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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors tetrahydroaminoacridine and E2020 on the basal concentration of extracellular acetylcholine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words: Acetylcholine – E2020 – Hippocampus – Microdialysis – Physostigmine – RIA- Tetrahydroaminoacridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and E2020 (1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)-2-yl]methylpiperidine hydrochloride), potential drugs for the treatment of senile dementia, on the basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, were determined using a microdialysis technique without the use of a ChE inhibitor in the perfusion fluid and a sensitive RIA. The mean (±SEM) basal ACh content in the perfusate was 103.1±3.6 fmol/sample collected over 30 min when microdialysis probes with a length of 3 mm dialysis membrane were used. The content of ACh decreased to an almost undetectable level upon perfusion of magnesium, suggesting that, in the present study, most of the ACh detected in the perfusates was due to cholinergic neuronal activity. THA (1.65 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an insignificant increase in the extracellular ACh concentration, but a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. caused a prolonged and significant 5.5-fold increase from the control value. E2020 (0.65 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant, prolonged and dose-dependent increases (4 and 12 times the control value, respectively), the peak effect occurring within 1 h. Perfusion with 10 μmol/l physostigmine produced an about 30-fold increase of ACh output, suggesting that the basal extracellular ACh concentration is highly dependent on ChE activity. When ChE was inhibited locally by perfusion with physostigmine, THA (5 mg/kg) produced a transient and, at its maximum, a 1.42-fold increase in extracellular ACh concentration. These results demonstrate that the basal, physiological, extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats can be determined using a microdialysis technique and a sensitive RIA, and suggest that THA and E2020 increase ACh concentration in the synaptic cleft of the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner mostly through ChE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173022
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rice mitochondrial nad3 gene has an extended reading frame at its 5′ end: nucleotide sequence analysis of rice trnS, nad3, and rps12 genes (1991)
    Springer
    Current genetics 20 (1991), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Rice ; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Ribosomal protein S12 ; tRNASer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequences of the tRNASer (trnS), pseudo-tRNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3), and ribosomal protein S12 (rps12) genes from rice mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were determined. Both trnS and nad3 were confirmed to be single copy genes by Southern blot analysis. The nad3 and rps12 genes were arranged in tandem, and the two were co-transcribed. The order of the above four genes in rice mtDNA differed from the linear order observed for the wheat and maize genes. In rice mitochondria, the trnS and pseudo-tRNA genes were found upstream of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, instead of the nad3 and rps12 genes as observed in maize and wheat. Additionally, while the rice nad3 and rps12 genes remain paired, they too are in a different sequence environment from the wheat and maize genes. The apparent split of the two pairs of genes indicates the occurrence of a mitochondrial intramolecular recombinational event. Another peculiarity is that the sequence upstream of the translational initiation codon of the rice nad3 gene is different from that of the wheat and maize versions. The ATG initiation codon of wheat and maize nad3 is replaced by TTG in the rice nad3. A subsequent deduction of the amino acid sequence, accompanied by a primer extension analysis, indicates that the predicted rice NAD3 protein has an additional 37 amino acid residues at its N-terminus compared to the wheat and maize NAD3 proteins. cDNA sequence analysis showed no introns or the occurrence of RNA editing at the newly replaced TTG codon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318523
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductions in the bilateral parietal and occipital cerebral blood flow and metabolism in a patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 607-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050412
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of cranial meningocele associated with Joubert syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 12 (1996), S. 280-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Joubert syndrome ; Cranial meningocele ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Joubert syndrome was first reported in 1969 as a rare, recessive autosomal syndrome associated with neuropathological abnormalities of the cerebellum and brain stem, partial or complete aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, and presenting with episodic hyperpnea and apnea, oculomotor abnormalities, and psychomotor retardation. Having experienced one case of this syndrome with associated cranial meningocele, we report the clinical course, MRI features, and surgical findings, and discuss the relevant literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261812
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors tetrahydroaminoacridine and E2020 on the basal concentration of extracellular acetylcholine in the hippocampus of freely moving rats (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; E2020 ; Hippocampus ; Microdialysis ; Physostigmine ; RIA ; Tetrahydroaminoacridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the centrally acting cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) and E2020 (1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-l-indanon)-2-yl] methylpiperidine hydrochloride), potential drugs for the treatment of senile dementia, on the basal extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats, were determined using a microdialysis technique without the use of a ChE inhibitor in the perfusion fluid and a sensitive RIA. The mean (±SEM) basal ACh content in the perfusate was 103.1 ± 3.6 fmol/sample collected over 30 min when microdialysis probes with a length of 3 mm dialysis membrane were used. The content of ACh decreased to an almost undetectable level upon perfusion of magnesium, suggesting that, in the present study, most of the ACh detected in the perfusates was due to cholinergic neuronal activity. THA (1.65 mg/kg, i.p.) produced an insignificant increase in the extracellular ACh concentration, but a dose of 5 mg/kg, i.p. caused a prolonged and significant 5.5-fold increase from the control value. E2020 (0.65 and 2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant, prolonged and dose-dependent increases (4 and 12 times the control value, respectively), the peak effect occurring within 1 h. Perfusion with 10 μmol/l physostigmine produced an about 30-fold increase of ACh output, suggesting that the basal extracellular ACh concentration is highly dependent on ChE activity. When ChE was inhibited locally by perfusion with physostigmine, THA (5 mg/kg) produced a transient and, at its maximum, a 1.42-fold increase in extracellular ACh concentration. These results demonstrate that the basal, physiological, extracellular ACh concentration in the hippocampus of freely moving rats can be determined using a microdialysis technique and a sensitive RIA, and suggest that THA and E 2020 increase ACh concentration in the synaptic cleft of the hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner mostly through ChE inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173022
