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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Menstrual symptoms in women with pelvic endometriosis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To investigate menstrual symptoms in relation to pelvic pathology.Design— A prospective questionnaire-based study.Setting— Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland.Subjects— 1250 questionnaires were sent out prior to planned admission and 1200 women (96%) brought the completed questionnaires. They comprised 598 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization, 312 having laparoscopy because of infertility, 156 having laparoscopy because of chronic pelvic pain and 134 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Main outcome measures— The occurrence of dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, menstrual regularity, premenstrual spotting, deep dyspareunia and pelvic pain in women with either endometriosis and post infective pelvic adhesions or a normal pelvis.Results— Menorrhagia, menstrual irregularity and premenstrual spotting occurred with equal frequency in all groups. Deep dyspareunia, pain after intercourse and recurrent pain unrelated to menstruation or coitus was more common in women with endometriosis and those with post infective pelvic adhesions than in those with a normal pelvis. Dysmenorrhoea appears to be more prevalent among women having endometriosis.Conclusions— Menstrual symptoms, while raising a high index of suspicion for endometriosis, are not entirely reliable as indicators of disease. Dysmenorrhoea is the most common reported symptom in endometriosis sufferers. Diagnostic laparoscopy should be considered before institution of treatment in women complaining of pelvic pain and menstrual symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1991.tb10370.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and thermodynamic stability of the OsC and OsC2 molecules by theoretical calculations and by Knudsen cell mass spectrometry (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 4496-4501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Knudsen cell mass spectrometric equilibrium measurements together with theoretical computations have been employed to gain structural and thermodynamic information of the OsC and OsC2 molecules. Several levels of theory have been applied to determine the structures, molecular parameters, and physico-chemical properties of OsC(g) and OsC2(g), and their singly charged ions. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were performed on the apparent 3Σ− ground state and first 3Δ excited state of OsC. From the analyzed gaseous equilibria and the thermal functions calculated from the computed molecular parameters, the following atomization enthalpies, ΔaH0o(OsC,g) and ΔaH0o(OsC2,g), and enthalpies of formation, ΔfH298.15o(OsC,g) and ΔfH298.15o(OsC2,g), in kJ mol−1, have been obtained: OsC, 605.6±14.0 and 895.4±14.0; OsC2, 1154.6±18.0 and 1059.5±18.0. The results have been compared with those for the other platinum metal carbides and oxides. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1390504
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenomedullin Receptor Is Found Exclusively in Noradrenaline-Secreting Cells of the Rat Adrenal Medulla (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Adrenomedullin, originally identified in the adrenalmedulla, has binding sites in the adrenal gland; however, its role in theadrenal medulla is unclear. This study was designed to characteriseadrenomedullin binding sites in the rat adrenal medulla, using ligand bindingstudies, immunocytochemistry, and mRNA analysis. A single population ofspecific adrenomedullin receptors was identified in adrenal medullaryhomogenates. 125I-Adrenomedullin was displaced only byadrenomedullin1-50 and not by calcitonin gene-related peptide oramylin at concentrations up to 100 nmol/L. The receptor KDwas 3.64 nmol/L with a receptor density of 570 fmol/mg of protein. Analysis ofmRNA revealed that the genes encoding both the putative adrenomedullinreceptors, termed calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and L1, wereexpressed in the rat adrenal medulla. Dual-colour indirect-labelledimmunofluorescence was used to localise phenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase (PNMT) and the adrenomedullin receptor in the same section. PNMT is the enzyme that converts noradrenaline to adrenaline and is not expressed in noradrenaline-secreting cells. These studies revealed that both CRLR and L1 were expressed only in cells that did not express PNMT, suggesting that adrenomedullin receptors are only found in noradrenaline-secreting cells. Further evidence to support this conclusion was provided by the demonstration of colocalisation of adrenomedullin receptors with dopamine β-hydroxylase, confirming the presence of the receptors in medullary chromaffin cells. Taken together, these data suggest that adrenomedullin acts through a specific adrenomedullin receptor in the rat adrenal medulla. RT-PCR and northern blot analysis revealed greater abundance of mRNA for L1 than for CRLR, possibly suggesting that L1 may be the major adrenomedullin receptor expressed in this tissue. As it has been reported that adrenomedullin is synthesised predominantly by adrenaline-secreting cells, it appears likely that adrenomedullin is a paracrine regulator in the adrenal medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741766.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weighted Term Search: A Computer Program for an Inverted Coordinate Index on Magnetic Tape (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical documentation 7 (1967), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/c160024a015
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of Wiswesser Notation to a Connectivity Matrix for Organic Compounds (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical documentation 7 (1967), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/c160027a004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic Search and Display using a Connectivity Matrix Derived from Wiswesser Notation (1967)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical documentation 7 (1967), S. 204-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/c160027a005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A KWIC Index to X-Ray Diffraction Powder Data. (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 38 (1966), S. 666-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60236a046
