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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mediators of Injury and Inflammation (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 406-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Mediators play a key role in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and multiple organ failure of vital organs. In this short review, we update our knowledge on these mediator networks. First, we summarize the stimuli that occur during severe trauma (intraoperative stress), including polymorphonuclear neutrophil-derived tissue-damaging substances, complement activation products, and adherence molecules such as selectins. The gut in shock is discussed as an important intermediate step in the transition from noninfectious to infectious SIRS. Second, we describe the mediators, including cytokines, nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor, and procoagulatory substances, that are released during sepsis. The release of mediators depends primarily on the severity of the trauma, shock, or sepsis and secondarily on the activation of the various cascades of mediators during posttraumatic/postoperative complications. The mediators are thus of decisive importance regarding the intensity of organ damage and the outcome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900064
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 20 (1996), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. With limited resources and the current concerns about using animals for research purposes, the needs must be clear when setting up trauma and sepsis experiments for pharmacologic interventions. Such interventions are performed typically for four reasons: (1) to study the pathophysiologic role of certain mediators (which can be influenced by pharmacologic agents); (2) to study the therapeutic efficacy of treatment strategies; (3) to study the overall safety of new drugs under trauma/sepsis conditions, which are adjunct studies to standard toxicology; (4) to test new diagnostic procedures in a defined trauma or sepsis setting. Intervention in the inflammatory response may be performed at several levels: (1) at the primary induction site (e.g., by antilipopolysaccharide or by preventing complement activation); (2) at the intermediate mediator level (e.g., by antitumor necrosis factor); (3) at the final mediator level (e.g., by block of polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, and (4) at the target (e.g., by membrane stabilization or enhanced antioxidant defense).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689900077
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Red cell count dependence of whole blood granulocyte luminescence (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 163-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Luminescence ; Blood bactericidal activity ; Phagocytosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To evaluate phagocytosis of granulocyte, chemiluminescence (CL) — measurements were done in whole blood specimen. By this method much less variation (22% versus 84%) could be achieved in the whole blood specimen compared with isolated granulocytes. The quenching of CL by erythrocytes, which is dependent on the quotient erythrocytes/granulocytes, could be significantly reduced by dilution (1:5,000). Optimized reaction conditions were selected (approx. 5 × more sensitive then previous protocols) to evaluate the phagocytic activity of the few remaining granulocytes (approx. 2,000/ml) with routine luminometers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01486371
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanisms of oxygen free radical-induced cell injury in cultured heart muscle cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9 (1990), S. 111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0891-5849(90)90570-9
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    hrSOD does not prevent bacterial translocation (BT) in a baboon polytrauma model
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9 (1990), S. 156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0891-5849(90)90733-Y
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of phosphatidylcholines in rabbit lung lavage fluid by positive and negative ion fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 562 (1991), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(91)80583-X
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The inflammatory basis of trauma/shock-associated multiple organ failure (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Complement — Neutrophil — Adhesion — Cytokines — Bacteria/endotoxin translocation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Multiple alterations in inflammatory and immunologic function have been demonstrated in clinical and experimental situations after trauma and hemorrhage, in particular the activation of various humoral (e.g. complement, coagulation) and cellular systems (neutrophils, endothelial cells, macrophages). As a consequence of this activation process there is synthesis, expression and release of numerous mediators (toxic oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes, adherence molecules, cytokines), which may produce a generalized inflammation and tissue damage in the body. Mediators are responsible for ongoing interactions of different cell types and for amplification effects through their networks and feedback cycles, finally leading to a sustained inflammation and multiple organ damage in the body. In the setting of trauma/shock, many activators including bacterial as well as non-bacterial factors may be present that will induce local and systemic inflammatory responses. Although the potential role of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and its clinical relevance remains controversial, many lines of evidence support the concept that the gut may be the reservoir for systemic sepsis and subsequent MOF in a number of pathophysiologic states.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050318
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    247. Das lysosomale Enzymspektrum und Proteinaseninhibitoren menschlicher Leukocyten (1978)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 710-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Lung edema ; Polytrauma ; Leukocyte ; Kininogenase ; Lungenödem ; Polytrauma ; Leukocyten ; Kininogenase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen posttraumatischen leukocytären Infiltrationen des Lungeninterstitiums und ödematösen Lungenveränderungen aufgezeigt. Aus menschlichem Frischblut wurden Leukocytenkonzentrate hergestellt, deren Lysosomen isoliert und Enzyme extrahiert. Vier neutrale Proteinasen konnten nachgewiesen und durch ihre spezifischen Substrate Bowie ihr Inhibitorspektrum charakterisiert werden. Die leukocytäre Kininogenase ist durch den therapeutisch anwendbaren polyvalenten Proteinaseninhibitor Trasylol®, hemmbar. In Tierversuchen wurde die pathogenetische Bedeutung der Kinine für die Ödembildung nachgewiesen. Der polyvalente leukocytäre Proteinaseninhibitor ist nur in geringer Menge nachweisbar.
