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  • 2005-2009  (88)
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    ¬The¬ traveling salesman problem / (2006)
    Princeton [u.a.] :Princeton Univ. Press,
    Details
    Title: ¬The¬ traveling salesman problem /
    Contributer: Applegate, David L. , Bixby, Robert E. , Chvatal, Vasek , Cook, William J.
    Publisher: Princeton [u.a.] :Princeton Univ. Press,
    Year of publication: 2006
    Pages: IX, 593 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Princeton series in applied mathematics
    ISBN: 0-691-12993-2 , 978-0-691-12993-8
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    ZIB Catalog
    Zuse Institute Berlin get availability status
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Lymphatic Tumor Burden on Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Distal obstruction of the lymphatics by tumor and extensive tumor infiltration of the draining lymph nodes may prevent migration of the tracer to the sentinel lymph node (SLN), adversely affecting SLN identification. Rerouting of lymphatic drainage may divert flow to internal mammary nodes and cause an alternative nonsentinel node to become “sentinel,” increasing the risk of a false-negative result. A total of 618 breast cancer patients underwent SLN biopsy using 99mTc albumin colloid and patent blue V injected peritumorally. This was followed by standard axillary node clearance in all patients at the same operation. The overall SLN identification and false-negative rates were 96% (593/618) and 7.6% (17/223), respectively. There was no difference in the SLN identification rate and the false-negative rate with increasing axillary tumor burden (as determined by the total number of positive nodes in the axilla). Further detailed analyses are based on the 64 patients from one center (Cardiff) who had at least one positive SLN and proceeded to axillary clearance. A total of 83 positive SLNs were removed from 64 patients. Tumor burden in the positive SLN was assessed by measuring the size of the metastasis and percentage replacement of the SLN by tumor, and by documenting extranodal invasion. Increasing tumor burden in the SLN (as determined by percentage replacement of SLN by tumor and presence of extranodal invasion) was associated with decreased radioisotope uptake (p = 0.005 and p 〈 0.0001, respectively). There was no correlation between radioisotope uptake and the size of the metastasis in the SLN. There was no correlation between blue dye uptake, internal mammary drainage on lymphoscintiscan, and tumor burden in the positive SLN. In conclusion, increased axillary lymphatic tumor burden is not associated with failure to identify a SLN or false-negative results when both blue dye and radioisotope are used for SLN biopsy. In an individual SLN, the percentage replacement by tumor, but not the absolute size of the metastatic deposit is associated with reduced radioisotope uptake. Extranodal invasion in the SLN is a marker of lymphatic obstruction and is significantly associated with reduced radioisotope uptake. The lymphatic tumor burden does not seem to affect blue dye uptake or internal mammary drainage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2005.21591.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeling at Risk Matters: Water Managers and the Decision to Use Forecasts (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Experts contend that weather and climate forecasts could have an important role in risk management strategies for community water systems. Yet, most water managers make minimal use of these forecasts. This research explores the determinants of the use of weather and climate forecasts by surveying managers of community water systems in two eastern American states (South Carolina and the Susquehanna River Basin of Pennsylvania). Assessments of the reliability of weather and climate forecasts are not driving their use as water managers who find forecasts reliable are no more likely to use them than are managers who find them unreliable. Although larger systems and those depending on surface water are more likely to use forecasts for some (but not all) purposes, the strongest determinant of forecast use is risk perceptions. Water managers who expect to face problems from weather events in the next decade are much more likely to use forecasts than are water managers who expect few problems. Their expectations of future problems are closely linked with past experience: water managers who have had problems with specific types of weather events (e.g., flood emergencies) in the last 5 years are likely to expect to experience problems in the next decade. Feeling at risk, regardless of the specific source of that weather-related risk, stimulates a decision to use weather and climate forecasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00675.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Mammillary Fistulas Should Be Managed (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Mammillary fistulas are uncommon, but when they occur they cause prolonged morbidity. The etiology and management strategies are less well established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the etiologic factors and assess the results of surgical treatment. It is a retrospective study of all patients treated for mammillary fistula from 1990 to 2001. The clinical data, including complications of surgical treatment, were collected from medical records. Fistulas were segregated into simple and complex fistulas before analyzing the results of surgical treatment. Thirty-five patients were treated during this period. A history of either drainage of a subareolar abscess or spontaneous rupture of an inflammatory mass preceded the development of mammillary fistula in the majority of patients. Previous Hadfield's procedure for duct ectasia contributed to the development of fistula in seven patients. Seventeen patients presented with simple fistula. A large proportion of them were treated by total duct excision in recent years, with a higher rate of recurrence (4/6). Eighteen patients presented with complex fistulas; two of them had recurrences following surgical treatment. The overall recurrence rate was 23%. The majority of the patients showed features of periductal mastitis on histologic examination. Postoperative wound infection was positively associated with fistula recurrence. The best management of mammillary fistula remains a problem. Simple fistulas should be treated by fistulectomy and primary closure. Total duct excision should be reserved for complex fistulas. Postoperative wound infection is also a major factor in fistula recurrence. All patients should receive antibiotics. Surgery for duct ectasia has caused fistulas in 20% of cases in our study, raising the issue of restricting total duct excision to more severe forms of the disease. Mammillary fistulas should be treated more appropriately in a specialized breast unit with particular interest in benign breast disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2005.21641.