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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion channeling study of the lattice disorder in neutron irradiated GaP (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2352-2354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The lattice disorder in GaP produced by fast neutrons with a fluence of 2.1×1018 cm−2 has been investigated with 1.5 MeV 4He+ channeling. The slight increase in the 〈111〉 aligned yield for irradiated crystals indicates that each primary knock-on (PKO) produces approximately 7×102 displaced atoms. Channeling studies also show a spread distribution of randomly located defects imbedded in the lattice structure. On the other hand, P antisite (PGa) defects produced by neutron irradiation are ∼2 per PKO. Irradiated samples also show a volume expansion of 0.13%. It is suggested that the lattice expansion mainly induced by vacancy–interstitial clusters arises from the displacement atoms rather than PGa defects. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371054
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the substitutional fraction and electrical activation of carbon in heavily C-ion implanted GaAs (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6926-6928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), using the 12C(d,p)13C reaction, in conjunction with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in the channeling geometry was used to evaluate the substitutional fraction of C in (100)-oriented semi-insulating GaAs implanted with 12C ions to a dose of 5×1016 cm−2. The substitutional fraction of the implanted 12C evaluated by NRA was 19% in the samples annealed at 600 °C, whereas the electrical activation rate of the same sample was 2.1%, as measured by the van der Pauw method. It is suggested that a possible origin of this discrepancy is the compensating centers such as As vacancy (VAs) and/or VAs-CAs complex introduced in the annealing processes. This was supported by both the surface precipitation of As observed by Raman scattering and the enhancement of the surface peak in RBS-channeling yield which was measured by using a 1.5 MeV 4He+-ion beam. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370293
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Glutamate in the Neurotoxic Effects of Methamphetamine (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17452.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutive expression of the neutral PR-5 (OLP, PR-5d) gene in roots and cultured cells of tobacco is mediated by ethylene-responsive cis-element AGCCGCC sequences (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Callus ; ERF (EREBP) ; Osmotin-like protein ; Root ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The constitutive accumulation of tobacco neutral PR-5 (osmotin-like protein; OLP, PR-5d) in roots and cultured cells was studied in transgenic tobacco plants harboring the OLP promoter::GUS gene. This construct showed strong β-glucuronidase expression in vascular tissues and cortex of roots as well as in cultured cells. Analysis using a mutated promoter showed that ethylene-responsive elements (AGCCGCC) were necessary for constitutive expression in roots and cultured cells. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that ERF3 (EREBP3), an ethylene-responsive-element-binding factor that was reported to be expressed in roots and in cultured cells as well as in ethephon-treated leaves, could bind to the AGCCGCC sequences of the OLP gene. These findings suggest that AGCCGCC sequences and ERFs mediate the constitutive expression of the OLP gene in roots and cultured cells of tobacco.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050552
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysphagia caused by an anterior cervical osteophyte: case report (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 58-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cervical spondylosis ; Dysphagia ; Ankylosing hyperostosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cervical spondylosis and ankylosing hyperostosis of the cervical vertebrae are commonly asymptomatic. Dysphagia caused by cervical osteophyte formation is rare. We report a case of spondylotic dysphagia with striking radiographic findings. A massive anterior cervical hyperostosis was resected via the anterior cervical approach with excellent relief of dysphagia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588521
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing the Gel to Liquid Crystal Transition in Lipid-Bilayer Model Systems (1999)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 4 (1999), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory exercise that introduces differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is presented. In order to connect this basic physical chemistry technique with an application in the biological sciences, students investigated the thermodynamic properties of lipid-bilayer model compounds. DSC was used to characterize the gel-to-liquid-crystal transition for three phosphatidylcholines of varying acyl chain length. The laboratory exercise is suitable only for students with some background in physical chemistry and biochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897990273a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoscopic ultrasonography for demonstrating loss of multiple-layer pattern of the thickened gallbladder wall in the preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1323-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Gallbladder