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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Acetylcholine Release in the Striatum of Anesthetized Rats Using In Vivo Microdialysis and a Radioimmunoassay (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A vertical-type in vivo microdialysis probe and a sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) were used to study the mechanism of acetylcholine (ACh) release in the striatum of anesthetized rats. Without the use of physostigmine, a cholincsterase inhibitor, our RIA could still detect the amount of ACh present in the perfusate (5.6 ± 0.6 fmol/min, n = 16). Tetrodotoxin (1 μM) produced a significant decrease in the amount of ACh collected in the perfusate, suggesting that basal ACh determined under the present experimental conditions was related to cholinergic neural activity. Atropine (0.1–1 μM) applied topically via the dialysis probe did not affect the amount of ACh recovered in the perfusate in the absence of physostigmine. Addition of physostigmine (10 μM) to the perfusion fluid produced about a 100-fold increase in the amount of ACh collected. In the presence of physostig mine, topical administration of atropine and pirenzepine (0.01–1 μM) through a dialysis probe produced a further three-to fourfold increase in ACh output, whereas a slight increase was produced by AF-DX 116 at the highest concentration (1 μM). These results indicate that presynaptic modulation of ACh release in the striatum does not occur under basal conditions, and that presynaptic M, muscarinic receptors are involved in the modulation of ACh release when the ACh concentration is raised under certain conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08233.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Physostigmine and Some Nitric Oxide-Cyclic GMP-Related Compounds on Muscarinic Receptor-Mediated Autoinhibition of Hippocampal Acetylcholine Release (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have investigated the effects of (a) the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine and (b) drugs that are known to change intracellular cyclic GMP levels on the autoinhibition of acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal slices. Autoinhibition was triggered by submaximal electrical stimulation in both the absence and presence of physostigmine. The results obtained indicate that an unusual increase in the extracellular acetylcholine content, such as that induced by cholinesterase inhibition, is not essential for autoinhibition triggering. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP reduced significantly the stimulation-evoked acetylcholine release in the presence, but not in the absence, of atropine. Neither sodium nitroprusside nor glyceryl trinitrate exerted a dibutyryl cyclic GMP-like effect. NG-Nitro-L-arginine did not lessen the autoinhibition. These results indicate that an increase in the intracellular cyclic GMP level reduces acetylcholine release, and that the muscarinic receptor stimulation-nitric oxide synthesis-(soluble) guanylyl cyclase activation pathway is not involved in the cholinergic autoinhibition process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03515.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manifestation of Brugada Syndrome After Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient with Sick Sinus Syndrome (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 49-year-old woman experienced syncope 10 months after DDD pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome. ECG revealed abnormal ST elevation in leads V1 to V3 during a paced rhythm. Multifocal premature ventricular contractions followed by ventricular fibrillation were documented. Saddleback-type ST elevation was confirmed after a mode change to AAI. The diagnosis of Brugada syndrome was made, and the DDD pacemaker was upgraded to an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Brugada syndrome can be easily overlooked if the classic ECG findings are not initially noted but may be observed even during pacing therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.04092.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotrophin-3-induced production of nerve growth factor is suppressed in Schwann cells exposed to high glucose: involvement of the polyol pathway (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 91 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Development of hypesthesia, a loss of sensitivity to stimulation, is associated with impaired regeneration of peripheral sensory fibers, in which Schwann cells play a key role by secreting nerve growth factor (NGF). Recent clinical trials indicated that an inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, significantly improved hypesthesia in diabetic patients. The fact that AR is localized in Schwann cells led us to investigate the role of the polyol pathway in NGF production of isolated Schwann cells. Among various endogenous factors examined, increased production of NGF was demonstrated in the cells treated with neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) for 24 h. NT-3-induced NGF production was significantly suppressed when cells were cultured in the medium containing high glucose. In these cells, the levels of glutathione (GSH) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) were reduced, whereas the level of activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was elevated. These changes were abolished when an AR inhibitor fidarestat was included in the medium. NT-3-induced NGF production was further attenuated in the cells treated with an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. Together, the enhanced polyol pathway activity under high-glucose conditions seems to elicit reduced NT-3-induced NGF production in Schwann cells. Enhanced oxidative stress linked to the polyol pathway activity may mediate this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02824.