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Randomized Multicenter Study of Gamolenic Acid (Efamast) with and without Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals in the Management of Mastalgia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study, 555 women with moderate to severe mastalgia were randomized to one of the four treatment groups to receive (a) gamolenic acid (GLA) and antioxidants, (b) placebo fatty acids and antioxidants, (c) GLA and placebo antioxidants, or (d) placebo fatty acids and placebo antioxidants, for four menstrual cycles. This was followed by a further eight menstrual cycles of open treatment in which all patients received GLA, but continued to be randomized to active or placebo antioxidants as in the preceding parallel phase. Diary pain cards and linear analog charts were used for assessment of response. A reduction in breast pain was seen in all four treatment groups during the blinded treatment phase. There was a substantial improvement in the placebo fatty acids groups (response rate of 40%), and there were no significant differences among the four treatment groups. During the open treatment phase, a further reduction in breast pain was seen in all groups, with no statistically significant differences between groups. This study showed that GLA (Efamast) efficacy did not differ from that of placebo fatty acids, regardless of whether or not antioxidant vitamins were present. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2005.21492.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of in vitro disc diffusion and time kill-kinetic assays for the evaluation of antimicrobial wound dressing efficacy (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Wound repair and regeneration 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is a plethora of new silver-containing dressings on the market today. Various manufacturers attempt to show that their dressings are the most efficacious and therefore should be preferentially employed by health care workers based on the results of their in vitro tests. However, there have been no studies that clearly identify which tests are appropriate for comparison purposes. The purpose of this study was to determine which in vitro test is most appropriate for evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-containing dressings. This was done by testing seven silver-containing dressings and two non-silver-containing topical agents against 17 clinically relevant microorganisms using zone of inhibition assays and time-kill kinetic assays in complex media. The results for the two assays were then correlated to determine whether the methods generated similar results. It was determined that the two methods do not correlate at all. This is most likely a result of the silver interacting with the media in the zone of inhibition test, thus invalidating the results of this test. We therefore conclude that zone of inhibition data generated for silver-containing dressings is of little value when assessing antimicrobial efficacy and that time-kill assays are of greater use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130409.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dangerous Climate Change: The Role for Risk Research (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The notion of “dangerous climate change” constitutes an important development of the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It persists, however, as an ambiguous expression, sustained by multiple definitions of danger. It also implicitly contains the question of how to respond to the complex and multi-disciplinary risk issues that climate change poses. The invaluable role of the climate science community, which relies on risk assessments to characterize system uncertainties and to identify limits beyond which changes may become dangerous, is acknowledged. But this alone will not suffice to develop long-term policy. Decisions need to include other considerations, such as value judgments about potential risks, and societal and individual perceptions of “danger,” which are often contested. This article explores links and cross-overs between the climate science and risk communication and perception approaches to defining danger. Drawing upon nine articles in this Special Issue of Risk Analysis, we examine a set of themes: limits of current scientific understanding; differentiated public perceptions of danger from climate change; social and cultural processes amplifying and attenuating perceptions of, and responses to, climate change; risk communication design; and new approaches to climate change decision making. The article reflects upon some of the difficulties inherent in responding to the issue in a coherent, interdisciplinary fashion, concluding nevertheless that action should be taken, while acknowledging the context-specificity of “danger.” The need for new policy tools is emphasised, while research on nested solutions should be aimed at overcoming the disjunctures apparent in interpretations of climate change risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00686.