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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetization transfer contrast ; Cartilage ; MTC-subtraction ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human articular cartilage from 16 cadaveric or amputated knees was studied using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), on-resonance magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction MRI. Results were compared with subsequent macroscopic and histopathological findings. MTC-subtraction and T2-weighted spin-echo images visualized cartilaginous surface defects with high sensitivity and specificity. MTC and T2-weighted spin-echo images revealed intra-cartilaginous signal loss without surface defects in 80% of the cases, corresponding to an increased collagen concentration. It is concluded that MTC is sensitive to early cartilage degeneration and MTC-subtraction can be helpful in detecting cartilage defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: MR imaging ; knee ; MR imaging ; bone marrow ; Bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hematopoietic bone marrow in the distal femur of the adult may be mistaken for a pathologic marrow process in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. We investigated the incidence of hematopoietic marrow in the distal femur in a series of 51 adult patients and compared spin-echo (TR/TE in ms: 500/35, 2000/80) and opposed-phase gradient-echo (0.35 T, TR/TE in ms: 1000/30, θ = 75°) magnetic resonance images. Zones with intermediate to low signal intensity on T1-weighted spinecho and opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences representing hematopoietic marrow within high signal intensity fatty marrow were observed in 18 of the 51 patients. Five patterns of marrow signal reduction were identified; type 0: uniform high signal, i.e., no signal change; type I, focal signal loss; type II, multifocal signal loss without confluence; type III, confluent signal loss; and type IV, complete homogeneous reduction in marrow signal. Opposed-phase gradient-echo sequences demonstrated markedly greater red-yellow marrow contrast than conventional spin-echo sequences. Follow-up studies in three patients using a gradient-echo sequence with TE varying from 10 to 21 ms at 1-ms increments showed a cyclic increase and decrease in red and yellow marrow signal intensity depending on the TE. The contribution of intravoxel chemical shift effects on red-yellow marrow contrast in opposed-phase gradient-echo images was verified by almost complete cancellation of the TE-dependent marrow signal oscillation with use of a chemically selective pulse presaturating the water protons. Hematopoietic marrow in the adult distal femur in the absence of hematologic abnormalities is found primarily in women of menstruating age. It may be residual and may represent a biologic variation in the normal adult pattern of red-yellow marrow distribution. Reconverted red marrow appears to be related to increased erythrocyte demand. Residual and reconverted red marrow should not be mistaken for bone marrow malignancy. Opposed-phase gradient-echo imaging is easily implemented and appears ideally suited to monitor the distribution of hematopoietic marrow as a function of age and erythrocyte demand in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 960-965 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schulter ; Indirekte MR-Arthrographie ; Direkte MR-Arthrographie ; Key words Shoulder ; Indirect MR arthrography ; Direct MR arthrography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic power of indirect MR arthrography (I-MRA) particularly in rotator cuff tears. Material and methods: Sonography, conventional MRI and I-MRA were compared with arthroscopy in 25 patients. Additionally literature about experience with the method in other shoulder disease was searched. Results: Sensitivity and specificity in the detection of rotator cuff tears were 0.6 and 0.7 respectively using sonography, 0.66 and 1 with conventional MRI and 1 and 0.86 for I-MRA. I-MRA was especially useful in diagnosing partial tears. In other studies I-MRA showed good results in the evaluation of glenoid labral tears, with a sensitivity of 91 % and a specificity of 92 %. Conclusion: I-MRA can be successfully used to diagnose rotator cuff and labral tears.