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IRON SOLUBILITY FROM SEAFOODS WITH ADDED IRON AND ORGANIC ACIDS UNDER SIMULATED GASTROINTESTINAL CONDITIONS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Iron absorption from foods is dependent on the type of food consumed and other factors such as ligands which may have enhancing or inhibiting effects on iron absorption. In this study, iron (Fe2+ or Fe3+) and two organic acids (ascorbate and citrate) were added to three seafood surimis (scallops, prawns, and cod) and then subjected to simulated gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2, 4, and 6) to evaluate iron solubility. Soluble iron decreased with increasing pH in all samples and control. In cod, a combination of ascorbic and citric acid (1:2) was most effective to increase soluble iron; however, in scallops and prawns citric acid alone was best. After sequential pH and enzyme treatments, it was found that the effectiveness of iron solubilization depended primarily upon the type of seafood present and to a lesser extent the oxidation state of the iron salt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1997.tb00467.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Carbon-Nitric Oxide Reaction in the Presence of Oxygen (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 33 (1994), S. 2840-2845 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00035a038
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marked Spatial Genetic Structure in Three Populations of a Weedy Fern, Pteris multifida Poir., and Reestimation of Its Selfing Rate (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme markers were used to characterize spatial genetic structure for the weedy fern Pteris multifida within three populations growing on the man made stone walls. Even visually distinct genetic substructures were observed in all the examined populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using Moran's /indicated that the patch size of P. multifida was as small as 4–9 m. Estimation of outcrossing rate is known to be severely biased downwards if the presence of spatial genetic structure is ignored. Mating system of this fern species was reported as mixed (mean selfing rate: 0.435). However, fixation indexes calculated in small patches less than 3–10 m wide were not significantly different from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and thus P. multifida's mating system was considered to be outcrossing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1997.tb00161.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New genes involved in cancer identified by retroviral tagging (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 32 (2002), S. 166-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Retroviral insertional mutagenesis in BXH2 and AKXD mice induces a high incidence of myeloid leukemia and B- and T-cell lymphoma, respectively. The retroviral integration sites (RISs) in these tumors thus provide powerful genetic tags for the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Here we report ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng949
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connexin 43 and the glucose transporter, GLUT1, in the ciliary body of the rat (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the relationship between the gap junction protein connexin 43 and the glucose transporter GLUT1, their localization was visualized by double-immunofluorescence microscopy using frozen sections as well as immunogold staining of ultrathin frozen sections. In pigmented epithelial cells, most of the GLUT1 was localized along the plasma membrane facing the blood vessels, whereas in non-pigmented epithelial cells, it was present along the plasma membrane facing the aqueous humor. Connexin 43 was abundant in the ciliary body and localized mainly in the gap junctions connecting the pigmented and non-pigmented epithelial cells. Localization of GLUT1 and connexin 43 in the blood-aqueous barrier suggests that GLUT1, connexin 43, and GLUT1 disposed in this order could be a machinery responsible for the transport of glucose across the blood-aqueous barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050033
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colocalization of tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1, and glucose transporter GLUT1 in cells of the blood-ocular barrier in the mouse eye (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 110 (1998), S. 543-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is abundant in cells of the blood-ocular barrier and serves as a glucose transport mechanism in the barrier. To see the relationship between the glucose transfer function and junctional proteins in the barrier, we examined the localization of GLUT1 and the tight junction proteins, occludin and ZO-1, in the mouse eye. Their localization in the retina, ciliary body, and iris was visualized by double-immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Occludin and ZO-1 were colocalized at tight junctions of the cells of the barrier: retinal pigment epithelial cells, non-pigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body, and endothelial cells of GLUT1-positive blood vessels. Occludin was restricted to these cells of the barrier. ZO-1 was found, in addition, in sites not functioning as a barrier: the outer limiting membrane in the retina, in the cell border between pigmented and non-pigmented epithelial cells in the ciliary body, and GLUT1-negative blood vessels. These observations show that localization of occludin is restricted to tight junctions of cells of the barrier, whereas ZO-1 is more widely distributed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050316
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