite Ottica (NO), descritti nel precedente lavoro [23] sono stati sottoposti a registrazioni seriali multicanali dei Potenziali Evocati Visivi (PEV), per un periodo di 2 anni dall'esordio della NO. I PEV potevano correlare con le lesioni evidenziate con la Risonanza Magnetica, con le alterazioni campimetriche e con altri reperti clinici. Basandoci sulla loro distribuzione in mappa, i PEV sono stati classificati come realmente “ritardati” e “pseudo-ritardati”. PEV realmente “ritardati” potevano essere registrati all'esordio, o precocemente dopo l'episodio di NO, e la presenza del “ritardo” stava ad indicare un recupero della funzione visiva e, quindi, una prognosi fausta. Gli “pseudo-ritardi” indicavano un'alterazione del campo visivo a prognosi non favorevole per un recupero della funzione visiva, a meno che entro i primi 3 mesi dalla NO si fosse verificata una ricomparsa di componenti normali o “ritardate”. Gli “pseudo-ritardi” erano rilievi caratteristici nei pazienti con lesioni maggiormente lunghe alle immagini LTE-STIR MRI [23]. Nessuna correlazione è stata trovata tra latenza dei PEV e lunghezza delle placche. I nostri rilievi sono in disaccordo con precedenti teorie relative ai tempi di instaurazione-recupero delle alterazioni di conduzione nella NO e nella Sclerosi Multipla.
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty patients with optic neuritis (ON) described in the previous study [23] underwent serial VEP recordings (using multiple electrode arrays) for two years. The VEPs could be correlated with the lesions revealed by MRI, Visual Field tests and other clinical findings. On the basis of their scalp distribution, they were classified as “really delayed” VEPs and “pseudo-delayed” VEPs. Real delays could be recorded at the onset of ON or shortly afterwards, and their appearance indicated the recovery of visual function and a good prognosis. Pseudo-delays indicated an alteration in the visual field and, unless a breakthrough of normal or delayed components appeared in the first three months, following acute ON, indicate a poor prognosis for the recovery of visual function. The pseudo-delayed VEPs were mainly observed in patients with longer lesions revealed by means of LTE-STIR MRI [23]; there was no correlation between VEP latency and the length of plaques. Our findings contradict previous theories on the timing of conduction alterations in ON and multiple sclerosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995708
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Visual evoked cortical potentials (V.E.C.P.) by television presentation of different patterned stimuli to patients with multiple sclerosis (1979)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 1 (1979), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Visually evoked potentials ; Transient response ; Steady state response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sommario I potenziali evocati visivi costituiscono un test di notevole interesse nella diagnosi precoce della sclerosi multipla. Sulla base di precedenti lavori, 69 soggetti (52 sani e 17 affetti da S.M.) sono stati studiati con questa tecnica. La risposta transiente da stimolazione con scacchi in pattern reversal ha rilevato un incremento della latenza di CII (significativamente differente dai controlli) nella S.M. con elementi di 15 e di 30 min di arco e con contrasti di 20 e 50%. Le risposte steady-state sono risultate assenti o con alterazione di fase in molti pazienti ove la risposta transiente era nei limiti. Tali risposte alterate sono state registrate in un'alta percentuale di pazienti con S.M., anche quando i segni oculari non erano presenti all'osservazione clinica. Le risposte transienti e steady-state possono pertanto fornire utili indicazioni sulla funzionalità delle vie visive correlate con gli elementi percettivi di forma e di movimento. I primi risultano più sensibili alle alte frequenze spaziali ma con una conducibilità più lenta rispetto ai secondi.
    Notizen: Abstract Visual pattern reversal evoked potentials constitute a test that can reveal early pathological changes in multiple sclerosis Sixty nine subjects (52 controls, and 17 patients) were studied with this technique. The transient potentials evoked by checkerboard pattern reversal reveal an increase in the CII peak latency (significantly different from the controls) in M.S., with single elements of 15 and 30 min of arc and 20%–50% of contrast depth. The steady state potentials are absent or show phase lags in some patients with transient responses within the normal limits. The delayed evoked responses are detectable in a high percentage of patients with M.S., even when ocular symptoms are not seen in the clinical observation. Transient and steady-state E.Ps can furnish early tools for evaluation of funcionality of visual pathways related to retinal form- and movement-analyzers, the former being sensitive to high spatial frequencies but conducting more slowly than the latter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336851
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pig: variability of response to intradermal emulsion injection (1989)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 10 (1989), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Schlagwort(e): Fresh isologous spinal cord ; perivenous cuffs ; demyelination ; fibrillary gliosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sommario Differenti forme di encefalomielite allergica sperimentale sono state realizzate in quattro gruppi di cavie con iniezione di emulsioni: il primo gruppo era di 7 cavie di tipo Hartley, il secondo era formato da 12 adulti dello stesso ceppo, il terzo da 6 soggetti di ceppo giovanile 2 e il quarto da 6 animali del ceppo giovanile 13. I gruppi 1 e 2 ricevettero emulsioni contenenti rispettivamente 250 e 500 mg. di tessuto midollare isolago fresco con composto di Freund e soluzione salina mentre i grouppi 3 e 4 ricevettero un'emulsione con 120 mg. di midollo e gli altri componenti e in più 15 mg. di mycobacterium tubercolosis. Nel gruppo 1 e 2 si sviluppò una forma morbosa con ritardato avvio e un decorso prolungato e progressivo, benché 8 animali non abbiano presentato sintomi di malattia: si riscontrava nelle cavie malate la presenza di placche vaste di demielinizzazione con fibrosi perivenosa ed area estesa di infiltrazione. In 2 animali asintomatici si è constatata un'area di demielinizzazione nella sostanza bianca del midollo. La stessa forma a lento avvio e a decorso prolungato e progressivo si è verificata in 4 animali del ceppo 2. Risultò cosi che l'aumento degli antigeni ha prodotto importanti lesioni negli animali tipo Hartley anche se non tutti gli animali presentarono sintomi di malattia e lo stesso tipo di malattia è stato indotto anche in ceppi di cavie di tipo non Hartley. Queste reattività differenziate possono essere il risultato di una parziale o completa inattivazione della risposta mediata delle cellule agli antigeni inoculati.
    Notizen: Abstract Different forms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis were obtained in 4 groups of guinea pigs: 7 adult Hartley guinea pigs (Group I), 12 adults of the same strain (Group II), 6 juvenile strain 2 guinea pigs (Group III) and 6 juvenile strain 13 animals (Group IV), by the injection of emulsions. Groups I and II received emulsions containing 250 mg and 500 mg respectively of fresh isologous spinal cord tissue, complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) and saline solution while Groups III and IV received an emulsion containing 120 mg of isologous spinal cord, CFA, saline solution and 15 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The increased antigen load induced a disease with delayed onset and prolonged progressive course (C-P-EAE) in Groups I and II, although 8 animals showed no symptoms of illness. The findings in C-P-EAE were large demyelinated plaques, perivenous fibrosis and large areas of infiltration. Demyelinated areas occurred within the spinal cord white matter only in two asymptomatic animals. C-P-EAE was obtained in 4 of the Strain 2 animals. In conclusion, the increased antigen load induced a range of lesions in Hartley guinea pigs, although not all animals were affected. C-P-EAE was induced also in strains of guinea pig other than the Heartley strain. These different reactions may have been the outcome of partial or complete inactivation of the cell-mediated response to the inoculated antigens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333870
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