    Notizen: Summary Experimental investigations were carried out to correlate posttraumatic leukocyte infiltration of lung interstitium and edema formation. From human leukocyte lysosomes, four different neutral proteinases could be extracted and characterized by means of their specific substrates and their inhibitor spectra. Granulocyte kininogenase was sensitive to inhibition by Trasylol®, a polyspecific therapeutic proteinase inhibitor. In morphologic experiments on rabbits, the participation of kinins in the events leading to pulmonary edema is made obvious. The existence of small amounts of a polyvalent proteinase inhibitor of leukocyte origin could be shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579537
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanisms in acute septic cardiomyopathy: Evidence from isolated myocytes (1991)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 86 (1991), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Schlagwort(e): heart musclecells ; sepsis ; tumor necrosisfactor ; Pseudomonas exotoxin A ; β-adrenoceptor/G protein/adenylate cyclasesystem ; cardiodepressant factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Although often not considered, the heart is one of the targets of multiple organ failure in sepsis and septic shock, with myocardial depression being a prominent component of this “acute septic cardiomyopathy”. Hypotheses concerning the etiology of this depression are increasingly elucidated on a cellular level, including dysfunction of the β-adrenoceptor/G protein/adenylate cyclase system, calcium channel blockade by cardiodepressant factor, contractile impairment by activated leucocytes, as well as inhibition of protein synthesis by Pseudomonas exotoxin A. In the search for “mechanisms of myocardial depression in sepsis”, isolated cardiomyocytes may play a role as research tools with respect to: a) discrimination between direct and indirect cardiodepressant effects; b) identifying not only the acute, but also chronic toxin- and mediator-induced cardiodepression; c) clarification of the mechanism of action of cardiodepressant bacterial toxins and sepsis mediators; d) establishment of in vitro models of leucocyte-mediated cardiodepressann in sepsis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190709
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    166. Experimentelle und klinische Untersuchungen der gewebeständigen Plasminogenaktivatoren nach Polytrauma (1976)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 342 (1976), S. 619-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Polytrauma ; Plasminogen activator ; Fibrinolysis ; Polytrauma ; Plasminogenaktivator ; Fibrinolyse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Vorhandensein des gewebeständigen Plasminogenaktivators nach Polytrauma wurde experimentell bei Ratten und klinisch bei Patienten fibrinolyseautographisch nachgewiesen. Nach Gabe des natürlichen Proteinaseninhibitors Aprotinin war der gewebeständige Aktivator unvermindert vorhanden, während eine Applikation des synthetischen Fibrinolyseinhibitors trans-Amcha den Aktivatorgehalt in den Rattenlungen reduzierte. Der Plasminogenspiegel der Patienten war normal und gewährleistet zusammen mit dem Gewebeaktivator die Voraussetzung für eine ungestörte Fibrinolyse nach Polytrauma.
    Notizen: Summary The presence of the tissue-bound plasminogen activators during the posttraumatic period was shown by fibrinolysis-autography in experimental studies in rats and clinically in patients. After application of the natural proteinase inhibitor Aprotinin the tissue-bound activator was not reduced, whereas the application of the synthetic fibrinolysis inhibitor trans-Amcha decreased the activator content in the lungs of rats. Plasminogen values were in the normal range. The presence of plasminogen and its substrate, the tissue-bound activator, is an adequate condition for a normal fibrinolysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01267514
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