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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4752-4757 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation process of point defect clusters in high-purity (99.999%) iron as a typical bcc metal under the irradiation with low-energy (5 keV)He+ is studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using conventional TEM techniques, clusters induced by the irradiation are determined to be interstitial-type dislocation loops (I loops) at temperatures ranging from 85 to 770 K and cavities from 300 to 770 K. Most of the I loops are determined to lie on {100} planes, and their Burgers vector are determined to be a[100]. The temporal variation in the volume density of I loops is measured by stereomicroscopy at several temperatures. The volume density of I loops is about two orders of magnitude higher in comparison with the case of high-energy electron irradiation at the same dpa rate; hence, it is deduced that helium atoms have an effect enhancing the nucleation of I loops. The depth distribution of the loop densities becomes broad above around 235 K at which vacancies become thermally mobile, and the dependence of loop formation on He+ beam flux is weak. From these results, it is suggested that helium-vacancy complexes act as trapping sites of self-interstitial atoms and I-loop nucleation is enhanced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1619-1624 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sodium atoms (108–1011 cm−3) effused from an oven were stepwise excited from their ground state to a Rydberg state ns or nd (20≤n≤26) by two pulsed dye lasers (∼5–10 ns, ∼100 μJ, ∼1.6-mm-diam spot). The laser energy density necessary to saturate the excitation processes from the ground state to the Rydberg state is ∼ several mJ/cm2. About 50 ns after the laser irradiation, a pulsed electric field (0.5–5.5 kV/cm) was applied to the Rydberg atoms to ionize them and accelerate the resulting ions. Thus, a pulsed sodium ion beam of purity 〉99.99% was obtained with a maximum total electric charge of ∼5 pC and a pulse width of ∼120 ns full width at half maximum. The total electric charge of the ion beam is estimated including the effect of space-charge field of the beam ions, and is in good agreement with the experimental values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6539-6541 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated feasibility of GaAs interlayers for the metal/GaN interface with synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. We have found that the use of piranha/HCl solutions is effective as a surface cleaning technique for GaN. We have confirmed that (111) GaAs grows epitaxially on a (0001) GaN substrate. Pd/GaAs/GaN sandwich structures have been successfully fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy. We have confirmed the GaAs interlayer modifies the band diagram at the metal/GaN interface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4392-4396 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Visible-UV spectral emissions from electron beam (700 kV, 12 kA, 50 ns) generated neon plasmas have been investigated over a wide pressure range (0.1–100 Torr) with and without axial magnetic guide field. The Ne I–III line emissions were viewed perpendicular to the beam propagation; attention was focused on a time delay of the onset of the emission with respect to the beam front arrival in the field of view, and on correlations of the subsequent intensity evolution with that of the beam and net (beam plus plasma) currents. The observations are interpreted as direct confirmation of the major processes for gas ionization and excitation that occur depending on the gas pressure and magnetic guide field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2011-2013 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a technique to characterize carrier-trapping phenomena in SiO2 by measuring the Si 2p core-level energy of Si substrates covered with thin SiO2 layers as a function of x-ray irradiation time. It is found that the Si 2p peak energy, which corresponds to the band bending at the SiO2/Si interface, changes as the x-ray irradiation time increases. We attribute this to carrier-trapping phenomena in SiO2. By using this technique, it is found that the carrier-trapping phenomena differ remarkably among several chemical oxides. We also discuss the atomic structure of the traps that cause the trapping phenomena. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 14 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This study compares the characteristics of substrate degradation and bacterial activities in the thermophilic process with those under mesophilic conditions. The solids retention time ranged from 2.5 to 40 days, and raw sludge (containing about 6% dry solids) was continuously fed to each process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pork loins from carcasses weighing 68–75 kg were compared for quality characteristics. A total of 120 loins, with equal numbers of pale and watery, normal and dark colored loins, were evaluated. Pale chops had a significantly higher cooking loss than normal or dark colored chops. The consumer panel scored the pale chops significantly lower in organoleptic acceptability than normal or dark chops. The trained panel gave a similar rating for the organoleptic evaluation. When the consumer panel selected pork chops from a retail display case, the normal colored chops received the highest rating and the pale, watery chops the lowest. The pale chops were the most unstable and developed a greenish-gray cast after 2–3 days' storage. The normal colored chops had significantly more intramuscular fat and less protein than either pale or dark chops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As part of a continuing study to define the etiology of porcine stress syndrome and pale, soft, exudative pork, cyclic AMP (c-AMP) levels in longissimus muscle from stress susceptible (SS) and control (C) pigs were compared. At 3 min postmortem, levels of c-AMP were significantly higher for SS than for C pigs; thereafter differences were not significant. Variations in initial levels of glycogen affected lactate, pH and color of the postmortem muscles but did not affect c-AMP levels. Initial levels of glycogen were higher for SS pigs killed in the morning than for those killed in the afternoon. Results of this study indicate that further study, using greater numbers of pigs, is warranted to establish whether the 3 min postmortem level of c-AMP can be used as an objective measure of stress susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Muscles from stress-susceptible (SS) pigs are often characterized by a rapid rate of glycogenolysis, but the mechanism which is responsible for this abnormality is unknown. As part of an effort to define the mechanism, we determined the relationship between cyclic AMP (c-AMP) and phosphorylase a activity in SS and control (C) pigs. Longissimus muscles were obtained from SS and C uias at 3. 30. 60 and 120 min postexsanguination. At 3 mm, c-AMP levels were 1555 ? 94 and 1309 ± 29 pica moles/g muscle from SS and C, respectively, and differed significantly (P = 0.05). Levels at ofher times were not significantly different. Ratios of phosphorylase a to a±b (total) activities at 3 min were 0.303 ± 0.047 and 0.157 ± 0.028 for SS and C, respectively, and differed significantly (P = 0.05). Differences were not significant after 3 min. Total activities at 3 min were 0.617 ± 0.119 and 0.535 ± 0.047 mg phosphorus liberated/10 min/mg protein. These results, without accounting for ofher mechanisms which might regulate phosphorylase activation, indicate that higher c-AMP levels at 3 min could produce higher phosphorylase a levels in SS than in C pigs. Whether this difference is adequate to explain the difference in rate of glycogenolysis needs further clarification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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