wall ; Gallbladder cancer ; EUS ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), conventional US, CT, and MRI in differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening. We scrutinized images for the presence of the multiple-layer patterns of the thickened gallbladder walls during preoperative images (EUS, n = 22; US, n = 23; CT, n = 20; MRI, n = 15) and retrospectively correlated them with surgical results in 25 patients. The pathological diagnoses included 7 gallbladder cancers, 9 cases of chronic cholecystitis, 5 cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and 4 cases of adenomyomatosis. Multiple-layer patterns of gallbladder wall were observed in patients with inflammatory and benign diseases by US, EUS, CT, and MRI. This pattern was demonstrated by EUS more efficiently compared with other means of imaging. All subjects with loss of multiple layers were finally diagnosed by use of EUS as having gallbladder cancer at surgery. Loss of multiple-layer patterns of the gallbladder wall demonstrated by EUS was the most specific finding in diagnosing gallbladder cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050296
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce conditioned fear stress-induced freezing behavior in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 123 (1996), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Conditioned fear stress ; Freezing behavior ; Serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; Citalopram ; Fluvoxamine ; Milnacipran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conditioned fear stress (CFS)-induced freezing behavior has been proposed as an animal model of anxiety. In the present study, freezing was used to determine the anxiolytic activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are reported to be clinically effective in anxiety disorders. The duration of freezing behavior was reduced by acute treatment with the SSRIs citalopram (1–10 mg/kg) and fluvoxamine (3–30 mg/kg). Acute treatment with the serotonin (5-HT)/noradrenaline (NA) mixed reuptake inhibitor milnacipran (3–30 mg/kg) also attenuated CFS-induced freezing, while acute treatment with the NA reuptake inhibitors maprotiline and ORG4428, and the dopamine (DA) reuptake inhibitor GBR12909 failed to alter CFS-induced freezing. These results indicate that facilitation of 5-HT availability in the brain produced by 5-HT reuptake inhibition reduces CFS-induced freezing behavior. CFS may be a useful model for detecting the anxiolytic potential of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scopolamine prevents augmentation of stereotypy induced by chronic methamphetamine treatment (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 121 (1995), S. 158-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methamphetamine ; Behavioral sensitization ; Scopolamine ; Acetylcholine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholinergic neurotransmission has been implicated in various forms of neural plasticity such as kindling and learning. We have previously shown that blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors prevents the development of locomotor sensitization to methamphetamine. The present study was conducted to examine whether scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, would also block augmentation of stereotypy induced by chronic methamphetamine (MA) treatment. Rats treated with MA (2.5 mg/kg, SC) for 10 days indicated significantly enhanced stereotyped behavior when tested with MA (2.5 mg/kg) after a 7-to 8- day withdrawal. Pretreatment with scopolamine (3 mg/kg) prior to MA administration prevented the augmentation of stereotypy. Rats treated with scopolamine alone showed no difference in MA-induced stereotypy compared to those treated with saline. Scopolamine methylbromide, a derivative of scopolamine that does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier, had no effect on the augmentation of stereotypy. These results suggest that stimulation of central muscarinic cholinergic receptors plays a role in the development of sensitization to the stereotypy stimulating effect of methamphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245625
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibition on methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity in the rat brain (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 103 (1996), S. 671-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Nitric oxide (NO·) ; methamphetamine ; neurotoxicity ; dopamine ; serotonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined effects of nitric oxide (NO·) synthesis inhibition on methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity. The toxic dose of MA (5 mg/kg, sc, X4) significantly decreased contents of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum (ST), and significantly decreased contents of serotonin (5-HT) in the ST, nucleus accumbens (NA) and medial frontal contex (MFC). Coadministration with a NO· synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME) (30 mg/kg, ip, X2), reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in the ST, but not reduced the MA-induced decreases in contents of 5-HT in the ST, NA and MFC. These findings suggest that the MA-induced dopaminergic, but not serotonergic neurotoxicity, may be related to the neural process such as NO· formation caused by the activation of postsynaptic DA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271227
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