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traditional and Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Are Each Independently Associated with Mortality after Myocardial Infarction (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction: Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) and abnormal nonlinear HRV shortly after myocardial infarction (MI) are risk factors for mortality. Traditional HRV predicts mortality in patients with a range of times post-MI, but the association of nonlinear HRV and outcome in this population is unknown. Methods and Results: HRV was determined from 740 tapes recorded before antiarrhythmic therapy in Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial patients with ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) suppressed on the first randomized treatment. Patients were 70 ± 121 days post-MI. Follow up was 362 ± 241 days (70 deaths). The association between traditional time and frequency-domain HRV and mortality and nonlinear HRV and mortality were compared for the entire population (ALL), those without coronary artery bypass graft post-MI (no CABG), and those without CABG or diabetes (no CABG, no DIAB) using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Strength of association was compared by P values and Wald Chi-square values. Nonlinear HRV included short-term fractal scaling exponent, power law slope, and SD12 (Poincaré dimension). For ALL and for no CABG, increased daytime SD12 had the strongest association with mortality (P = 0.002 ALL and P 〈 0.001 no CABG). For no CABG, no DIAB increased 24-hour SD12 hours had the strongest association (P 〈 0.001) with mortality. Upon multivariate analysis, increased SD12, decreased ln ULF (ultra low frequency), and history of prior MI and history of congestive heart failure each remained in the model. Conclusion: Nonlinear HRV is associated with mortality post-MI. However, as with traditional HRV, this is diluted by CABG surgery post-MI and by diabetes. Results suggest that decreased long-term HRV and increased randomness of heart rate are each independent risk factors for mortality post-MI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2005.04358.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of Subacute Stent Thrombosis Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Low-Volume Catheterization Laboratory (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5020 , USA , and P.O. Box 1354, Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of interventional cardiology 18 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The frequency of coronary stent subacute thrombosis (SAT) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with uncoated stents in recent studies is 0.5%–0.9%. Prior studies have indicated that complication rates are significantly higher when performed in low-volume centers. We sought to determine the incidence and outcomes of SAT following PCI with stent placement at a low-volume catheterization laboratory. Methods: We reviewed the Brooke Army Medical Center Interventional Database for all consecutive PCIs with stent implantation performed from January 1998 to December 2002. Clinical outcomes were obtained primarily through hospitalization records and clinic follow-up visits. Results: There were 789 interventions with stenting on 750 patients over the specified time period, for an average of 158 procedures on 150 patients per year. There were seven cases of SAT, representing a rate of 0.89%. There was no difference in the clinical characteristics, procedural technique, or postprocedural antithrombotic therapy of the subjects with and without SAT. Of those with SAT, there were no subjects requiring surgical revascularization during index hospitalization, and all survived to index hospital discharge. Six of these seven subjects with SAT (85.7%) were alive at one year, with the single death noncardiovascular related. Conclusions: The incidence of thrombosis occurring within 30 days of intracoronary stent implantation is similar in low- and high-volume catheterization laboratories. In our low-volume laboratory experience, these events were not associated with significantly increased adverse outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2005.04044.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Electrocardiography and Histologic Rejection Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 10 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Intraventricular conduction delay and QT interval dispersion may be related to electrical instability and the risk of ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The interlead variability of the QT interval on a surface 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been associated with an increased likelihood of sudden death in patients with long QT syndromes, in patients recovering from myocardial infarction, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We sought to determine the incidence of increased QTc dispersion (QTc-d) relative to biopsy grade of severity of rejection. Methods: Records of patients having undergone orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) were reviewed focusing specifically on surface ECGs performed in temporal proximity to endomyocardial biopsy. Results: Seventy-five patients were evaluated on 1573 occasions, to include 999 surface ECGs, and 847 endomyocardial biopsies. There were 269 interpretable surface ECGs and endomyocardial biopsies performed within 1.1 ± 4.6 days. There were no identifiable trends in atrioventricular or intraventricular conduction abnormalities (to include right bundle branch block) when comparing those with and without significant rejection on endomyocardial biopsy. The mean QTc-d of those with none (n = 34), mild (n = 194), moderate (n = 39), and severe (n = 2) rejection was 49 ± 29, 49 ± 35, 57 ± 38, 81 ± 7 ms, respectively (P = 0.28 by ANOVA of means). When comparing those with significant rejection so as to change management there was a trend toward increased dispersion (no to mild rejection, 49 ± 34 ms vs moderate to severe rejection, 59 ± 37 ms, P = 0.09). Conclusions: In this study investigating noninvasive ventricular depolarization/repolarization and correlation to histologic manifestation of rejection, there was suggestion, but no statistical significance, of QTc-d and severity of rejection. QTc-d should not be considered a sensitive marker for OHT rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2005.00601.x
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