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of GLUT1 and connexin 26 in the rat placenta (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Glucose transporter ; GLUT1 ; Connexin 26 ; Gap junctions ; Placenta ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Interhemal membrane in the rat placenta is composed of three trophoblastic layers and endothelial cells. GLUT1, an isoform of the facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter, is abundant in the cells of the placental barrier, i.e., syncytiotrophoblastic layers I and II. GLUT1 is localized at the plasma membranes of the maternal-blood side of syncytiotrophoblastic layer I, and of the fetal-blood side of syncytiotrophoblastic layer II. Double-immunofluorescence microscopy has shown that connexin 26 is present between these GLUT1-positive sites, i.e., between syncytiotrophoblastic layers I and II. Immunogold electron microscopy has revealed that connexin 26 is localized in the gap junctions connecting the two layers. Connexin 26 in these layers therefore makes them functionally a single syncytial layer for the transfer of small molecules such as glucose in the rat placental barrier. These results suggest that glucose transfer in the rat placental barrier is carried out as follows: GLUT1 is used for the entry of glucose into the cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblastic layer I, connexin 26 for the transfer of glucose from syncytiotrophoblastic layer I to syncytiotrophoblastic layer II, and GLUT1 for the exit of glucose to the fetal circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050623
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aquaporin-5 (AQP5), a water channel protein, in the rat salivary and lacrimal glands: immunolocalization and effect of secretory stimulation (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Water channel protein ; Aquaporin ; AQP5 ; Rat ; Salivary glands ; Immunolocalization ; Secretory stimulation ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water channel protein and is considered to play an important role in water movement across the plasma membrane. We raised anti-AQP5 antibody and examined the localization of AQP5 protein in rat salivary and lacrimal glands by immunofluorescence microscopy. AQP5 was found in secretory acinar cells of submandibular, parotid, and sublingual glands, where it was restricted to apical membranes including intercellular secretory canaliculi. In the submandibular gland, abundant AQP5 was also found additionally at the apical membrane of intercalated duct cells. Upon stimulation by isoproterenol, apical staining for AQP5 in parotid acinar cells tended to appear as clusters of dots. These results suggest that AQP5 is one of the candidate molecules responsible for the water movement in the salivary glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051257
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide Transporter in the Rat Small Intestine: Ultrastructural Localization and the Effect of Starvation and Administration of Amino Acids (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 31 (1999), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peptide transporter-1 is a H+/peptide cotransporter responsible for the uptake of small peptides and peptide-like drugs, and is present in the absorptive epithelial cells of the villi in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). It has been localized to the apical microvillous plasma membrane of the absorptive epithelial cells of the rat small intestine using the immunogold electron microscopic technique. Digital image analysis of the jejunum revealed that the transporter protein was abundant at the tip of the villus and that the amount decreased from the tip of the villus to its base. The effect of dietary administration of amino acids and starvation on the expression of PepT1 in the jejunum was examined by immunoblotting and image analysis of immunofluorescence. Starvation markedly increased the amount of peptide transporter present, whereas dietary administration of amino acids reduced it. The gradient of the transporter protein along the crypt-villus axis was maintained under either condition. These observations show that it is specific to the microvillous plasma membrane and that its expression is regulated by the nutritional condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003515413550
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chimeric gene containing the 5′ portion of atp6 is associated with cytoplasmic male-sterility of rice (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 224 (1990), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Rice ; ATPase subunit 6 ; Cytoplasmic male-sterility ; Chimeric gene ; Mitochondrial DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) genes of rice mitochondria were isolated, one from normal and two from cms-Bo male-sterile cytoplasms, in order to determine whether the extra atp6 gene in cms-Bo rice plays a role in cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). The nucleotide sequences of all three genes were determined and analysis showed a chimeric atp6 gene (urf-rmc) as well as a normal atp6 gene in cms-Bo cytoplasm, but only the normal atp6 gene in normal cytoplasm. The urf-rmc gene is completely homologous to the normal atp6 gene from at least position − 426 in the 5′ flanking region to position + 511 downstream from the initiation codon ATG; however, the following downstream sequence shows no homology with the normal rice atp6 gene, or any other reported sequence. Introduction of the restorer of fertility gene altered transcription of the urf-rmc gene but not the atp6 gene, indicating participation of the chimeric gene in the expression of CMS. Southern blot analysis showed that the urf-rmc gene was generated by an intramolecular recombination event in mitochondrial DNA, and the homologous recombination point between the atp6 gene and the opposite ancestral sequence was identified as 5′-TTCCCTC-3′.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259445
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular conformations ofd,l-alternating polypeptides (1984)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 11 (1984), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary D,L-Alternating poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) (PBDLG) and poly(γ-phenethyl glutamate) (PPDLG) were prepared by the racemization-free method proposed by Caille et al. (1) for the synthesis of PBDLG. Both polymers were fractionated into two components, (A) and (B), using solubility differences in DMF, methanol, and ethanol. Infrared and X-ray data support the α-helical molecular conformation for the (A) films obtained from chloroform solutions, as was reported by Heitz et al. (2) for PBDLG. The molecular conformation of PPDLG-(B) is essentially the same as that of PBDLG-(B), which was assigned to the antiparallel-chain polar pleated-sheet structure by Lotz et al. (3). The ω-helical conformation was found for PBDLG by exposing the (A) film to the vapor from DMF with a small amount of water, but not for PPDLG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045339
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