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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Proposal for a revised international standard series of patch tests (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 36 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Worldwide, there are 3 major standard series of patch tests, the European, North American and Japanese, together presenting 32 allergens, the differences between them being the result of regional variation in allergen distribution as well as differences in dermatological opinion. We propose a “minimal” international standard series of 20 allergens, together with an “extended” international standard series of 14 allergens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00391.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid and the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Comparison of various skin sites (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 20 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Benzocc acid (BA) and the sodium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (NaPCA) were tested in 13 healthy persons to obtain information about, firstly, the irritant properties of NaPCA and, secondly. the reactivity of various skin sites. BA at 16, 8, and 4 mM pet., anil NaPCA at 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25% in water, were applied to the forehead, check, neck and upper back Erythema reatt.imis were observed visually, and the changes in ihe skin blood How were monitored using a laser-Floppier flowmeter. BA at 16 mM mcreused Wood flow on the cheek of 12 tesl subjects, and on the neck, forehead and upper back of 6 subjects, but S and 4 mM BA elicited reactions only on the cheek. NaPCA caused reactions on the upper back of 3 test subjects only, but not on oilier test sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb03093.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The 12-year prognosis of hand dermatosis in 896 Finnish farmers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In all, 896 Finnish farmers (305 men and 587 women), representing 77% of those reporting hand or forearm dermatosis in a questionnaire survey in 1979, were asked again about their dermatosis and current work in 1991. More than 50% of the study population had left farming since 1979. In 1991, 26% of men and 21% of women had a current dermatosis on the hands or forearms, and altogether, 44% of men and 39% of women reported a hand dermatosis within the past 12 months. Significant determinants of persistent hand dermatosis, in a logistic regression model, were continuation of farm work, history of skin atopy, symptoms of metal allergy, and age under 45 years. Handling cattle, e.g., milking, was considered an exacerbating factor of the dermatosis by 37% of those who had milked sometimes in their lives. In this group, 75% of hand dermatoses in those who had finished milking work had healed. The results indicate that giving up or changing work improves the prognosis of hand dermatosis in farming.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00674.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chloromethylisothiazolone/methylisothiazolone (CMI/MI) use test with a shampoo on patch-test-positive subjects Results of a multicentre double-blind crossover trial (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, 2–period crossover study with 2 shampoos was performed on subjects patch-test-positive to 100 ppm CMI/MI. One shampoo was preserved with 15 ppm a.i. CMI/MI, the other with 0.3% imidazolidinyl urea (IU). 27 subjects from 5 European dermatology clinics participated. 1 subject discontinued use after severe adverse reactions to the CMI/MI-preserved shampoo and did not evaluate the other shampoo. Another 2 subjects developed moderate symptoms with the CMI/MI-preserved shampoo and discontinued its use, but tolerated the lU-preserved shampoo for the full 2–week period. 2 subjects discontinued use after 1 or 2 washes after severe adverse reactions to the lU-preserved shampoo. 1 of these subjects tolerated the CMI/MI-preserved shampoo for 2 weeks without any untoward effects. However, the majority of subjects had negative findings on the scalp, face, neck, and hands for both shampoos. The physicians' global evaluation data indicated that shampoo with CMI/MI caused fewer skin problems than shampoo with IU (38% versus 27%, n.s.), with over 1/3 of the subjects (35%) having no skin problems with either preservative. The current study showed that most subjects previously sensitized to CMI/MI can successfully use shampoo preserved with CMI/MI. Since some subjects previously sensitized to CMI/MI, or possibly to IU, may develop clinical reactions, it would still be prudent for the clinician to advise alternative products to patients with sensitivity to a shampoo or cosmetic ingredient. Full ingredient labelling will ensure that this is possible. As the overall rate of adverse effects in sensitized individuals was low, studies of this nature should also be conducted for other allergens. This will be helpful in determining the relevance of patch test data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00671.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hand eczema in Finnish farmers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 32 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In a population of 2005 Finnish farmers, 172 (8.6%) reported hand or forearm dermatoses in a self-administered questionnaire. 138 (80%) of them attended a clinical examination. Skin prick tests (SPTs) were done to 80% and patch tests (PTs) to 77% of the examined farmers. 93% of hand dermatoses were eczema and 70% were considered work-related. Cow allergy was found in 41 of 104 prick- and patch-tested farmers (39%). Immediate allergy to cow epithelium was encountered in a total of 28/41, in 20 with SPTs, and in 8 only with 20 min PTs. Delayed contact allergy to cow dander was found in 27/41. The result suggests that in addition to SPTs using commercial cow epithelium extract, PTs using fresh cow dander should also be done, and both immediate and delayed responses should be read.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00805.