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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1642-1645 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a magnetic spectrometer to characterize the hot electrons generated in high-intensity (〉1018 W/cm2) laser-plasma interaction experiments. It comprises a dispersive element consisting of a permanent dipole magnet and an electron detector incorporating 45 scintillating/light-guiding plastic fibers connected to a cooled charged-coupled device camera. The main features of this instrument are high spectral resolution, low sensitivity to x and γ rays, and versatility due to its compact design. Performance and operational capabilities are illustrated based on experimental results in which electron energy–spectra in the range of 520 keV to 12.6 MeV were obtained with an energy resolution of 10% and a detection threshold of 106 electrons per MeV. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8531-8535 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is currently operating with a photocathode electron gun (PEG) to produce polarized electrons for its experimental program. Bunch intensities of up to 1011 electrons within 2 ns (8 A) are required from the electron gun. Operation of PEG has demonstrated a charge limit phenomenon, whereby the charge that can be extracted from the gun with an intense laser beam saturates at significantly less than 1011 electrons (the expected space-charge-limited charge) when the photocathode quantum efficiency is low. Studies of this charge limit phenomenon observed with a GaAs photocathode are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 987-999 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In experiments, the feasibility was demonstrated of generating multi-MeV electrons in a form of a collimated beam utilizing a table-top laser system delivering 200 fs pulses with PL=1.2 TW and 10 Hz capability. The method uses the process of relativistic self-channeling in a high-density gas jet producing electron densities in the range of 3×1019–6×1020 cm−3. In a thorough investigation, angularly resolved and absolutely calibrated electron spectra were measured and their dependence on the plasma density, laser intensity, and gas medium was studied. For the optimum electron density of ne=2×1020 cm−3 the effective temperature of the electron energy distribution and the channel length exhibit a maximum of 5 MeV and 400 μm respectively. The laser-energyto-MeV-electron efficiency is estimated to be 5%. In a second step, utilizing the multi-MeV electron beam anti-particles, namely positrons, were successfully generated in a 2 mm Pb converter. The average intensity of this new source of positrons is estimated to be equivalent to a radioactivity of 2×108 Bq and it exhibits a very favorable scaling for higher laser intensities. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 1910-1921 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In high-power photodissociation lasers such as the iodine laser, spatially inhomogeneous pump light deposition causes temperature and pressure gradients. These gradients set the gaseous laser medium into motion, thereby changing its density and thus also its refractive index. These perturbations may seriously degrade the laser beam quality. A pulse propagation model is presented, which for the first time incorporates the gasdynamic disturbances in an appropriate manner. Thus any deterioration of the beam quality resulting from gasdynamic effects and diffraction can be precisely evaluated. The model is shown to compare well with experiment. It is also suited for predicting the performance of high-power amplifier chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of 180° Thomson scattering to the JET tokamak for measuring electron temperature and density profiles is discussed. Spatial resolution along the laser beam is achieved by the use of subnanosecond laser pulses and high-speed detection allowing time-of-flight measurements. Gating tests of MCP photomultiplier and measurements of the stray light level in a full-scale optical setup show that the severe stray light problem in a backscatter geometry can be handled. Tests of a frequency-doubled iodine laser system are reported which demonstrate that a 1-pps operation of the system is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparative study of temporally and spectrally resolved K-shell emission from aluminum targets heated with 150 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses at 790 and 395 nm is presented at an intensity of 5×1017 W/cm2. Whereas at 395 nm spectrally broad intense plasma lines and a weak Kα line with durations (full width at half maximum) of 1–2 ps are observed, the spectrum at 790 nm shows weak narrow plasma lines and an intense Kα line with durations of 3–5 ps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3662-3664 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the MeV bremsstrahlung which is emitted when fast electrons generated by the interaction of 200 mJ, 130 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses with a preformed plasma penetrate into a solid target. Employing different targets the dependence of the γ-ray spectrum on the atomic number was studied. We detected single γ photons with an energy up to 2.5 MeV and found a maximum conversion efficiency of the laser energy into MeV bremsstrahlung of 4×10−6. Data analysis using a Monte Carlo code revealed a fast-electron temperature of 0.9 MeV.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2662-2664 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Utilizing a femtosecond table-top laser system, we have succeeded in converting via electron acceleration in a plasma channel, low-energy photons into antiparticles, namely positrons. The average intensity of this source of positrons is estimated to be equivalent to 2×108 Bq and it exhibits a very favorable scaling for higher laser intensities. The advent of positron production utilizing femtosecond laser pulses may be the forerunner to a table-top positron source appropriate for applications in material science, and fundamental physics research like positronium spectroscopy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 124 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Apple is a temperate fruit species with several breeding disadvantages such as the highly heterozygous nature of the genome and a long reproductive cycle. It is expected that homozygous apple genotypes can increase breeding efficiency, but inbreeding is prevented by the gametophytic self-incompatibility mechanism. In this paper, the production and characterization of homozygous genotypes, generated from anther culture in Malus × domestica cv. ‘Braeburn’, is described as well as their potential for use in breeding programmes. After determination of large scale anther culture efficiency, anther culture-derived genotypes were simple sequence repeat (SSR)-fingerprinted to determine their homozygous nature and confirm their androgenic origin. Their value for breeding was estimated based on growth and fertility measurements. The use of homozygous androgenic genotypes from ‘Braeburn’ in apple breeding programmes is currently not a realistic approach, partly because of the low efficiency of anther culture, but mainly because of the reduced vigour and severe sterility of the androgenic genotypes produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 36 (1993), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Keywords: diffusion of innovation ; health promotion programs ; management style ; organizational behavior ; social control
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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