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Der Stellenwert der wenig invasiven Methode der indirekten MR-Arthrographie (I-MRA) sollte insbesondere bei Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen bestimmt werden. Material und Methode: Bei 25 Patienten mit Verdacht auf Rotatorenmanschettenläsionen wurden die Sonographie, konventionelle MRT und indirekte MR-Arthrographie eingesetzt. Als Goldstandard diente die Arthroskopie. Bezüglich der I-MRA bei anderen Schultererkrankungen wurde eine Literatursuche durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Sensitivität und Spezifität der Untersuchungsmodalitäten waren: 0,6 und 0,7 für die Sonographie, 0,66 und 1 für die konventionelle MRT, 1 und 0,86 für die I-MRA. Die indirekte MR-Arthrographie war den anderen Methoden insbesondere im Nachweis imkompletter Rotatorenmanschettenläsionen überlegen. In anderen Studien zeigte die I-MRA gute Ergebnisse in der Diagnostik von Labrumverletzungen mit einer Sensitivität von 91 % und einer Spezifität von 92 %. Diskussion: Bei Verdacht auf Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen und Labrumverletzungen kann die indirekte MR-Arthrographie sinnvoll in die Stufendiagnostik mit bildgebenden Verfahren eingesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 933-943 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schulterregion ; Skelettaufbau ; Gelenke ; Periartikuläre Weichteile ; Leitungsbahnen ; Key words Shoulder region ; Skeletal composition ; Joints ; Periarticular structures ; Vessels and nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Besides the skeletal elements, i. e., the clavicle, scapula and humerus, several muscles and soft tissues also participate in the construction of the human shoulder. These elements from and surround the shoulder girdle joints, which are the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint. Towards the trunk a connection is achieved by the sternoclavicular joint. Ossification of the clavicle, scapula and humerus begins within the 5th to 7th embryonic week. Around the age of 20 years ossification is completed. Parallel to this development and during adulthood, age-dependent changes take place in the composition and mixture of the bone marrow from red to yellow marrow. The shoulder girdle joints are constructed to permit a wide range of motion of the arm against the trunk. At the glenohumeral joint the spherical humeral head glides within the concave groove of the glenoid cavity. Stability is attained by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, which enlarges the articulating areas and the joint capsule with its strengthening ligaments. Variation of the joint capsule insertion, the glenoid labrum or the bony surfaces may predispose to luxation. Additional support to prevent luxation is obtained by the glenohumeral ligaments and the long biceps tendon. Active movement is provided by the superficial muscles and the rotator cuff muscles. Several bursae support free movement and decrease friction of the musculotendineous systems near the joint. Despite this complex construction several degenerative diseases can impair free movement of the human shoulder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Aufbau der Schulter sind neben Clavicula, Scapula und Humerus zahlreiche Muskeln und mehrere Weichteilstrukturen beteiligt. Sie formen und umhüllen die zur Schulter gehörenden Gelenke: Articulatio acromioclavicularis und Articulatio humeri (glenohumeralis). Die Skeletteile der Schulter beginnen zwischen der 5. und 7. Embryonalwoche zu verknöchern. Die Ossifikation ist um das 20. Lebensjahr abgeschlossen. Eng damit verkoppelt sind Konvertierungsvorgänge, nach denen vor allem in der Scapula und im Humerus eine altersabhängige Umwandlung von hämatopoetisch aktivem Knochenmark in fetthaltiges inaktives Knochenmark erfolgt. Sternoclaviculare und acromioclaviculare Gelenke vergrößern das Bewegungsausmaß der freien oberen Extremität. Im Schultergelenk gleitet das kugelförmig gestaltete Caput humeri in der konkav gekrümmten Cavitas glenoidalis. Das Labrum glenoidale vergrößert die Pfannenfläche und sichert mit dem Kapsel-Band-System die stabile Flächenführung der Gelenkpartner. Variationen in der Profilgestaltung, der Labrumposition und dem Kapselansatz begünstigen mögliche Luxationen. Dem wirken die glenohumeralen Bänder sowie die Sehne des langen Bizepskopfes entgegen. Oberflächlich gelegene Gürtelmuskeln und die Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette führen und sichern das Schultergelenk aktiv. Periartikuläre Gleitstrukturen begünstigen außerdem die Beweglichkeit und vermindern Reibungskräfte zwischen den gelenknahen Muskel-Sehnen-Komplexen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 469-472 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Nutritialgefäßkanäle ; Os lunatum ; Lunatummalazie ; Ganglion ; Ulnaimpaktionssyndrom ; Key words Nutrient vessel canals ; Lunate bone ; MRI ; Kienböcks disease ; Ulna impaction syndrome ; Carpal ganglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To find and describe potential MRI criteria of nutrient vessel canals of carpal bones. Methods and Material: 16 wrists of 13 patients with pain and radiographic depiction of cystic changes within the lunate were examined. The MRI protocol included coronal and sagittal T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences (4 mm slices, 120 FOV, 256×256 matrix) as well as coronal STIR images. Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery (n=5) and follow up. 10 cadaveric ossa lunata were studied to describe size, number, location and shape of nutrient vessel canals. Results: Ganglion cysts (n=6) showed characteristic signs. In ulnar impaction syndrome (n=1) small cystic lesions in the lunate were surrounded by a sclerotic rim and located near the proximal ulnar surface. In Kienböck’s disease (n=3) cystic components were irregular and surrounded by bone marrow edema. Nutrient vessel canals (n=7) imaged as 1 to 3 small cystic lesions within the palmar or dorsal subchondral region. Conclusion: MRI can aid in differential diagnosis of cystic carpal lesions. Nutrient vessel canals may not be mistaken for pathologic cystic lesions. Carpal ganglion cysts show distinct diagnostic pattern.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Sind karpale Nutritialgefäßkanäle auf MRI Bildern sichtbar und welche differentialdiagnostischen Kriterien lassen sich finden. Material und Methode: In 16 Fällen lagen bei 13 Patienten röntgenologisch wenige mm bis 2 cm große zystische Läsionen im Os lunatum vor. Das MRT-Protokoll umfaßte koronare und sagittale T1- und T2-gewichtete SE-Sequenzen mit 4 mm Schichtdicke, 120 mm Meßfeld und 2562 Matrix sowie koronare STIR-Sequenzen. Die Diagnosesicherung erfolgte durch Operation in 5 Fällen sowie Verlaufskontrollen. 10 mazerierte Ossa lunata wurden auf Form, Lokalisation, Anzahl und Größe der Nutritialgefäßkanäle untersucht. Ergebnisse: Ganglien (n=6) wiesen typische Zeichen auf. Im Falle eines Ulnaimpaktionssyndroms bei Ulna-Nullvariante wurden mehrere kleine zystische Läsionen im Os lunatum gefunden, umgeben von einem Sklerosesaum. Bei 3 Fällen einer frühen Lunatummalazie waren unregelmäßige zystische Komponenten von einem diffusen Ödem umgeben. In 7 Fällen mit sehr kleinen zystischen Defekten waren diese subchondral, palmar und dorsal gelegen und entsprachen aufgrund des klinischen Verlaufs und der Lokalisation Nutritialgefäßkanälen. Schlußfolgerung: Nutritialgefäßkanäle dürfen nicht mit pathologischen zystischen Prozessen des Os lunatums verwechselt werden. Mittels MRT können zystische Läsionen im und am Os lunatum weiter spezifiziert werden. Handgelenksganglien weisen typische MR-Zeichen auf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 946-952 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Osteomyelitis ; Skelettmetastasen ; Trauma ; Keywords Osteomyelitis ; Skeletal metastasis ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Diagnostic strategies, radiological signs on conventional techniques and MRI as well as problems in skeletal radiology are discussed. Emphasis is given on inflammatory conditions, bone metastasis and traumatology. Particularly common aspects of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine are considered.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden diagnostische Vorgehensweisen, röntgenologische Zeichen inklusive MRT-Zeichen sowie Problemfälle der Skelettradiologie mit Schwerpunkten in der Traumatologie, Onkologie und bei entzündlichen Skeletterkrankungen besprochen. Dabei werden insbesondere Verknüpfungspunkte zwischen Radiologischer Diagnostik und Nuklearmedizin berücksichtigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 2 (1992), S. 503-507 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Three-dimensional reconstruction: applications, preprocessing, segmentation, shading, rendering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three-dimensional reconstruction of cross-sectional imaging data is gaining increasing acceptance by clinicians. Some applications have been introduced in routine imaging. These applications are summarised and discussed. In order to yield a three-dimensional rendered image several steps such as preprocessing, segmentation, interpolation and rendering are necessary, and various modifications of each step are possible. The technical possibilities in each step are summarised and described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 2 (1992), S. 508-510 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MRI ; Knee joint ; Three-dimensional reconstruction: preprocessing, segmentation, shading, surface rendering, volume rendering, hybrid rendering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We tried to improve the basic three-dimensional reconstruction technique by comparing preprocessing, segmentation, shading and rendering techniques in 15 examples of MR investigations of the knee joint. We conclude that signal-normalising, combined threshold and tracking segmentation, grey-level-gradient shading, and combined surface and volume rendering (i. e. hybrid rendering) are the methods of choice for the three-dimensional reconstruction process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1945-1946 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Mediastinal lymph nodes – CT density – Aluminosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case with increased computed tomographic densities of mediastinal lymph nodes with histologically proven aluminum storage is presented. We suggest consideration of aluminosis as differential diagnosis in patients with increased native CT densities beyond 50 HU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 197-197 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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