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Only seldom have food additives been shown to cause true allergic (immunological) reactions. Adverse effects due to various pharmacological or other mechanisms are much more common. The individual tolerance may be decreased for one reason or another, and may fluctuate from time to time. Many patients suffering from food additive reactions have atopic constitutions and such clinical symptoms as flexural dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The most important skin symptoms caused by food additives are urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and contact urticaria. Azo dyes, benzoic acid and several other common food additives may aggravate or, more rarely, even cause urticaria. Spices are one of the most common causes of immunological contact urticaria. Non-immunological contact urticaria is produced by numerous spices, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid, and many essential oils. Asthma and rhinitis are the main hypersensitivity symptoms in the respiratory tract, and azo dyes, benzoic acid, and sulfitic food additives are the most common causative agents. Systemic and respiratory reactions to food colorants and benzoates have been claimed to occur more frequently in acetylsalicylic acid- (ASA-)sensitive patients than in non-reactors. Hypersensitivity reactions in organs other than the skin and respiratory tract are rare or poorly documented. Psychological factors play an essential role in both food and food additive reactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00386.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lichen picker's dermatitis (Cladonia alpestris (L) Rab.) (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 7 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The frequency and immunological background of dermatitis occurring in lichen pickers during the 3– to 4–month picking season were studied in a small community in northern Finland. Thirty of 164 lichen pickers had suffered from dermatitis at least on the fingers and the dorsa of their hands, and many of them also had dermatitis on their forearms, faces, etc. Fifteen of them were subjected to epicutaneous and photo-cpicutaneous testing with crushed Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rab. and some fractions of it. Allergic contact reactions were seen in nine subjects, three of whom also had positive photo-epicutaneous test reactions from lichen allergens. No immediate reactions were seen in scratch or scratch chamber tests with crushed Cl, alpestris or with its alcoholic extract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1981.tb03951.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Merthiolate hypersensitivity and vaccination (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 6 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Epicutaneous tests with O.1 % merthiolate in petrolatum showed hypersensivity in 96 of 4647 eczema patients (2.0%) and ill seven of 105 health recruits (7%). There was a marked preponderance of young age classes in the eczema group. Twelve of 41 merthiolate-positive patients tested reacted to mercury alone, three to thiosalylic acid alone and one to both. The remaining 25 patients; reacted to neither of the individual components although the merthiolate complex as a whole gave a positive test result. Forty-five of the merthiolate-positive patients were tested subcutaneously with 0.5 ml of a 0.01% merthiolate solution, i.e. a dose equal to that contained in one shot of tetanus toxoid, fur example. Nine patients developed a local reaction at the site of the injection, and the area became eczematous in four cases. In one of the patients the eczema spread over the body, causing fever. Since merthiolate-sensitive patients also react to merthiolate administered intracutaneously. the vaccinator should avoid the use of needle whose outer surface tins been contaminated when the vaccine was aspirated from the bottle. However, even when this precautionary measure is taken, local reactions can be expected in such a high percentage of merthiolate-sensitive persons that merthiolate in vaccines should be replaced by another antibacterial agent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04922.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reactions to peroral propylene glycol (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 4 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A peroral challenge lest with 2–15 ml of propylene glycol (PG) was made in 38 patients with allergic-type epicutaneous test reactions to PG. Eight of 10 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 2% PG and seven of the other 28 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 10–100 % PG developed an exanthem 3–16 h after ingestion of the drug. In all hut one case the rash disappeared within 24–48 h without any medication. In one ease the exanthem was treated with prednisone for 4 days, and the symptoms disappeared gradually in 6 days.None of the 20 control patients had skin symptoms, Nausea, vertigo and a curious sensation were recorded in four PG-sensitive patients and in three control patients. These symptoms were apparently due to the general pharmacodynamic effects of PG and they were regarded as non-allergic in nature.It was concluded that PG is a potential allergen and it must he added to the list of causes of drug exuathems
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1978.tb03719.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contact sensitization to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 24 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The frequency of positive reactions to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI) were studied at 22 European cntact dermatitis clinics over a period of 1 year. A total of 4713 patients participated. All the patients were patch tested with nickel sulphate, formaldehyde, paraben-mix, and MCI/MI 19.4% of the patients had positive patch tests to nickel, making this the most common allergen, 3% of the patients reacted to 100 ppm MCI/MI, while 2.6% reacted to formaldchyde and 1.1% to parabens. There was great variation in the frequency of MCI/MI sensitivity among the 22 centres. MCI/MI contact allergy was most common among women and in patients with facial dermatitis, while it was rarely seen in patients with dermatitis on the lower legs. There were no fluctuations in the number of positive patch tests to MCI/MI on a monthly basis when the results from all centres were combined. 117 of the 141 MCI/MI sensitized patients included in the study were retested 88% had positive patch tests when retested. 101 of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients participated in a double -blind, placebo-controlled product use test. This test showed that 31% of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients had a positive reaction to a MCI/MI-preserved product. Only a few patients reacted to a control product. It is concluded that the preservative MCI/MI is an important new contact allergen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01747.x
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