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-18 levels in induced sputum are reduced in asthmatic and normal smokers (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background IL-18 is a cytokine which is known to have an important role in the development of a Th1 lymphocyte response. As such, it may have a regulatory role in asthma by modifying Th2 lymphocyte responses. Cigarette smoking may amplify the airway inflammation associated with asthma.Objective This study investigated if IL-18 could be detected in induced sputum from asthmatics and normal subjects and if smoking altered IL-18 levels.Methods Induced sputum was obtained from asthmatic (31 smokers, 35 non-smokers) and normal (20 smokers, 20 non-smokers) subjects. All smokers had a smoking history of 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1973:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉15 pack years. IL-18 levels in sputum supernatant were measured by ELISA. IL-18 mRNA expression and cellular localization were assessed by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively.Results Smoking was associated with a significant reduction in IL-18 levels (median (interquartile range) – smokers 20 (0–102) pg/mL vs. non-smokers 358 (50–876) pg/mL, P〈0.001). This was more pronounced in asthmatics (smokers, 47 (40–64) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 530 (30–1484) pg/mL; P〈0.001) than in normal subjects (smokers, 25 (0–78) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 247 (50–656) pg/mL; P〈0.01). Within each of the smoking and non-smoking groups there was no significant difference in IL-18 levels between asthmatic and normal subjects. There was no correlation between sputum IL-18 levels and any specific cell type in the sputum samples nor serum IgE levels. IL-18 mRNA expression was reduced in asthmatic smokers compared with non-smokers. IL-18 production was localized to sputum macrophages by immunocytochemistry.Conclusions IL-18 is detectable in induced sputum samples from both asthmatic and normal subjects. Cigarette smoking significantly reduces sputum IL-18 levels. This effect is more pronounced in asthmatics than in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01973.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cetirizine and levocetirizine inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration through human dermal or lung microvascular endothelial cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Several second-generation antihistamines have documented anti-inflammatory effects which appear independent of H1-receptor blockade. We investigated the inhibitory effect of cetirizine and its active enantiomer levocetirizine on eosinophil transendothelial migration (TEM) through monolayers of normal human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d) or human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-l).Methods HMVEC-d or HMVEC-l were grown to confluence on micropore filters in transwells inserted into a 24-well tissue culture dish. Eosinophils were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and negative immunomagnetic selection. Untreated eosinophils or eosinophils pre-incubated (30 min at 37 °C) with a concentration range of cetirizine or levocetirizine (10−5 to 10−9 m) were added to the upper chamber of the transwell which was incubated for 60 min at 37 °C. Both spontaneous eosinophil TEM and TEM to 100 ng/mL of human eotaxin in the lower chamber were assessed.Results Between 8 and 10% of the eosinophils added to the upper chamber underwent spontaneous TEM through HMVEC-d or HMVEC-l. The addition of eotaxin to the lower chamber enhanced eosinophil TEM through HMVEC-d or HMVEC-l monolayers to over 20%, i.e. an enhanced TEM of approximately 100% in each case. Pre-incubation of eosinophils with cetirizine or levocetirizine dose-dependently inhibited eosinophil TEM to eotaxin through both HMVEC-d or HMVEC-l with total inhibition of eotaxin-induced TEM observed at 10−8 m for HMVEC-d and 10−7 m for HMVEC-l. Both drugs gave a reduced but significant inhibition of eosinophil TEM at lower concentrations. No concentration of cetirizine or levocetirizine had any significant effect on expression of CD11b, CD18 or CD49d by either resting or eotaxin-stimulated eosinophils. Furthermore, no effect on spontaneous eosinophil TEM, or eosinophil viability was seen with any concentration of cetirizine or levocetirizine.Conclusion Levocetirizine inhibits eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung microvascular endothelial cells suggesting that, like cetirizine, levocetirizine has potential anti-inflammatory effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01444.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-regulatory cytokines in asthma: IL-15 and IL-13 in induced sputum (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The importance of Th2-type lymphocyte function in asthmatic airway inflammation is well recognized, but less is known about the factors which regulate the function of these lymphocytes in asthma. The macrophage-derived cytokine, interleukin (IL)-15 has a number of T cell regulatory properties which might be of relevance to asthma and its treatment.Objective The aims were to identify and quantify the T cell regulatory cytokine IL-15 in induced sputum samples from asthmatic patients, in comparison with IL-13, and to relate the levels of these cytokines to treatment with inhaled steroids.Methods Induced sputum was collected from 16 asthmatics (eight steroid and eight non-steroid treated) and eight normal controls. IL-15 and IL-13 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) in sputum. IL-15 levels were also measured in sputum cell culture supernatants and localized to specific sputum cells by immuno-cytochemistry.Results IL-15 levels were increased and IL-13 levels were decreased in sputum fluid from steroid-treated compared with non-steroid-treated asthmatics. IL-15 was localized specifically to macrophages and the proportion of these cells expressing IL-15 correlated with sputum fluid IL-15 and IL-15 levels in cell culture supernatants, and all were higher in the steroid-treated asthmatics.Conclusion IL-15 and IL-13 production appears to be reciprocally regulated by steroid therapy in asthma patients. The steroid-associated increase in IL-15 may regulate a fundamental shift away from an inflammatory Th2-type environment in asthma and may be an essential component of the cytokine modulation underlying the therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01174.x
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